Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: ADD |
ADDNoun1. A condition (mostly in boys) characterized by behavioral and learning disorders. Verb1. Make an addition (to); join with others; increase by another or several; "We added two students to that dorm room"; "She added a personal note to her letter"; "Add insult to injury". 2. State or say further; " `It doesn't matter,' " he supplied". 3. Of a quality, as in: "Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company"; "The music added a lot to the play"; "She brings a special atmosphere to our meetings"; "This adds a light note to the program". 4. Make an addition by combining numbers; "Add 27 and 49, please!". 5. Determine the sum of; "Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town". 6. Constitute an addition; "This paper will add to her reputation". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "ADD" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1200. (references) |
Note: Add \Add\, transitive verb. [imperfect & past participle. Added; Adding.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Census | A housing unit whose address was not on the Census Bureau's initial Decennial Master Address File, and that was retained in the final decennial census inventory. Adds can be found during block canvassing, address listing, Local Update of Census Addresses operations, update/leave, urban update/leave, update/enumerate, list/enumerate, Nonresponse Followup, and Coverage Improvement Followup field operations, as well as from the Be Counted and Telephone Questionnaire Assistance operations. (references) |
Computing | A machine operation provided for control of gates in an adder system. Source: European Union. (references) |
Military | In artillery and naval gunfire support, a correction used by an observer/spotter to indicate that an increase in range along a spotting line is desired. (references) |
Military & Defense | In artillery and naval gun-fire support, a correction used by an observer/spotter to indicate that an increase in range along a spotting line is desired. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Addition is one of the basic operations of arithmetic. Addition combines two or more numbers, the summands, into a single number, the sum. (If there are only two terms, the summands are the augend and addend respectively.) For a definition of addition in the natural numbers, see Addition in N.
See also: counting
Important properties
When adding finitely many numbers, it doesn't matter how you group the numbers and in which order you add them; you will always get the same result. (See Associativity and Commutativity.) If you add zero to any number, the quantity won't change; zero is the identity element for addition. The sum of any number and its additive inverse (in contexts where such a thing exists) is zero.
Notation
If the terms are all written out individually, then addition is written using the plus sign ("+"). Thus, the sum of 1, 2, and 4 is 1 + 2 + 4 = 7. If the terms are not written out individually, then the sum may be written with an ellipsis to mark out the missing terms. Thus, the sum of all the natural numbers from 1 to 100 is 1 + 2 + ... + 99 + 100.
Alternatively, the sum can be represented by the summation symbol, which is the capital Sigma. This is defined as:
The subscript gives the symbol for a dummy variable, i. Here, i represents the index of summation; m is the lower bound of summation, and n is the upper bound of summation. So, for example:
One may also consider sums of infinitely many terms; these are called infinite series. Notationally, we would replace n above by the infinity symbol (∞). The sum of such a series is defined as the limit of the sum of the first n terms, as n grows without bound. That is:
One can similarly replace m with negative infinity, and
for some integer m, provided both limits exist.
Relationships to other operations and constants
It's possible to add fewer than 2 numbers. If you add the single term x, then the sum is x.
If you add zero terms, then the sum is zero, because zero is the identity for addition. This is known as the empty sum. These degenerate cases are usually only used when the summation notation gives a degenerate result in a special case. For example, if m = n in the definition above, then there is only one term in the sum; if m = n + 1, then there is none.
Many other operations can be thought of as generalised sums. If a single term x appears in a sum n times, then the sum is nx, the result of a multiplication. If n is not a natural number, then the multiplication may still make sense, so that we have a sort of notion of adding a term, say, two and a half times.
A special case is multiplication by -1, which leads to the concept of the additive inverse, and to subtraction, the inverse operation to addition.
The most general version of these ideas is the linear combination, where any number of terms are included in the generalised sum any number of times.
Useful sums
The following are useful identities:
The mathematics, behind this first identity, were demonstrated by Carl Friedrich Gauss, during the 18th Century
In general, the sum of the first n mth powers is
- (see geometric series);
- (see binomial coefficient);
where is the kth Bernoulli number.
