Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Alloy

Definitions: Alloy

Alloy

Noun

1. A mixture containing two or more metallic elements or metallic and nonmetallic elements usually fused together or dissolving into each other when molten; "brass is an alloy of zinc and copper".

2. The state of impairing the quality or reducing the value of something.

Verb

1. Lower in value by increasing the base-metal content; of metals.

2. Make an alloy of (metals).

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "alloy" was first used: sometime in the early 14th century. (references)

Specialty Definitions: Alloy

DomainDefinitions

Computing

ALLOY A language by Thanasis Mitsolides which combines functional programming, object-oriented programming and logic programming ideas, and is suitable for massively parallel systems. Evaluating modes support serial or parallel execution, eager evaluation or lazy evaluation, nondeterminism or multiple solutions etc. ALLOY is simple as it only requires 29 primitives in all (half of which are for object oriented programming support). It runs on SPARC. (ftp://cs.nyu.edu/pub/local/alloy/). ["The Design and Implementation of ALLOY, a Parallel Higher Level Programming Language", Thanasis Mitsolides , PhD Thesis NYU 1990]. (1991-06-11). Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing.

Aerospace

A substance having metallic properties and being composed of two or more chemical elements of which at least one is an elemental metal. (references)

Dream Interpretation

To dream of alloy, denotes your business will vex you in its complications. For a woman to dream of alloy, is significant of sorrow and trouble completely hiding pleasure. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted ....

Electrical Engineering

A mixture of metals and small quantities of non-metals, prepared by addition to a basic metal, as by addition of a semiconductor to a metal. Source: European Union. (references)

Mining

A substance having metallic properties, and composed of two or morechemical elements, of which at least one is a metal. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Alloy

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

An alloy is a combination, either in solution or compound, of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal. An alloy with two components is called a binary alloy; one with three is a ternary alloy; one with four is a quaternary alloy. The result is a metallic substance with properties different from those of its components.

Alloys are usually designed to have properties that are more desirable than those of their components. For instance, steel is stronger than iron, one of its main elements, and brass is more durable than copper, but more attractive than zinc.

Unlike pure metals, many alloys do not have a single melting point. Instead, they have a melting range in which the material is a mixture of solid and liquid phases. The temperature at which melting begins is called the solidus, and that at which melting is complete is called the liquidus. Special alloys can be designed with a single melting point, however, and these are called eutectic mixtures.

Sometimes an alloy is just named for the base metal, as 14k gold is an alloy of gold with other elements. The same holds for silver used in jewellery, and aluminum used structurally.

Alloys include:

See also list of alloys.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Alloy."

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Synonyms: Alloy

Synonyms: admixture (n), metal (n), debase (v). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Alloy

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Combination

Alloy, compound, amalgam, composition, tertium quid; resultant, impregnation.

Deterioration

Impairment, inquination, injury, damage, loss, detriment, delaceration, outrage, havoc, inroad, ravage, scath; perversion, prostitution, vitiation, discoloration, oxidation, pollution, defoedation, poisoning, venenation, leaven, contamination, canker, corruption, adulteration, alloy.

Deteriorate; weaken; put back, set back; taint, infect, contaminate, poison, empoison, envenom, canker, corrupt, exulcerate, pollute, vitiate, inquinate; debase, embase; denaturalize, denature, leaven; deflower, debauch, defile, deprave, degrade; ulcerate; stain; (dirt); discolor; alloy, adulterate, sophisticate, tamper with, prejudice.

Mixture

Instill, imbue; infuse, suffuse, transfuse; infiltrate, dash, tinge, tincture, season, sprinkle, besprinkle, attemper, medicate, blend, cross; alloy, amalgamate, compound, adulterate, sophisticate, infect.

Alloy, amalgam; brass, chowchow, pewter; magma, half-and-half, melange, tertium quid, miscellany, ambigu, medley, mess, hotchpot, pasticcio, patchwork, odds and ends, all sorts; jumble; (disorder); salad, sauce, mash, omnium gatherum, gallimaufry, olla-podrida, olio, salmagundi, potpourri, Noah's ark, caldron texture, mingled yarn; mosaic; (variegation).

