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Definition: Elementary |
ElementaryAdjective1. Easy and not involved or complicated; "an elementary problem in statistics"; "elementary, my dear Watson"; "a simple game"; "found an uncomplicated solution to the problem". 2. Of or being the essential or basic part; "an elementary need for love and nurturing". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "elementary" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1588. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In particle physics, an elementary particle refers to a particle of which other, larger particles are composed. For example, atoms are made up of smaller particles known as electrons, protons, and neutrons. The proton and neutron, in turn, are composed of more elementary particles known as quarks. One of the outstanding problems of particle physics is to find the most elementary particles - or the so-called fundamental particles - which make up all the other particles found in Nature, and are not themselves made up of smaller particles.
The Standard Model of particle physics contains 12 species of elementary fermions ("matter particles") and 12 species of elementary bosons ("radiation particles"), plus their corresponding antiparticles. However, the Standard Model is widely considered to be a provisional theory rather than a truly fundamental one, and it is possible that some or all of its "elementary" particles are actually composite particles. There might also be other elementary particles not described by the Standard Model, the most prominent being the graviton, the hypothetical particle that carryies the gravitational force.
See also
- Subatomic particle
- Particle physics
- List of particles
Links
- particleadventure.org: The Standard Model, Unsolved Mysteries. Beyond The Standard Model, What is the World Made of? The Naming of Quarks
- quarkdance.org ("Cute" dancing quarks with music)
- University of California: Particle Data Group
- particleadventure.org: Particle chart
- CERNCourier: Season of Higgs and melodrama
- 6 December, 2001, BBCNews: 'God particle may not exist Citat: "...its giant accelerator which should have shown up the presence of the Higgs found absolutely nothing - and this could mean particle physics having to revisit some of its most cherished ideas..."
- Milo Wolff: The Physical Origin of Electron Spin - using quantum wave particle structure Citat: "...The electron's structure, as well as its spin, had been a mystery. Providing a physical origin of spin for the first time is the purpose of this paper....note that spin, and other properties, are attributes of the underlying quantum space rather than of the individual particle. This is why spin, like charge, has only one value for all particles...This structure settles a century old paradox of whether particles are waves or point-like bits of matter. They are wave structures in space. There is nothing but space. As Clifford speculated 100 years ago, matter is simply, "undulations in the fabric of space". ..."
- Robert Rutkiewicz: Explaining Particle Spin
- Robert Rutkiewicz: Defining Mass Citat: "...The value of mass is not being redefined. But the concept of mass being a fundamental property is reviewed...A new physical law is postulated: All known particless are elements of momentum moving at a velocity c...This extension is based on special relativity and uses SR equation for mass..."
- The Physical Origin of Electron Spin - using quantum wave particle structure Citat: "...note that spin, and other properties, are attributes of the underlying quantum space rather than of the individual particle. This is why spin, like charge, has only one value for all particles...."
- Glimpses of a new paradigm. K.V.K. Nehru Citat: "...Dewey B. Larson introduces the new paradigm that motion is the basic and sole constituent of the physical universe, and space-time is the content—not the container—of the universe...", Dewey B. Larson (1898-1990)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Elementary particle."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Particle physics is a branch of physics that studies the elementary constituents of matter and radiations, and the interactions between them. It is also called high energy physics, because many elementary particles do not occur independently in Nature, and can only be detected during energetic collisions of larger particles, as is done in particle accelerators.
Modern particle physics research is focused on subatomic particles, which are smaller than atoms. These include atomic constituents such as electrons, protons, and neutrons (protons and neutrons are actually composite particles, made up of quarks), as well as particles produced by radiative and scattering processes, such as photons, neutrinos, and muons.