The following are useful approximations (using theta notation):
- for every real constant c other than -1;
- for every real constant c other than 1;
- for every nonnegative real constant c;
- for all nonnegative real constants c and d;
- for all nonnegative real constants b > 1, c, d.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Addition."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders among children. According to sources such as the CDC, the causes are currently unknown. There is no single medical test that can accurately diagnose ADHD, though there are assessment tools.
The authoritative definition of ADHD is to be found in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (Text Revision) (DSM-IV-TR), which also defines three subtypes of ADHD:
Further details about diagnosis are given below in the section on Symptoms.
- Predominantly Inattentive
- Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive
- Combined Type
The name Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) was first introduced in DSM-III, the 1980 edition. In DSM-III-R, published in 1987, the name was in effect changed to ADHD.
Older names that have been used for ADHD or ADD include hyperkinetic syndrome (HKS) and minimal cerebral dysfunction (MCD). ADHD is sometimes called attention-deficit syndrome (ADS) to avoid the connotations of "disorder".
According to the 2000 edition of DSM-IV-TR, ADHD affects three to seven percent of all children in the U.S. However, rates of diagnosis vary widely even within the U.S. In some school districts as many as 60% of all children have been diagnosed with ADHD.
Two to three or four times more boys than girls are diagnosed with ADHD, but the causes of this gender disparity are also unknown.
Today ADHD is considered to be a problem all over the industrialized world, although in no other country are children diagnosed with this "disorder" nearly as often as in the United States.
The variation in the rates of diagnosis and in estimates of the rate of prevalence raises numerous issues. In fact, almost everything about ADHD has been the subject of intense debate, as discussed later in this article. This debate led the NIH to develop a Consensus Statement in 1998, a link to which is provided in the External Links section below.
ADHD often continues into adolescence and adulthood, and can cause a lifetime of frustrated dreams and emotional pain. However, children diagnosed with ADHD often go on to live normal lives, and wonder why their parents and schools felt the need to medicate them.
According to some recent studies, ADHD is an inheritable dysfunction of dopamine metabolism mainly in the frontostriatal region of the human brain. New studies consider the possibility that norepinephrine metabolism also affects this disorder (see Krause, Dresel, Krause in Psycho 26/2000 p.199ff). One should note that almost all of the latest studies have been sponsored by drug companies.
DISCLAIMER
- Please remember that Wikipedia is offered for informational use only. The information in most cases is not reviewed by professionals. You are advised to contact your doctor for health-related decisions.
Symptoms
A diagnosis of ADHD is made based on a checklist of symptoms that can be found in DSM-IV-TR. A hyperlink to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) web page summarizing these criteria is given in the External Links section below. The CDC emphasizes that a diagnosis of ADHD should only be made by trained health care providers. This is important as many of the criteria can be readily misinterpreted.
- In children the disorder is characterised by inattentiveness, impulsive behavior and restlessness.
- In adults the main problem is often their inability to structure their lives and plan simple daily tasks. Thus inattentiveness and restlessness often become secondary problems.
Evidence for ADHD as an organic phenomenon
Brain imaging research using a technique called magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown that differences exist between the brains of children with and without ADHD. Many scientists consider these results to be significant in themselves, but in addition PET studies have shown that there might be a link between a person's ability to pay continued attention and the use of glucose - the body's major fuel - in the brain. In adults with ADHD, the brain areas that control attention use less glucose and appear to be less active, suggesting that a lower level of activity in some parts of the brain may cause inattention (Zametkin et al.). However, there is no evidence that this low level of glucose in fact causes the low level of attention; it could in fact be no more than an indicator for low attention. Maybe even more interesting are the results of some studies using SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography). One study (Lou et al. in Arch. Neurol. 46(1989) 48-52) found that people with ADHD have a reduced blood circulation in the striatum. But even more important might be the discovery that people with ADHD seem to have a significantly higher concentration of dopamine transporters in the striatum (Dougherty et al. in Lancet 354 (1999) 2132-2133; Dresel et al. in Eur.J.Nucl.Med. 25 (1998) 31-39).
Is ADHD inherited?
According to the NIMH Q&A cited below:
Research shows that ADHD tends to run in families, so there are likely to be genetic influences. Children who have ADHD usually have at least one close relative who also has ADHD. And at least one-third of all fathers who had ADHD in their youth have children with ADHD. Even more convincing of a possible genetic link is that when one twin of an identical twin pair has the disorder, the other is likely to have it too.