Pleasure

Pleasing; ecstatic, beatic; painless, unalloyed, without alloy, cloudless.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Alloy

English words defined with "alloy": copper-base alloynickel alloy, nickel-base alloypyrophoric alloyWood's alloy. (references)
Specialty definitions using "alloy": alloy 11, alloy systembinary alloycopper-tin alloyheat treatable alloyMan-Ten steel alloy, master alloyNewton's alloy, nonferrous alloypermanently-modified aluminium alloy, permanent-modification aluminium alloyquaternary alloyremelt alloysecondary alloytungsten alloyWEIGHER, ALLOY, wrought alloyzinc alloy. (references)
Etymologies containing "alloy": Stannum. (references)

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Commercial Usage: Alloy

DomainTitle

References

  • Alloy, Inc.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  • Universal Stainless & Alloy Products, Inc.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  • The World Market for Waste and Scrap of Alloy Steel: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective (reference)

    (more reference examples)

  

Books

  • ALLOY ONLINE, INC.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis [DOWNLOAD: ADOBE READER] (reference)

  • Alloy Phase Stability and Design: Symposium Held April 18-20, 1990, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. (Materials Research Society Symposia proceeding (reference)

  • Characterization and Behavior of Materials With Submicron Dimensions: Proceedings from the Conference Spons by the Tms Committee on Alloy Phases & E (reference)

  • Liquid Metal Processing: Applications to Aluminum Alloy Production (Advances in Metallic Alloys, 1) (reference)

  • The Lear Collection a Study of Copper Alloy Socket Candlesticks A.D.200-A.D.1700 (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

  • Alloy Digest (reference)

  • Alloy Digest - Basic Subscription (reference)

  • Alloy Digest-complete Set On Cd-rom (reference)

  • Copper And Copper Alloy Mill Products (reference)

  • Shipments Of Steel Products: All Grades Including Carbon Alloy And Stainless (reference)

    (more periodical examples)

  

Music

  

Consumer Goods

  • Capresso 440.05 MT-500 10-Cup Electronic Coffeemaker with Alloy Body and Stainless Thermal Carafe (reference)

    (more baby examples; more wireless phone examples; more garden examples; more kitchen examples; more tool examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Photo Album: Alloy

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

An alloy plant, Falls View, West Virginia.Credit: Library of Congress.

An alloy plant, Falls View, West Virginia.Credit: Library of Congress.

Alloy plant, Falls View, West Virginia.Credit: Library of Congress.

Part of an alloy plant, Falls View, West Virginia.Credit: Library of Congress.

Steel alloy manufacture. Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation, Brackenridge, Pennsylvania. Giant at rest. A repairman mends one of the huge ladles in which molten steel is conveyed from the electric furnaces to the ingot moulds.Credit: Library of Congress.

Steel alloy manufacture. Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation, Brackenridge, Pennsylvania. Giant at rest. A repairman mends one of the huge ladles in which molten steel is conveyed from the electric furnaces to the ingot moulds.Credit: Library of Congress.

Steel manufacture, Allegheny-Ludlum. This quality steel tubing and piping will eventually be used to convey, refine or distill elements used in defense production. Expensive alloy steels are used, particularly for chemical piping. Special alloys have been.Credit: Library of Congress.

Steel mill, Massillon, Ohio. General scene, Central Alloy Steel Corp.Credit: Library of Congress.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Familiar Quotations: Alloy

AuthorQuotation

Samuel Butler

A virtue to be serviceable must, like gold, be alloyed with some commoner, but more durable alloy.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Use in Literature: Alloy

TitleAuthorQuote

Walden

Thoreau, Henry David

His mirth was without alloy.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Alloy

SubjectTopicQuote

Business

Other promising areas are alloy wheels, special air filters, special exhausts and special shocks. (references)

The company also manufactures parts from metal alloys ranging from low to high carbon hardenable alloy steel. (references)

General workpiece material trends show that alloy steels and cast irons will be the primary materials machined, at least for the next few years. (references)

Economic History

Netherlands

In the short term, the market is seeing a dramatic increase in the use of computers, software, data storage on diskettes, in-car navigation, electronic maps (CD-ROM), infrared blind-spot detectors, radar enhanced cruise control, and heads up speed/distance displays, audio equipment alloy wheels, wooden trimmings and seat covers. (references)

