Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Definition: ASCII |
ASCIINoun1. (computer science) American Standard Code for Information Interchange; a code for information exchange between computers made by different companies; a string of 7 binary digits represents each character; used in most microcomputers. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | ASCII /as'kee/ n. [originally an acronym (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) but now merely conventional] The predominant character set encoding of present-day computers. The standard version uses 7 bits for each character, whereas most earlier codes (including early drafts of ASCII prior to June 1961) used fewer. This change allowed the inclusion of lowercase letters -- a major win -- but it did not provide for accented letters or any other letterforms not used in English (such as the German sharp-S or the ae-ligature which is a letter in, for example, Norwegian). It could be worse, though. It could be much worse. See {EBCDIC to understand how. A history of ASCII and its ancestors is at `http://www.wps.com/texts/codes/index.html'. Computers are much pickier and less flexible about spelling than humans; thus, hackers need to be very precise when talking about characters, and have developed a considerable amount of verbal shorthand for them. Every character has one or more names -- some formal, some concise, some silly. Common jargon names for ASCII characters are collected here. See also individual entries for bang, excl, open, ques, semi, shriek, splat, twiddle, and Yu-Shiang Whole Fish. This list derives from revision 2.3 of the Usenet ASCII pronunciation guide. Single characters are listed in ASCII order; character pairs are sorted in by first member. For each character, common names are given in rough order of popularity, followed by names that are reported but rarely seen; official ANSI/CCITT names are surrounded by brokets: <>. Square brackets mark the particularly silly names introduced by INTERCAL. The abbreviations "l/r" and "o/c" stand for left/right and "open/close" respectively. Ordinary parentheticals provide some usage information. ! Common: bang; pling; excl; not; shriek; ball-bat; |
Census | American Standard Code for Information Interchange. The most common format for text files in computers and on the Internet. Computers "read" ASCII codes, each of which can be represented by a 7-digit binary number from 0000000 through 111111, and produce them as letters, numbers or symbols; 128 possible characters are defined. ASCII was developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). (references) |
| (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) A code used in computers and communications systems in which each character, number, or special character is defined in eight bits. (references) | |
Geological | A seven-bit code standard adopted to facilitate data interchange between computers and operating systems. These codes represent alphanumerics and special characters (for example, $, /, ?, !). (American Standard Code for Information Interchange). (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange, generally pronounced ass-key) is a character set and a character encoding based on the Roman alphabet as used in modern English. It is most commonly used by computers and other communication equipment to represent text and by control devices that work with text.
| Binary | Decimal | Hex | Abbreviation | Printable Representation | Name/Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000 0000 | 0 | 00 | NUL | ␀ | Null character |
| 0000 0001 | 1 | 01 | SOH | ␁ | Start of Header |
| 0000 0010 | 2 | 02 | STX | ␂ | Start of Text |
| 0000 0011 | 3 | 03 | ETX | ␃ | End of Text |
| 0000 0100 | 4 | 04 | EOT | ␄ | End of Transmission |
| 0000 0101 | 5 | 05 | ENQ | ␅ | Enquiry |
| 0000 0110 | 6 | 06 | ACK | ␆ | Acknowledgment |
| 0000 0111 | 7 | 07 | BEL | ␇ | Bell |
| 0000 1000 | 8 | 08 | BS | ␈ | Backspace |
| 0000 1001 | 9 | 09 | HT | ␉ | Horizontal Tab |
| 0000 1010 | 10 | 0A | LF | ␊ | Line feed |
| 0000 1011 | 11 | 0B | VT | ␋ | Vertical Tab |
| 0000 1100 | 12 | 0C | FF | ␌ | Form Feed |
| 0000 1101 | 13 | 0D | CR | ␍ | Carriage return |
| 0000 1110 | 14 | 0E | SO | ␎ | Shift Out |
| 0000 1111 | 15 | 0F | SI | ␏ | Shift In |
| 0001 0000 | 16 | 10 | DLE | ␐ | Data Link Escape |
| 0001 0001 | 17 | 11 | DC1 | ␑ | XON Device Control 1 |
| 0001 0010 | 18 | 12 | DC2 | ␒ | Device Control 2 |
| 0001 0011 | 19 | 13 | DC3 | ␓ | XOFF Device Control 3 |
| 0001 0100 | 20 | 14 | DC4 | ␔ | Device Control 4 |
| 0001 0101 | 21 | 15 | NAK | ␕ | Negative Acknowledgement |
| 0001 0110 | 22 | 16 | SYN | ␖ | Synchronous Idle |
| 0001 0111 | 23 | 17 | ETB | ␗ | End of Trans. Block |
| 0001 1000 | 24 | 18 | CAN | ␘ | Cancel |
| 0001 1001 | 25 | 19 | EM | ␙ | End of Medium |
| 0001 1010 | 26 | 1A | SUB | ␚ | Substitute |
| 0001 1011 | 27 | 1B | ESC | ␛ | Escape |
| 0001 1100 | 28 | 1C | FS | ␜ | File Separator |
| 0001 1101 | 29 | 1D | GS | ␝ | Group Separator |
| 0001 1110 | 30 | 1E | RS | ␞ | Record Separator |
| 0001 1111 | 31 | 1F | US | ␟ | Unit Separator |
| 0111 1111 | 127 | 7F | DEL | ␡ | Delete |
In the table above, the fifth column contains graphic characters that are reserved for representing the position of control codes in a data stream; your HTML user agent may require the installation of additional fonts in order to display them.