Strictly speaking, the term particle is something of a misnomer. The objects studied by particle physics obey the principles of quantum mechanics. As such, they exhibit wave-particle duality, displaying particle-like behavior under certain experimental conditions and wave-like behavior in others. Theoretically, they are described neither as waves nor as particles, but as state vectors in an abstract Hilbert space. For a more detailed explanation, see quantum field theory. Following the convention of particle physicists, we will use "elementary particles" to refer to objects such as electrons and photons, with the understanding that these "particles" display wave-like properties as well.
All the particles observed to date have been catalogued in a quantum field theory called the Standard Model, which is often regarded as particle physics' best achievement to date. The model contains 47 species of elementary particles, some of which can combine to form composite particles, accounting for the hundreds of other species of particles discovered since the 1960s. The Standard Model has been found to agree with almost all the experimental tests conducted to date. However, most particle physicists believe that it is an incomplete description of Nature, and that a more fundamental theory awaits discovery. In recent years, measurements of neutrino mass have provided the first experimental deviations from the Standard Model.
Particle physics has had a large impact on philosophy of science. The reductionist ideas that motivates much of the work in this field has been criticized by various philosophers and scientists. Part of the debate is described below.
History of particle physics
The idea that matter is composed on elementary particles dates to at least the 6th century BC. The philosophical doctrine of "atomism" was studied by ancient Greek philosophers such as Leucippus, Democritus, and Epicurus. Although Isaac Newton in the 17th century thought that matter was made up of particles, it was John Dalton who formally stated in 1802 that everything is made from tiny atoms.
Dmitri Mendeleev's first periodic table in 1869 helped cement the view, prevalent throughout the 19th century, that matter was made of atoms. Work by J.J. Thomson established that atoms are composed of light electrons and massive protons. Ernest Rutherford established that the protons are concentrated in a compact nucleus. The nucleus was initially thought to be composed of protons and confined electrons (in order to explain the difference between nuclear charge and mass number), but was later found to be composed of protons and neutrons.
The 20th century explorations of nuclear physics and quantum physics, culminating with proofs of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, gave rise to an active industry of generating one atom from another, even rendering possible (although not feasible economically) the transmutation of lead into gold. These theories successfully predicted nuclear weapons.
Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, a bewildering variety of particles was found in scattering experiments. This was referred to as the "particle zoo". This term was deprecated after the formulation of the Standard Model during the 1970s in which the large number of particles was explained as combinations of a (relatively) small number of fundamental particles.
The Standard Model of particle physics
The current state of the classification of elementary particles is called the "Standard Model". It describes the strong, weak, and electromagnetic fundamental forces, using mediating bosons known as "gauge bosons". The species of gauge bosons are the photon, W- and W+ and Z bosons, and the gluons. The model also contains 24 fundamental particles, which are the constituents of matter. Finally, it predicts the existence of a type of boson known as the Higgs boson, which has yet to be discovered.
Experimental particle physics
In Particle Physics, the major international collaborations are:
Many other particle accelerators exist.
- CERN, located on the French-Swiss border near Geneva. Its main facilities are LEP, the Large Electron Positron collider (now dismantled) and the LHC, or Large Hadron Collider (under construction).
- DESY, located in Hamburg, Germany. Its main facility is HERA, which collides electrons or positrons and protons.
- SLAC, located near Palo Alto, USA. Its main facility is PEP-II, which collides electrons and positrons.
- Fermilab, located near Chicago, USA. Its main facility is the Tevatron, which collides protons and antiprotons.
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, located on Long Island, USA. Its main facility is the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, which collides heavy ions such as gold ions (it is the first heavy ion collider) and protons.
Objections against particle physics as reductionism
Within physics itself, there are some objections to the extreme reductionist approach of attempting to explain everything in terms of elementary particles and their interaction. These objections are usually raised by solid state physicists. While the Standard Model itself is not challenged, it is held that testing and perfecting the model is not nearly as important as studying the emerging properties of atoms and molecules, and especially large statistical ensembles of those. These critics claim that even a complete knowledge of the underlying elementary particles will not give complete knowledge of atoms and molecules, knowledge that arguably is more important to us.
