Acrylonitrile

chemical structure of acrylonitrile

**Properties**
General
Name	Acrylonitrile
Chemical formula	CH₂=CH-C≡N
Appearance	Colourless to pale yellow liquid
Physical
Formula weight	53.06 amu
Melting point	189 K (-84 °C)
Boiling point	350 K (77 °C)
Density	0.8 ×10³ kg/m³
Solubility	7 g/100 mL at 20 °C
Thermochemistry
Δ_fH⁰_liquid	kJ/mol
S⁰_{liquid, 1 bar}	J/mol·K
Safety
Flammability	Extremely flammable and highly reactive. Gives off toxic fumes whilst burning.
Ingestion	Headache, excitement, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, stupor, and coma.
Inhalation	Headache, dizziness, unconsciousness and coma. High concentrations may be fatal.
Skin	Irritation. Can be absorbed through skin. Repeated exposures cause sensitization.
Eyes	Severe irritation, pain and blurred vision.
More info	Hazardous Chemical Database
SI units were used where possible. Unless otherwise stated, standard conditions were used. Disclaimer and references

Acrylonitrile (CH₂=CH-C≡N), is a pungent smelling, extremely flammable organic liquid.

It is also known as cyanoethylene or vinyl cyanide. Its IUPAC name is 2-Propenenitrile.

Uses

Acrylonitrile is used principally as a precursor in the manufacture of synthetic polymers, especially acrylic fibers, nylon, and synthetic rubber. Small amounts are also used as a fumigant.

Production

Most industrial acrylonitrile is produced through the Sohio process, the catalytic ammoxidation of propylene:

CH₃-CH=CH₂ + NH₃ + 1.5 O₂ → CH₂=CH-C≡N + 3 H₂O

World annual production in 2001 was 4 million tonnes, with just under half of that coming from the USA.

Safety

Acrylonitrile is highly flammable, and can be easily ignited from a spark, or spontaneously on contact with certain oxidizers. Unless chemical stabilizers called "inhibitors" are added, it may also undergo explosive polymerization when heated, on contact with strong alkalis, or when exposed to ultraviolet light. The burning material releases fumes of hydrogen cyanide and oxides of nitrogen. Store in a well ventilated flammable material store away from incompatible materials, and avoid sparks.

The material is also toxic. Contact with skin or the eyes produces severe irritation. Inhalation or prolonged skin contact can produce stupefacation, coma, and death. Wear approved safety goggles, gloves and respirator during handling.

Commercial Usage: Acrylonitrile

Domain	Title
Books	Acrylonitrile (reference) Acrylonitrile [DOWNLOAD: PDF] (reference) Experimental Research on Acrylonitrile Carcinogenesis (Archives of Research on Industrial Carcinogenesis, Vol Vi) (reference) Survey of acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile levels in food contact materials and in foods : the sixth report of the Steering Group on Food Surveillance, the Working Party on Acrylonitrile and Methacrylonitrile (reference) World Survey of Acrylonitrile (reference) (more book examples)

Periodicals	Acrylonitrile And Derivatives Monthly Report (reference) (more periodical examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Photo Album: Acrylonitrile

Non-Fiction Usage: Acrylonitrile

Subject	Topic	Quote
Business		This included $2.2 billion of polyethylene (PE), $1.3 billion of polypropylene (PP), $1.4 billion of polystyrene (PS), $1.4 billion of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), $1.4 billion of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and another $500 million of engineering plastics materials. (references)
Economic History	China	The local market requires imports of general-purpose thermoplastic resins, including polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). This market is subject to fluctuation of up-stream supply and down-stream market demand. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Expression: Acrylonitrile

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Acrylonitrile

Modern Translations: Acrylonitrile

Language		Translations for "acrylonitrile"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Chinese		丙烯腈. (various references)

Danish		acrylonitril. (various references)

Dutch		acrylonitril, acrylonitriel, acrylnitril, vinylcyanide. (various references)

French		acrylonitrile, cyanure de vinyle. (various references)

German		Acrylsaeurenitoil, Acrylnitril, Vinylcyanid, CH2 = CHCN. (various references)

Greek		κυανιούχο βινύλιο. (various references)

Italian		acrilonitrile, nitrile acrilico, cianuro di vinile. (various references)

Japanese Kanji		アクリル繊維 (accommodator, accord, accordion, accordion door, accordion pleats, achromatic lens, acid, acidosis, acoustic, acoustic guitar, acoustic sound, acrobat, acrobatic, acrobatic dance, acrobatic dancer, acropolis, acrylic fiber, against, against wind, agglomeration, aggressive, agitation, agoraphobia, agreement, agribusiness, agriculture, Asia, Asia dollar, aside, assassin, assault, assert, assertiveness training, assign, assignment, assist, assistance, assistant, assistant director, assistant manager, assistant purser, asymmetric design, asymmetry, contortionist, to instigate, to stir up). (various references)