Treatment
There are many options available to treat people diagnosed with ADHD. These options include a variety of medications such as Ritalin, behavior-changing therapies, and educational interventions.
Data from 1995 show that physicians treating children and adolescents wrote six million prescriptions for stimulants. Of all the drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders in children, stimulant medications are the most well-studied. However, to date there are no good long-term studies dealing with stimulants in children. A 1998 Consensus Development Conference on ADHD sponsored by the National Institutes of Health and a recent, comprehensive, scientific report confirmed many earlier studies showing that short-term use of stimulants is safe and effective for children with ADHD. This says nothing for the growing number of children who are on stimulants for years at a time.
In December 1999, NIMH released the results of a study of nearly 600 elementary school children, ages seven-to-nine, which evaluated the safety and relative effectiveness of the leading treatments for ADHD for a period up to fourteen months. The results indicate that the use of stimulants alone is more effective than behavioral therapies in controlling the core symptoms of ADHD - inattention, hyperactivity/impulsiveness, and aggression. In other areas of functioning, such as anxiety symptoms, academic performance, and social skills, the combination of stimulant use with intensive behavioral therapies was consistently more effective. (Of note, families and teachers reported somewhat higher levels of satisfaction for those treatments that included the behavioral therapy components.) NIMH researchers will continue to track these children into adolescence to evaluate the long-term outcomes of these treatments, and ongoing reports will be published. This study has been severely criticized, as it was not double-blind and the sponsors failed to provide a control group.
There has been a lot of interesting work done with biofeedback and ADHD. Children are taught, using video game-like technology, how to control their brain waves. This has a very high success rate, but is not widely used, or covered by insurance. It does not meet the standards for a quick-fix, which is what most people involved with ADHD children are looking for. Dietary and television restrictions are also sometimes useful environmental solutions. Sugar, wheat, and other foodstuffs have been shown to cause adverse behavioral reactions. And TV can be seen as encouraging ADHD attention spans with their fast paced layout.
Positive aspects
Though ADHD is classified as a serious disorder, many people have a different perspective. Some see it as a gift. In his book ADD - Attention Deficit Disorder (1997), Thom Hartmann developed the idea that people having ADHD symptoms may have simply inherited a collection of genes that were selected for when hunting was particularly important. This idea is the basis of another of his works, The Edison Gene: ADHD and the Gift of the Hunter Child (2003).
People who believe that ADHD is a gift find hints of ADHD in the lives of many famous people in history. Though such post mortem diagnosis is questionable, it is intriguing to ponder the evidence that people such as Thomas Edison might have been diagnosed as having ADHD if the current DSM criteria had been developed sufficiently long ago. Other historical figures who have been proposed as ADHD candidates include: Hans Christian Andersen, Ludwig van Beethoven, Winston Spencer Churchill, Walt Disney, Benjamin Franklin, Robert and John F. Kennedy, Adolf Hitler,Theodore Roosevelt, Jules Verne and the Wright brothers.
Some contemporary ADHD candidates have also been proposed, including George W. Bush, William J. Clinton, Whoopi Goldberg and Dustin Hoffman.
To see ADHD as a gift may seem somewhat problematic to anxious parents but it is at least a perspective that should be kept in mind.
Skepticism towards ADHD as a diagnosis
Critics have complained that the ADHD diagnostic criteria are sufficiently general or vague to allow most children with persistent unwanted behaviors to be classified as having ADHD of one type or another. Many people have wondered why the number of children diagnosed with ADHD in the U.S. has grown so dramatically over a short period of time. It has often been suggested that the causes of the ADHD epidemic lie in cultural patterns that variously encourage or sanction the use of drugs. Some people have asked whether many of the kids who are put on drugs wouldn't be better off with a little more love and attention.
Some critics have suggested that the ADHD label should be abolished. No doubt, as causes and cures are better understood, better labels will in time be found.