Reductionists typically claim that all progress in the sciences has involved reductionism to some extent.
Public policy and particle physics
Experimental results in particle physics are investigated using enormous particle accelerators which typically cost several billion dollars and require large amounts of government funding. Because of this, particle physics research involves issues of public policy.
Many have argued that the potential advances do not justify the money spent, and that in fact particle physics takes money away from more important research and education efforts. In 1993, the US Congress stopped the Superconducting Super Collider because of similar concerns, after $2 billion had already been spent on its construction. Many scientists, both supporters and opponents of the SSC, believe that the decision to stop construction of the SSC was due in part to the end of the Cold War which removed scientific competition with the Soviet Union as a rationale to spend large amounts of money on the SSC.
Some within the scientific community believe that particle physics has also been adversely affected by the aging population. The belief is that the aging population is much more concerned with immediate issues of their health and their parent's health and that this has driven scientific funding away from physics toward the biological and health sciences. In addition, many opponents question the ability of any single country to support the expense of particle physics results and fault the SSC for not seeking greater international funding.
Proponents of particle accelerators hold that the investigation of the most basic theories deserves adequate funding, and that this funding benefits other fields of science in various ways. They point out that all accelerators today are international projects and question the claim that money not spent on accelerators would then necessarily be used for other scientific or educational purposes.
See also
- Subatomic particle
- Fundamental particle
- List of particles
External Links
- A site with more detail, and news from particle physics, and an Excellent (and comprehensive) graphical walkthrough
- GISAI glossary, Yudkowsky
- "Philosophy Redivivus? Science, Ethics, and Faith"
- History of particle physics
- Introduction to Particle Physics by Matthew Nobes (published on Kuro5hin): Part 1, Part 2, Part 3a, Part 3b
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Particle physics."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Primary or elementary education describes the first years of formal, structured education that occur during childhood. In most Western countries, it is compulsory for children to receive primary education (though in many jurisdictions it is permissible for parents to provide it).
Primary education generally begins when children are four to seven years of age. The division between primary and secondary education is somewhat arbitrary, but it generally occurs at about twelve years of age (adolescence); some educational systems have separate middle schools for that period. Primary and secondary education together are sometimes referred to as K-12 (kindergarten through twelfth grade), especially in Canada and the United States.
Typically, primary education is provided in schools, where (in the absence of parental movement or other intervening factors) the child will stay, in steadily advancing classes, until they complete it and move on to secondary schooling. Children are usually placed in classes with one teacher who will be primarily responsible for their education and welfare for that year. This teacher may be assisted to varying degrees by specialist teachers in certain subject areas, often music or physical education. The continuity with a single teacher and the opportunity to build up a close relationship with the class is a notable feature of the primary education system. Over the past few decades, schools have been testing various arrangements which break from the one-teacher, one-class mold.
The major goals of primary education are achieving basic literacy and numeracy amongst all their students, as well as establishing foundations in science, geography, history and other social sciences. The relative priority of various areas, and the methods used to teach them, are an area of considerable political debate.
Traditionally, various forms of corporal punishment have been an integral part of early education. Recently this practice has come under attack, and in some cases been outlawed, in Western countries at least.
Elementary school
The elementary school consists of the first seven years of school, that is, grades 1 through 5 or 6, as well as kindergarten, a preliminary year of school before grade 1. Originally, however, it was studied after primary school in the 19th century. Also known as grammar school in the United States it is a major segment of compulsory education. Until the latter third of the 20th century, however, grammar school (or elementary school) was grades 1 through 8. After grammar school, one usually attends high school. (In many districts, grades 5-8 or 5-9 were called "middle school", or further separated into "intermediate school" and "junior high school".)
See also
- Kindergarten -- Primary education -- Secondary education -- Tertiary education -- Quaternary education
- Education by country
- List of colleges and universities by country
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Primary education."