India

Annexure Part C industries: The following is a list of additional industries and items where approval for foreign equity up to 74 percent is automatic: mining services; basic metals & alloy industries; manufacture of medical, surgical, scientific and measuring appliances and equipment; industrial process control equipment; meters for electricity, water and gas; laboratory and scientific equipment; photographic, cinematographic and optical goods; construction of electricity generation, transmission and distribution projects; construction of hydroelectric power and industrial plants; non-conventional energy generation & distribution; construction and maintenance of ocean and inland and water transport; refrigerated cold-storage and warehousing of agricultural products. (references)

Trade

El Salvador

L. Tokens of any metal or alloy that may be used as substitutes for legal coins. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Alloy

"Alloy" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.00% of the time. "Alloy" is used about 300 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)99%29716,856
Lexical Verb (infinitive)1%3202,518
                    Total100.00%300N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Usage in Company Names: Alloy

CountryName
USA

Universal Stainless & Alloy Products, Inc.

 (more examples...)

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

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Expressions: Alloy

Expressions using "alloy": alloy 11 alloy 200/226 alloy 203/225 alloy cast iron alloy element alloy iron Alloy steel alloy transistor alluminium alloy aluminium alloy aluminum alloy casting alloy copper alloy ferrous alloy fineness of alloy fusible alloy hard alloy heat treatable alloy high strength low alloy steels lead alloy Newton's alloy nickel alloy pleasure without alloy pyrophoric alloy remelt alloy secondary alloy unalloyed aluminium and aluminium alloy gas cylinders white alloy without alloy Wood's alloy wrought alloy zinc alloy. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "alloy": alloy-diffused, alloy-junction.

Ending with "alloy": all-alloy, copper-alloy.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Alloy

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
  ExpressionFrequency
per Day

  alloy

2,174

  alloy wheel

36

  alloy wheels

688

  alloy rolled

33

  eagle alloy

344

  copper alloy

32

  eagle alloy wheels

186

  alloy wheel repair

31

  alloy online

96

  american eagle alloy

30

  aluminum alloy

89

  zinc alloy

29

  alloy rim

82

  nickel alloy

29

  metal alloy

59

  welding alloy

27

  universal alloy

58

  alloy steel forgings

26

  titanium alloy

53

  aluminum casting alloy

26

  eagle alloy rim

53

  ace alloy wheels

24

  alloy light wheels

47

  alloy quiz

24

  alloy magazine

46

  used alloy wheels

23

  alloy fresh

44

  alloy platinum resembles that

23

  limited alloy wheels

44

  dental alloy

22

  alloy clothing

43

  alloy clothes

22

  alloy steel

42

  bmw alloy wheels

21

  alloy light

41

  alloy xtreme

21

  alloy wheels uk

39

  brazing alloy

19

  shape memory alloy

38

  alloy com

19
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Alloy

Language Translations for "alloy"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Afrikaan

  

allooi, alliasie. (various references)

   

Albanian

  

aliazh, prish (annul, baffle, blast, blow, botch, break, cancel, collapse, consume, corrode, corrupt, damn, darken, debase, debauch, deface, deflower, denounce, deprave, derogate, destroy, deteriorate, disarrange, disestablish, dissipate, dissolve, fester, fritter, frustrate, go, gum up, infringe, injure, mammock, mess, misguide, misspend, nip, obliterate, pervert, pollute, pull down, quash, queer, rot, ruin, shatter, sophisticate, spend, split, spoil, stymie, take away, thwack, trouble, undo, unmake, unsettle, upset, violate, vitiate, warp, wear, wreck, zap), përziej (admix, adulterate, attemper, beat, blend, commingle, compound, confound, conglomerate, dash, drag in, embark, emulsify, implicate, intermingle, intermix, jumble, knead, malaxate, mingle, mix, shuffle, stir), lidh në aliazh. (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏مريج, ‏زيف (adulterate, artificiality, counterfeit, doctor, fabricate, fake, falsify, falsity, forge, imitate, mockery, sham), ‏خليط معدني, ‏خلط المعادن, ‏خلط (admix, blending, confusion, jumble, metis, mingle, mix, mix up, mixing, mixture, scramble, shuffle), ‏الأشابة, ‏أشب. (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