Psychological Testing for ADHD
Psychological testing generally consists of obtaining multiple types of assessments for the syndrome. This usually includes a clinical interview reviewing the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD. The interview also needs to rule out as much as possible other types of syndromes which can cause attention problems, such as depression, anxiety, and psychosis. Rating scales can be administered which provide measurement of the person's own view of their symptoms, as well as the views of parents, teachers, and significant others. Finally, computerized tests of attention can be helpful in providing a further independent assessment of attention. These different assessments may not be in total agreement but provide a well rounded view of the person's difficulties. A physician need not order psychological testing in order to make the diagnosis of ADHD, but many doctors use this kind of assessment to prevent over diagnosis and treatment.
External links
- DSM-IV-TR Criteria for ADHD
- NIH Consensus Statement, 1998
- NIMH Q&A
- A skeptical view of ADHD
- http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/default.htm
- http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/adhd.cfm (a public domain resource)
- http://www.ADHS.info/ (German)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
ADD | Danish | Tilføjelse til katalogoplysningstræet | Computing |
ADD | Dutch | Aanvaardbare dagelijkse inname | N/A |
ADD | English | Abstracts of Declassified Documents | N/A |
ADD | Portuguese | Adiciona | Computing |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: ADDSynonyms: attention deficit disorder (n), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (n), hyperkinetic syndrome (n), minimal brain damage (n), minimal brain dysfunction (n), add together (v), add up (v), append (v), bestow (v), bring (v), contribute (v), impart (v), lend (v), sum (v), sum up (v), summate (v), supply (v), tally (v), tot (v), tot up (v), total (v), tote up (v). (additional references) |
| Antonyms: subtract (v), take away (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Addition | Verb: add, annex, affix, superadd, subjoin, superpose; clap on, saddle on; tack to, append, tag; ingraft; saddle with; sprinkle; introduce; (interpose); insert. |
Aggravation | Add fuel to the fire, add fuel to the flame; fan the flame; (excite); go from bad to worse; (deteriorate). |
Calefaction | Fire; set fire to, set on fire; kindle, enkindle, light, ignite, strike a light; apply the match to, apply the torch to; rekindle, relume; fan the flame, add fuel to the flame; poke the fire, stir the fire, blow the fire; make a bonfire of. |
Increase | Verb: increase, augment, add to, enlarge; dilate; (expand); grow, wax, get ahead. gain strength; advance; run up, shoot up; rise; ascend; sprout. |
Aggrandize; raise, exalt; deepen, heighten; strengthen; intensify, enhance, magnify, redouble; aggravate, exaggerate; exasperate, exacerbate; add fuel to the flame, oleum addere camino, superadd; (add); spread; (disperse). | |
Numeration | Verb: number, count, tally, tell; call over, run over; take an account of, enumerate, muster, poll, recite, recapitulate; sum; sum up, cast up; tell off, score, cipher, compute, calculate, suppute, add, subtract, multiply, divide, extract roots. algebraize. |
Amount to, add up to, come to. | |
Pain | Haunt the memory; weigh on the heart, prey on the heart, weigh on the mind, prey on the mind, weigh on the spirits, prey on the spirits; bring one's gray hairs with sorrow to the grave; add a nail to one's coffin. |
Resentment | Cause anger, raise anger; affront, offend; give offense, give umbrage; anger; hurt the feelings; insult, discompose, fret, ruffle, nettle, huff, pique; excite; irritate, stir the blood, stir up bile; sting, sting to the quick; rile, provoke, chafe, wound, incense, inflame, enrage, aggravate, add fuel to the flame, fan into a flame, widen the breach, envenom, embitter, exasperate, infuriate, kindle wrath; stick in one's gizzard; rankle &e.; hit on the raw, rub on the raw, sting on the raw, strike on the raw. |
Violence | Render violent; Adjective: sharpen, stir up, quicken, excite, incite, annoy, urge, lash, stimulate, turn on; irritate, inflame, kindle, suscitate, foment; accelerate, aggravate, exasperate, exacerbate, convulse, infuriate, madden, lash into fury; fan the flame; add fuel to the flame, pour oil on the fire, oleum addere camino. |
Water | Add water, water, wet; moisten; dilute, dip, immerse; merge; immerge, submerge; plunge, souse, duck, drown; soak, steep, macerate, pickle, wash, sprinkle, lave, bathe, affuse, splash, swash, douse, drench; dabble, slop, slobber, irrigate, inundate, deluge; syringe, inject, gargle. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: ADD |