See new line.
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Note how uppercase characters can be converted to lowercase by adding 32 to their ASCII value; in binary, this can be accomplished simply by setting the sixth-least significant bit to 1.
The international spread of computer technology led to many variations and extensions to the ASCII character set, since ASCII does not include accented letters and other symbols necessary to write most languages besides English that use Roman-based alphabets. International standard ISO 646 (1972) was the first attempt to remedy this problem, although it regrettably created compatibility problems as well. ISO 646 was still a seven-bit character set, and since no additional codes were available, some were re-assigned in language-specific variants. See ISO 646 for details.
Improved technology brought out-of-band means to represent the information formerly encoded in the eighth bit of each byte, freeing this bit to add another 128 additional character codes for new assignments. Eight-bit standards such as ISO 8859 enabled a broader range of languages to be represented, but were still plagued with incompatibilities and limitations. Still, ISO 8859-1 and original 7-bit ASCII are the most common character encodings in use today. Unicode, with a much larger character repertoire, is quickly supplanting ISO 8859 and ASCII in many places, but it only maps code points to characters, and does not necessarily require that each code point be represented by a single 7-bit or 8-bit byte, as ASCII or ISO 8859 do. To the extent that it maps characters to code points, though, Unicode is backward compatible: the first 127 code points of Unicode are the same as in ASCII, and the first 256 code points of Unicode are the same as in ISO 8859-1.
The portmanteau word ASCIIbetical has evolved to describe the collation of data in ASCII code order rather than genuine alphabetical order (which requires some tricky computation, and varies with language).
ASCII contains many characters which were not commonly used, or at least spoken of, outside of the computing context; the "popularization" of these characters required that names be agreed upon for them. Some of these names are more whimsical than others. (See especially the end of the list.)
ASCIIZ or ASCIZ is an adjective used to refer to a null-terminated ASCII string.
Variants Of ASCII
See also
External link
ASCII is also a name of one of the oldest and most prestigious computer magazines published in Japan. See ASCII (magazine)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "ASCII."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
ASCII | English | American Standard Code for Information Interchange | Computing |
ASCII | Spanish | Código ASCII | Computing, Electrical Engineering |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Economic History | Burma | This file is available for downloading without charge in WordPerfect 5.1 ASCII, and Adobe Acrobat readable (*.pdf) FORMATS. (references) |
Burma | For Internet access, the address for use with the World Wide Web (Home Page), Telnet, or FTP protocol is: fedbbs.access.gpo.gov. The document is also accessible for downloading in ASCII format without charge from Treasury's Electronic Library ("TEL") in the "Business, Trade and Labor Mall" of the FedWorld bulletin board. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "ASCII" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 92.59% of the time. "ASCII" is used about 162 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 92.59% | 150 | 25,701 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 4.32% | 7 | 133,076 |
| Noun (proper) | 3.09% | 5 | 157,705 |
| Total | 100.00% | 162 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name |
| Japan | Ascii Corporation |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "ASCII": ascii art ♦ ascii character ♦ ascii character set ♦ ascii character table ♦ ascii code ♦ ascii control character ♦ ascii graphics ♦ ASCII keyboard ♦ ascii text file ♦ flat ASCII ♦ plain ASCII. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "ASCII": ascii-ansi, ascii-based. | |
Ending with "ASCII": flat-ASCII, non-ascii, plain-ASCII, US-ASCII. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
ascii | 1,335 | ascii image | 26 |
ascii art | 1,033 | ascii codigos | 26 |
ascii table | 481 | ascii editor | 26 |
ascii code | 333 | ascii symbol | 25 |
ascii codigo | 203 | ascii pic | 25 |
ascii chart | 194 | ascii values | 25 |
ascii character | 133 | ebcdic ascii | 23 |
ascii picture | 114 | art ascii small | 23 |
ascii character set | 89 | ascii código | 21 |
ascii text | 46 | ascii porn | 20 |
ascii hex | 45 | art ascii generator | 20 |
ascii generator | 44 | ascii finger middle | 19 |
ascii converter | 39 | ascii graphic | 18 |