смесвам (admix, agglomerate, amalgamate, blend, combine, commingle, compound, concrete, fuse, incorporate, interfuse, intermingle, intermix, knead, lump, lump together, merge, mingle, mix, mix up), смесица (amalgam, farrago, gallimaufry, gumbo, intermixture, mash, melange, mess, miscellany, mixture, motley, olio, omnium gatherum, patchwork), смес (admixture, amalgam, commixture, composite, compound, fusion, infusion, intermixture, medley, melange, miscellany, mix, mixture), сплав (composition metal, fusion), развалям (bitch, blunder, break up, change, contaminate, corrupt, deprave, disaffirm, injure, louse up, mangle, mess about, mess around, muddle, murder, mutilate, nip, perish, queer, spoil, uglify, undo, vitiate), влошавам (aggravate, deteriorate, exacerbate, exaggerate, make worse, worsen), легиран, правя сплав, примес (admixture, adulterant, dash, dross, impurity, infusion, intermixture, touch), помрачавам (bedim, cloud, darken, dim, dull, dusk, eclipse, nip, obfuscate, obscure, overshadow, shade, shadow, trouble), подправка (condiment, counterfeit, doctor, flavoring, flavouring, forgery, herb, imitation, relish, sauce, seasoning, spice). (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

合金. (various references)

   

Czech

  

slitina. (various references)

   

Danish

  

legering (alloy 11). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

legering, metaalmengsel, alliage. (various references)

   

Esperanto

  

alojo, kunfandaĵo. (various references)

   

Faeroese

  

málmbland. (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

معتدل کردن (Season, Temper), ماخذ (Basis, Datum, Source), ترکیب فلزبافلزگرانبها, عیارزدن , عیار (Carat, Rover), الیاژفلزمرکب , الودگی (Impurity, Pollution, Squalor, Stain, Sully), شاءبه , درجه (Degree, Gauge, Gradation, Grade, Length, Mark, Measure, Peg, Point, Proportion, Stair, Step, Thermometer). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

seos (charge, mix, mixture), lejeerinki. (various references)

   

French

  

alliage (alloying). (various references)

   

German

  

Legierung (alloying), Metallegierung, legieren (merge, thicken, to alloy). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

κράμα (blend, temper). (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

מס', לס'ס', ס'סו'ת, תך. (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

ötvözet (amalgam). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

kadar (amalgam, character, command, degree, gauge, God's will, level, quality), campuran (admixture, amalgam, assortment, blend, composite, concoction, interference, intervention, mash, meddling, medley, mixture). (various references)

   

Italian

  

lega (alliance, cartel, combine, confederacy, league, union, waistband). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

合金 . (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

"うき" (sleeping together). (various references)

   

Korean 

  

합금 (Alloying). (various references)

   

Manx

  

jannoo coveain jeh (alloy metal), co-veain (alloy metal). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

alloyay

   

Portuguese

  

liga (bind, bond, coalition, combine, fusion, garter, league, suspender, tie, union). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

altera (adulterate, alter, change, corrupt, counterfeit, deprave, distort, forge, spoil, taint), aliaj (mixed metal), alia (ally, partner), adaos (accession, addendum, addition, adjunct, adjunction, admixture, amplification, annex, appendage, appendix, attachment, augmentation, codicil, increase, make-weight, rider, rise, schedule, sequel, supplement), standard (norm, standard), probã (argument, assay, attempt, audition, check up, control, event, examination, exemplar, go, instance, pattern, probation, proof, sample, specimen, test, trial, try, verification, witness). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

сплав (alligation, drive, fusion, fuss). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

topiti (found, liquate, melt, render), mešati (blend, jumble, mingle, mix, puddle, rabble, shuffle, stir), legura. (various references)

   

Spanish

  

aleación (composition metal), alear. (various references)

   

Swedish

  

legering (alligation, alloying). (various references)

   

Turkish

  

alaxim (admixture, mixture), alaşım hazırlamak, alaşım (amalgamation, composite, compound), karışım yapmak, karışım (admixture, amalgam, amalgamation, blend, combo, commixture, concoction, farrago, hodgpodge, hotchpotch, intermixture, medley, melange, mix, mixture, potpourri), kaliteyi düşüren şey, halíta, değerini düşürmek (attenuate, bemean, cheap, cheapen, damage, debase, depreciate, detract, devaluate, devalue), değeri azaltan şey, bozmak (abash, abolish, adulterate, affect, annihilate, annul, baffle, ball up, barbarize, bedevil, blemish, botch, break, break down, break off, break on, bugger, bugger up, bust, cash, change, circumvent, confound, confuse, contaminate, corrupt, cross, damage, debase, debauch, decay, declare off, deface, defile, destroy, deteriorate, disappoint, disarray, discolor, discolour, discomfit, discomfort, discompose, discountenance, dislocate, dismount, disorder, disrupt, dissolve, distort, disturb, downgrade, emasculate, embarrass, embroil, exchange, explode, fluff, foil, foul, foul up, fumble, garble, goof, goof up, gum up, Harry, impair, indispose, infect, infringe, lead astray, leaven, mangle, Mar, mess, murder, muss, mutilate, obliterate, pervert, pollute, put out, put out of action, put to shame, quash, queer, rattle, reverse, rot, ruffle, ruin, scotch, scupper, shatter, sour, spoil, stymie, taint, thwart, tousle, tumble, undo, unmake, upset, violate, vitiate, whittle away, whittle down, whittle off, wreck). (various references)