| English words defined with "ADD": add on, add up. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "ADD": ADD 1 TO COBOL GIVING COBOL ♦ Zero and Add Packed. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "ADD": ullage. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | You can add Sabastian's name to my list of playmates (Notorious; writing credit: Ben Hecht) Oh good, I wanted to add theft, endangerment and insanity to the list of things I did today (Lilo & Stitch; writing credit: Chris Sanders) To avoid widespread confusion, Welsh people often add an occupation to a name (The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a ; writing credit: Christopher Monger.) You did remember to take out an add in 'Adulterers Weekly' (Sliding Doors; writing credit: Peter Howitt.) It is years, Your Grace, since I buggered a boy And in my own defense, I must add, I thought him a girl at the moment of entry (Rob Roy; writing credit: Alan Sharp) | |
Lyrics | Hmm, let's add up all the factors (Party Up; performing artist: DMX) To add to my collection, the selection (Nuthin But A "G" Thang; performing artist: Dr. Dre) They add to your confusion (Something About You; performing artist: Level 42) And you add those ones to the three, (New Math; performing artist: Tom Lehrer) | |
Clever | I tried to be a chef--figured it would add a little spice to my life, but I just didn't have the thyme. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Add Boiling Water (2002) Just Add Water (1998) Add & Mabel's Punkin Center (1984) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Theater & Movies |
| ||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Fishing heritage used to add atmosphere to a development. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Draft horses bring woody debris to add complexity to the stream to improve spawning habitat at the Glade Bekken restoration site. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
 | A manure slurry is applied to this field to help manage the animal waste and to add nutrients to the soil. Credit: Tim McCabe. |  | A farmstead windbreak and a native grass filter strip, both considered conservation buffers, add beauty and protection to a farm in Carroll County, Iowa. Credit: Lynn Betts. |
 | When you add it all up, peanuts aren't just peanuts-they're quite an important crop. The United States produces between 3 and 4 billion pounds of peanuts annually, and about 40 percent of these go into processed foods, from salted peanuts, candy, crackers, and cookies to peanut butter. They're a major source of vegetable oil too. P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Scott Bauer.. |  | Railroads add to air pollution ... / [U.S. Public Health Service photo]. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
 | An Old Man Carving A Hoe Handle : Exercises Help To Add Life To Years. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | Club life in America. The Audubon birdwatchers add a scarlet tanager to their list. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Near Tulare, California, U.S. 99. See general caption. Used car lots and auto wrecking establishments add to the litter which fronts this highway. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Farmstead on land which owner of the farm, Ernest W. Kirk Jr., FSA (Farm Security Administration) client, rents at present and is contemplating buying, so that he may add these eight acres to those forty which are already cultivated by Mr. Kirk. Mr. Kirk. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Random 3" by A D Commentary: "Darken and add more contrast: becomes very striking. I would've done it for you, but I'm too lazy." | "David Lights Up" by Shawn Sutherland Commentary: "No photo-editing involved other than to brighten and add depth. My digital camera does odd things when there's not enough light. This is a photo of David lighting up. Kind of arty." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Alexander Solzhenitsyn | Everything you add to the truth subtracts from the truth. |
Author Unknown | If your sword's too short, add to its length by taking one step forward. |
Baltasar Gracian | Little said is soon amended. There is always time to add a word, never to withdraw one. |
Cicero | To add a library to a house is to give that house a soul. |
Epicurus | If thou wilt make a man happy, add not unto his riches but take away from his desires. |
Henry James | Which of you with taking thought can add to his stature one cubit? |
Hesiod | If you add a little to a little and do this often, soon the little will become great. |
Jean De La BruyFre | The giving is the hardest part; what does it cost to add a smile? |
Sir William Osler | We are here to add what we can to life, not to get what we can from it. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | To which if we add the variety of opinions, and contrariety of interests, which unavoidably happen in all collections of men, the coming into society upon such terms would be only like Cato's coming into the theatre, only to go out again. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Abraham Lincoln | 1863 | The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. (The Gettysburg Address) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The Conference may add to any committees which it appoints technical experts, who shall be assessors without power to vote. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | He talked of Harriet, and praised her so warmly, that she could not suppose any thing wanting which a little time would not add. |