ascii binary | 36 | ascii drawing | 18 |
ascii conversion | 35 | ascii file | 18 |
ascii character code | 34 | ascii converter hex | 17 |
ascii code table | 34 | ascii msn | 16 |
ascii tabla | 33 | ascii heart | 16 |
art ascii text | 29 | ascii extended | 16 |
ascii sms | 28 | ascii character map | 15 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "ASCII"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | ASCII-kode (American Standard Code for Information Interchange, USASCII), ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), Amerikaanse standaardcode voor informatie-uitwisseling (American Standard Code for Information Interchange, USASCII), American Standard Code for Information Interchange (American Standard Code for Information Interchange). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Esperanto | Character set. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange, USASCII). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
French | code USASCII, code ASCII. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
German | ascii (American Standard Code for Information Interchange). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | κώδικας USASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange, USASCII), κώδικας ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange, USASCII), Αμερικανικός ρότυπος Κώδικας για Ανταλλαγή ληροφοριών (American Standard Code for Information Interchange, USASCII). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), codice ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange, USASCII). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | アジ"説 (Ascot tie, asphalt concrete, astatine, asterisk, inflammatory speech, propaganda speech). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | アスキー . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 아스키. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | asciiay ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), Código-Padrão Americano de Intercâmbio de Informações (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), código ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange, USASCII). (various references) ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), código ASCII (ascii code). (various references) ASCII-kod (American Standard Code for Information Interchange, USASCII). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Misspellings | |
"ASCII" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Acsni, Acssi, Aeci, Amsiwi, Ascanio, asciis, Ascil, Ashibi, Asicom, Askoli, Asni, Azimi, Azizi, Bsshii, Gaskiya, Iscia, Isshiki, Sacii, Usci. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-i-i-s" | |
-1 letter: asci. | |
-2 letters: ais, cis, sac, sic. | |
-3 letters: ai, as, is, si. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-i-i-s" | |
+1 letter: anisic, casini, ischia, sialic, silica. | |
+2 letters: airsick, ascidia, ascitic, basilic, bibasic, camisia, chiasmi, clivias, diacids, dibasic, episcia, fiaschi, iambics, incisal, ischial, italics, laicise, laicism, miasmic, niacins, pachisi, piscina, salicin, satiric, sciatic, silicas. | |
+3 letters: abscisin, accidias, accidies, acidosis, actinias, actinism, activism, activist, acuities, allicins, aoristic, artistic, ascidian, ascidium, atticism, atticist, autistic, avionics, basicity, basilica, biphasic, caitiffs, camisias, canikins, canities, capsicin, carditis, casimire, cavities, chiasmic, chiastic, chiliads, chiliasm, chiliast, ciliates, diabasic, dicastic, dichasia, diphasic, disclaim, episcias, gracilis, hibachis, incasing, indicans, indicias, iotacism, isagogic, isatinic, ischemia, isobaric, laicised, laicises, laicisms, laicizes, mastitic, meticais, minicabs, minicams, minicars, misclaim, musician, narcissi, oxidasic, pachisis, pacifies, pacifism, pacifist, papistic, parchisi, pasticci, piracies, piscinae, piscinal, piscinas, rachitis, sadistic, salicine, salicins, salvific, sciaenid, sciatica, sciatics, scimitar, silicate, silicula, silvical, simoniac, suicidal, triacids, triadics, tribasic. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)41 53 43 49 49 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).- ... -.-. .. .. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000001 01010011 01000011 01001001 01001001 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)A S C I I |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0041 0053 0043 0049 0049 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)3553374343 |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Commercial 4. Quotations: Non-fiction | 5. Usage Frequency 6. Names: Company Usage 7. Expressions 8. Expressions: Internet | 9. Translations: Modern 10. Abbreviations 11. Acronyms 12. Derivations | 13. Anagrams 14. Orthography 15. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.