Japanese Katakana		アクリロニトリル . (various references)

Pig Latin		acrylonitrileay

Portuguese		cianureto de vinilo. (various references)

Spanish		cianuro de vinilo. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Derivations: Acrylonitrile

Anagrams: Acrylonitrile

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "a-c-e-i-i-l-l-n-o-r-r-t-y"
	-1 letter: collinearity.
	-2 letters: colinearity, oneirically.
	-3 letters: anteriorly, citronella, contrarily, erotically, illiteracy, inertially, interiorly, interlocal, irenically, ironically, lectionary, literarily, orientally, ritornelli.
	-4 letters: artillery, centrally, certainly, collinear, coralline, criterion, irreality, itinerary, lineality, linearity, ontically, rectorial, reliantly, reliction, tonically, trilinear.
	-5 letters: acrolein, airliner, anoretic, anterior, antiroll, carillon, caroller, carriole, carrotin, caryotin, cilantro, cinerary, clarinet, cliental, clitoral, coitally, colinear, collaret, colliery, collyria, contrail, contrary, creation, criteria, cryolite, elicitor, enactory, erotical, errantly, illation, inertial, interior, interlay, irenical, ironical, linearly, literacy, literary, localite, locality, loricate, nitrolic, oriental, ornately, raillery, reaction, rectally, relation, retailor, retrally, rocaille, teocalli, tricorne, trillion.
	Words containing the letters "a-c-e-i-i-l-l-n-o-r-r-t-y"
	+1 letter: acrylonitriles.
	+3 letters: microcrystalline.
	+4 letters: irreconcilability, polyacrylonitrile, recrystallization, trigonometrically.
	+5 letters: polyacrylonitriles, recrystallizations.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Alternative Orthography: Acrylonitrile

Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

41 63 72 79 6C 6F 6E 69 74 72 69 6C 65

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

⁼

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

.- -.-. .-. -.--. .-.. --- -. .. - .-. .. .-.. .

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01000001 01100011 01110010 01111001 01101100 01101111 01101110 01101001 01110100 01110010 01101001 01101100 01100101

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#65 &#99 &#114 &#121 &#108 &#111 &#110 &#105 &#116 &#114 &#105 &#108 &#101

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0041 0063 0072 0079 006C 006F 006E 0069 0074 0072 0069 006C 0065

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

Domain	Definitions
Health	A highly poisonous compound used widely in the manufacture of plastics, adhesives and synthetic rubber. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	Pictured is a sophisticated gas chromatography system. This records concentrations of acrylonitrile in the air at various points throughout the chemical laboratory.Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer).
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Expression using "acrylonitrile": acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. Additional references.
Hypenated Usage
	Ending with "acrylonitrile": styrene-stat-acrylonitrile.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Expression	Frequency per Day
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene	32
acrylonitrile	25
styrene acrylonitrile	4
acrylonitrile producer	3
acrylonitrile butadiene	3
acrylonitrile butadiene rubber	2
acrylonitrile msds	2
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Derivations
	Words beginning with "acrylonitrile": acrylonitriles. (additional references)
	Words ending with "acrylonitrile": polyacrylonitrile. (additional references)
	Words containing "acrylonitrile": polyacrylonitriles. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Acrylonitrile

Definition: Acrylonitrile

Acrylonitrile

Noun

Specialty Definitions: Acrylonitrile

Health

Specialty Definition: Acrylonitrile

Uses

Production

Safety

Synonyms: Acrylonitrile

Crosswords: Acrylonitrile

Commercial Usage: Acrylonitrile

Books

Periodicals

Photo Album: Acrylonitrile

Non-Fiction Usage: Acrylonitrile

Business

Economic History

China

Expression: Acrylonitrile

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Acrylonitrile

acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

acrylonitrile

styrene acrylonitrile

acrylonitrile producer

acrylonitrile butadiene

acrylonitrile butadiene rubber

acrylonitrile msds

Modern Translations: Acrylonitrile

Chinese

Danish

Dutch

French

German

Greek

Italian

Japanese Kanji

Japanese Katakana

Pig Latin

Portuguese

Spanish

Derivations: Acrylonitrile

Derivations

Anagrams: Acrylonitrile

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Alternative Orthography: Acrylonitrile

41 63 72 79 6C 6F 6E 69 74 72 69 6C 65

.- -.-. .-. -.--. .-.. --- -. .. - .-. .. .-.. .

01000001 01100011 01110010 01111001 01101100 01101111 01101110 01101001 01110100 01110010 01101001 01101100 01100101

&#65 &#99 &#114 &#121 &#108 &#111 &#110 &#105 &#116 &#114 &#105 &#108 &#101

0041 0063 0072 0079 006C 006F 006E 0069 0074 0072 0069 006C 0065

35698491788180758684757871

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