Tangled Tale | Carroll, Lewis | Here we simply double the French marks, and add as before |
Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency | Douglas Adams | A quality, I might add, that it shares with this soup. |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | We have but little to add to what the reader already knows, concerning what had happened to Jean Valjean, since his adventure with Petit Gervais |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | Add sulphur and tannic acid |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | Put the meal into the trough, add water gradually, and knead it thoroughly |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Add quick-relief medicines. (references) | |
All of these foods add to your fluid intake. (references) | ||
Fatigue may also add to processing difficulties. (references) | ||
Business | These usually add about 30-35 percent to the basic wage cost. (references) | |
These additional charges add substantially to the official tariff rate. (references) | ||
The agreement will add the kingdom to a list of 11 other countries already online. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Pakistan | No judicial action is required to add a name to the ECL; those named have the right to appeal to the Secretary of Interior and, if refused, to the Advocate General of the senior judiciary. (references) |
Russia | The law envisions a maximum period of delay under normal circumstances of 5 years, and it grants the interagency Commission on Secrecy the right to add an additional 5-year term to the period of delay if the Commission finds that a person had access to particularly sensitive materials. (references) | |
Economic History | Ukraine | Low salaries add to the problem. (references) |
Human Rights | Mexico | Court officials may add notarized documents that are not authenticated into the case file. (references) |
Colombia | The Government already had completed, had under construction, or had contracted to add 10,600 beds at the end of the year. (references) | |
Political Economy | URUGUAY | Bureaucratic delays also add to the cost of imports, although importers report that a "de-bureaucratization" commission has improved matters. (references) |
Political Rights | Bangladesh | Women are free to contest any seat in Parliament, and in August, both the Awami League and the BNP agreed in principle to add at least 60 women's seats to the existing 300 in Parliament. (references) |
Turkey | In August Deputy Prime Minister Yilmaz was criticized strongly by the military and some other party leaders for statements that politicians, not the NSC, should define the limits of "national security." In October Parliament passed a constitutional amendment to add more civilian members to the NSC and revise the description of its function to underline its advisory capacity; however, the amendment had not been implemented by year's end. (references) | |
Trade | Jamaica | An additional 40,000 square feet was recently completed and plans are being made to add an additional 63,000 square feet. (references) |
Travel | Vietnam | Hotels also tend to add high surcharges to telephone and fax service. (references) |
Ghana | Add extra salt to your food to replace what your body loses in perspiration. (references) | |
Kazakhstan | An experienced and competent interpreter can add invaluable context to your business meetings. (references) | |
Women | Cyprus | The wife may retain her surname but must add the husband's surname. (references) |
Worker Rights | Hungary | Parliament has amended the Penal Code to add a trafficking law that provides penalties commensurate with those for rape. (references) |
Mexico | Employer costs for these benefits add from approximately 27 percent of payroll at marginal enterprises to over 100 percent at major firms with good union contracts. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | RICHES, n. A gift from Heaven signifying, "This is my beloved son, in whom I am well pleased." John D. Rockefeller The reward of toil and virtue. J.P. Morgan The sayings of many in the hands of one. Eugene Debs To these excellent definitions the inspired lexicographer feels that he can add nothing of value. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Don Hewitt | I'd like to do more of the same better. I'd like to add Bob Simon as a regular. I'd like to add Christiane Amanpour as a regular, which means take her away from here. |