   

Ukranian 

  

стоплювати, сплавляти (conflate, float, fuse), сплав, затьмарювати (begloom, blear, cloud, darken, eclipse, obfuscate, obscure, outdazzle, overcast, overcloud, overshade, overshadow, overtop, shade, shadow, shine down), лігатура (bind, ligature), псувати (bedevil, blemish, blight, blur, break, corrupt, cripple, debase, deface, deform, degrade, deprave, destroy, deteriorate, discount, disfigure, do for, envenom, erode, flaw, make miserable, mess, mismanage, muddle, muff, perish, prejudice, punish, queer, spoil, vitiate, waste), підмішувати (adulterate, put, weight), проба (analysis, approof, audition, countersign, hallmark, novitiate, plate-mark, proof, proving, taste, tasting, try out), домішка (addition, admixture, adulterant, impurity, intermixture, tinge), додавати домішку. (various references)

   

Vietnamese 

  

sự pha trộn (medley, mixture). (various references)

   

Welsh

  

aloi. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Alloy

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Old French900-1400

aleier. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Alloy

Derivations

Words beginning with "alloy": alloyed, alloying, alloys. (additional references)

Words ending with "alloy": superalloy. (additional references)

Words containing "alloy": superalloys, unalloyed. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Alloy" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: abloy, Aello, Alcoy, Alfy, aliya, alkoxy, allavy, alliby, allii, Allio, alloa, alloc, alloe, allof, alloj, alloym, alloyn, Allwyn, allyl, alo, aloc, alod, aloey, aloi, alol, aloll, Alor, alov, alox, aloy, Alroy, altoy, alty, arloy, ello, Ellory, illo, Lalo, ralloy, Ulloo. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Anagrams: Alloy

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Direct Anagrams: loyal.

Words within the letters "a-l-l-o-y"

-1 letter: ally, olla.

-2 letters: all, lay.

-3 letters: al, ay, la, lo, oy, ya, yo.

 Words containing the letters "a-l-l-o-y"
 

+1 letter: alloys, orally, ovally.

 

+2 letters: allonym, alloyed, aloofly, callboy, focally, loathly, locally, lovably, loyaler, loyally, loyalty, modally, morally, nodally, payroll, rollway, royally, sallowy, tallboy, tallowy, tallyho, tollway, tonally, totally, vocally, zonally.

 

+3 letters: aborally, algology, allegory, allogamy, allonyms, allotype, allotypy, alloying, amorally, anodally, atonally, ballyhoo, callboys, chorally, clonally, coevally, coitally, collyria, cyclonal, disloyal, dorsally, florally, formally, globally, jovially, ladylove, lobately, locality, lollygag, loveably, loyalest, loyalism, loyalist, molality, mortally, normally, nounally, oblately, ocularly, payrolls, polygala, postally, rollaway, rollways, sailorly, sallowly, socially, tallboys, tallyhos, tollways, tomalley, violably.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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Alternative Orthography: Alloy


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

41 6C 6C 6F 79

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

.-    .-..    .-..    ---    -.--.

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01000001 01101100 01101100 01101111 01111001

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#65 &#108 &#108 &#111 &#121

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0041 006C 006C 006F 0079

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

3578788191

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Commercial
5. Images: Photo Album
6. Quotations: Familiar
7. Quotations: Fiction
8. Quotations: Non-fiction
9. Usage Frequency
10. Names: Company Usage
11. Expressions
12. Expressions: Internet
13. Translations: Modern
14. Translations: Ancient
15. Derivations
16. Anagrams
17. Orthography
18. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.