Gloria Allred | I might add that Megan's Law is presently being challenged before the United States Supreme Court. And I can only hope and pray that it will be upheld. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | I add with pleasure that the probability even of their civilization is not diminished by the experiments which have been thus far made under the auspices of Government. |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | To avoid this waste of our resources it is proposed to add to our navy-yard here a dock within which our present vessels may be laid up dry and under cover from the sun. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | Such an amendment would add but little to the amount of pensions, and is called for by the sympathies of the people as well as by considerations of sound policy. |
Abraham Lincoln | 1861-1865 | The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. |
Warren G. Harding | 1921-1923 | Any wild experiment will only add to the confusion. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | We have learned that proper conservation of our lands, including our forests and minerals, and wise management of our waters will add immensely to our national wealth. |
Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 | At the end of World War II, we turned a similar challenge into an historic opportunity and, I might add, an historic achievement. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | Proposals like legislative veto and increased judicial review will add another layer to the regulatory process, making it more cumbersome and inefficient. |
George Bush | 1989-1993 | Let me add that Private Markwell was among the first to see battle in Panama, and among the first to fall. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | In return for receiving federal money, states must design accountability systems to measure whether students are learning to read and write and add and subtract. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "ADD" is generally used as a lexical verb (infinitive) -- approximately 53.48% of the time. "ADD" is used about 8,229 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 53.48% | 4,401 | 2,224 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 46.31% | 3,811 | 2,562 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.17% | 14 | 93,893 |
| Unclassified Items | 0.04% | 3 | 202,518 |
| Total | 100.00% | 8,229 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "ADD": add 1 TO COBOL GIVING COBOL ♦ add a nail to one's coffin ♦ add a new dimension to ♦ add a personal touch ♦ add a soundtrack to ♦ add a superstructure ♦ add a taste of salt ♦ add alcohol to ♦ add fat ♦ add fuel to ♦ add fuel to the fire ♦ add fuel to the flame ♦ add in ♦ add insult to injury ♦ add more salt ♦ add on ♦ add on security ♦ add salt ♦ add spice ♦ add to ♦ add to one's credit ♦ add together ♦ add up ♦ add up to ♦ add vigour ♦ add vinegar ♦ add water ♦ add weight to ♦ add zest to ♦ logical add ♦ not to add ♦ zero and Add Packed. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "ADD": Add-a-plane, add-ed, add-in, add-ins, add-list, add-listed, add-on, add-ons, add-to, add-up, add-ups, add-value. | |
Ending with "ADD": value-add. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
add | 2,251 | add symptom | 107 |
adult add | 1,142 | add remove program | 102 |
add aware | 742 | the sims add ons | 93 |
add url | 640 | add anything can meaning please | 89 |
add keyword search | 281 | add remove plus | 82 |
add adult test | 274 | excel add on | 77 |
add remove | 243 | add adult test.com | 69 |
add adhd | 211 | excel add ins | 69 |
aim add ons | 207 | add a room | 65 |
msn messenger add ons | 199 | add in adult | 65 |
just add water | 194 | truck add ons | 63 |
add test | 190 | web site add ons | 61 |
add deck | 187 | add to directory | 60 |
free add url | 168 | add treatment | 60 |
add medication | 158 | add user | 59 |
add site | 131 | add ins | 58 |
add child | 125 | add screen name | 58 |
add msn ons | 118 | add in | 58 |
add a link | 117 | add zapper | 57 |
add blocker | 114 | add music to your web page | 55 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "ADD"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | toevoeg, byvoeg. (various references) | |
Albanian | shtoj (add to, add up, advance, append, attach, augment, compound, count in, eke out, enclose, enhance, heighten, inclose, increase, intensify, intercalate, lend, multiply, propagate, put on, pyramid, raise, redouble, refill, subjoin, superinduce, supplement). (various references) | |
Arabic | زاد (augment, boost, compound, dispense with, enhance, extend, get dearer, grow, heighten, increase, jump, provisions, push up, put up with smth., supplement, swell, victuals), ضم (adjoin, annexation, apposition, close, combine, conjoin, conjunction, join, piece, piece together, subtend, take in), جمع (accumulate, addition, aggregate, ally, amass, assemblage, assemble, band, be gathered, cast, collect, collecting, collection, combination, combine, compile, compose, congregate, connecting, corral, embody, fund, gather, gathering, glean, go berrying, grouping, herd, ingathering, joining up, lump, marshal, muster, pickup, piece together, pile, pile up, pool, put together, raise, rake, rally, reap, round up, scratch, scratch together, stack, sum, sum up, summation, summing up, tot, total, totalize, unite, uniting), إينضاف, أضاف (add up to, affix, annex, append, guest, host, insert, reckon, schedule, subjoin, supplement, tack, tot). (various references) | |
Asturian | amestar (to add). (various references) | |
Basque | batu (add to). (various references) | |
Bemba | ukusansha (to add). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | събирам (accumulate, add together, add up, aggregate, amass, assemble, bring together, call forth, call together, club, collect, compile, congregate, cumulate, drum up, embody, enlist, foot, furl, garner, gather, get together, harvest, lump, lump together, mass, muster, muster up, pin down, pull together, punch, raise, rake, rake together, rake up, rally, reassemble, reunite, round up, run up, scare up, sum, sum up, swoop, total, totalize, whip in), разширявам (amplify, broach, broaden, dilate, distend, drift, enlarge, expand, full, push, stretch, widen), присъединявам (adjoin, affiliate, aggregate, annex, join, range, tag, unite), пристроявам, притурям (admix, append, subjoin, supplement, tail on), притурка (accompaniment, addendum, addition, adjunct, appendix, inset), прибавям (add in, add on, admix, affix, append, eke out, interpolate, join, put in, stick in, superadd, supplement, tack, tag, tail, tail on, take on, throw in), прибавка (accession, accompaniment, addendum, addition, affix, annex, annexe, appendage, appurtenant, augmentation, enlargement, insertion, inset, intercalation, supplement, tag). (various references) | |
Catalan | sumar (add up, count in). (various references) | |
Cebuano | modugang (to add). (various references) | |
Chinese | 增加 (Accession, Accrual, Added, Adding, increased, increasing, increment, incremental). (various references) | |
Cornish | keworra (to add). (various references) | |
Czech | přidat (tack). (various references) | |
Danish | tilføje, addere (add up, count in). (various references) | |
Dutch | optellen (add up, count in, sum up). (various references) | |
Ecuadorian Quechua | tantachina (to add). (various references) | |
Esperanto | alkonstrui, aldoni, adicii (add up), postmeti (affix). (various references) | |
Faeroese | telja saman (add up, count in), leggja saman (add up, count in, fold, join, unite), leggja afturat. (various references) | |
Farsi | زیادکردن (Augment, Enhance, Heighten, Increase, Propagate, Raise), جمع کردن (Agglomerate, Aggregate, Callup, Cluster, Collect, Constrict, Convene, Eke, Gather, Gross, Immobilize, In, Purse, Reef, Rollup, Total, Tote), جمع زدن , افزودن (Adjoin, Aggrandize, Amplify, Append, Augment, Eke, Enhance, Imp, Increase, Inset, Redouble), اضافه کردن (Aggravate, Surcharge), باهم پیوستن (Combine). (various references) | |
Finnish | lisätä (augment, bring ... up to, heighten, increase, intensify, supplement), laskea yhteen (add together, add up, count in). (various references) | |
French | ajouter, additionner (add up), rajouter (add on, additional, to add). (various references) | |
Frisian | bydwaan. (various references) | |
German | beifügen (attach, enclose, include, put onto), addieren (add up, count in, sum, sum up, to sum up), zufügen (activate, be added, cause, give rise to, inflict, to inflict), hinzufügen (add on, append, enclose, subjoin, to add, to add on, to subjoin), ergänzen (add to, amend, amplify, complement, complete, eke, expand, recruit, replenish, supplement, supply, to complement, to complete, to eke, to recruit, to supplement (with)). (various references) | |
Greek | προσθέτω (add to, add up, affix, subjoin, superinduce). (various references) | |
Hawaiian | shtoj (add up, count in). (various references) | |
Hebrew | לחבר (associate, bind, connect, join, link, piece, piece together, tie), להוסיף (append, redound, supplement), לצרף (affix, associate, attach, combine, join, tack, tag), הוסיף. (various references) | |
Hungarian | hozzáad (associated, put to, to add, to add up, to put on, to wed), összead (add up, count in, sum, sum up, to add, to ally, to foot up, to pool, to splice, to sum, to tot up, to total, to totalize, to wed, total, totalize). (various references) | |
Icelandic | bæta við. (various references) | |
Indonesian | menjumlahkan (sum), menambah (augment, enhance), membubuhkan (affix, append, attach), membilai (fill teeth, lengthen). (various references) | |
Inuktitut | ilaluni (to add). (various references) | |
Irish | suimigh (add up, count in). (various references) | |
Italian | aggiungere (annex, append, be added, join, put in, sketch in, subjoin, tag, throw in), sommare (all in all, all things considered, sum, tot up, total), addizionare (add up, addition, cast, sum, sum up). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 加算 (addition), 付け加え . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | つけくわえ, かさん (addition, caring for one's health, family property). (various references) | |
Kongo | ku-vuka (to add). ( |