Synonyms: ElementarySynonyms: primary (adj), simple (adj), uncomplicated (adj), unproblematic (adj). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Simpleness | Unmixed, unmingled, unblended, uncombined, uncompounded; elementary, undecomposed; unadulterated, unsophisticated, unalloyed, untinged, unfortified, pur et simple; incomplex. |
Teaching | Elementary education, primary education, secondary education, technical education, college education, collegiate education, military education, university education, liberal education, classical education, religious education, denominational education, moral education, secular education; propaedeutics, moral tuition. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | An elementary knowledge of the Railway Acts would tell you that I'm perfectly within my rights (A Hard Day's Night; writing credit: Alun Owen) I just think all elementary schools should have a firing range (S1m0ne; writing credit: Andrew Niccol) Elementary, my dear Holmeselementary (Young Sherlock Holmes; writing credit: Arthur Conan Doyle; Chris Columbus) For me it was elementary. (The Invisible Man; writing credit: Craig Silverstein; Jonathan Glassner) This is a charity event at an elementary school (Malcolm in the Middle; writing credit: Daniel Frenette) | |
Lyrics | And who'ed think in elementary, heeeey i'd see tha penitentiary (Dear Mama; performing artist: 2Pac) | |
Movie/TV Titles | The B-17 'Flying Fortress': Elementary Ground Work (1944) Fear and Learning at Hoover Elementary (1997) Elementary Phrases (1994) I Am a Promise: The Children of Stanton Elementary School (1993) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | An elementary school outing at Flag Pond Marsh, a wetlands nature park. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Tree planting in an elementary schoolgrounds in Des Moines as part of an Arbor Day celebration. Credit: Lynn Betts. |
 | An elementary class plants a tree as part of an Arbor Day observance in Des Moines, Iowa. Credit: Lynn Betts. |  | Elbert Wells, NRCS, Project Leader, Delaware Estuary Program and students from the Hartranft Elementary School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania discuss soil quality in a garden the students built themselves. Credit: USDA. |
 | Children at John Adams Elementary School in Alexandria, Va. enjoy the school lunch program. Credit: USDA. |  | A food service worker at John Adams Elementary School in Alexandria, Va. . Credit: USDA. |
 | Alexander Bagay (l) and Joseph Kee read a story together in the library of the Ganado Navajo Reservation elementary School in AZ. Credit: USDA. |  | Children in the lunch line at John Adams Elementary School in Alexandria, VA. Credit: USDA. |
 | Students at Wolf Creek Elementary are taught environmental education. Credit: Tim Haller. |  | Jacksonville Elementary School students given an environmental education lesson. Credit: Tim Haller. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |
| "Copybook" by Peter Hamza Commentary: "Shot of one of my friends' copybook from elementary school." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
United Nations | 1948 | Elementary education shall be compulsory. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Prevention of NIHL should be part of the health curricula in elementary through high schools. (references) | |
Given the importance of childhood sun exposure to subsequent risk of developing melanoma, as well as the fact that childhood lifestyle behaviors often persist into adulthood, educational programs beginning in elementary school should be a major focus of these campaigns. (references) | ||
For example, the child is first taught elementary movements like pulling himself to a standing position and crawling before he is taught to walk -- regardless of his age. Some experts and organizations, including the American Academy of Pediatrics, have expressed strong reservations about the patterning approach, because studies have not documented its value. (references) | ||
Business | It is widely read and understood, since English language instruction is required in Taiwan’s public schools and begins in the third grade of elementary school. (references) | |
Total expenditures for education equal 7.0 percent of Taiwan’s GDP. Education in Taiwan is both free and compulsory from elementary through junior high school. (references) | ||
Toddler (approximately 3 - 5 years old) is the most active category in the children's wear because parents can choose what they like their kids to wear. On the other hand, the market for elementary school boys (age 9 year old and up) is the weakest. (references) | ||
Children | Vanuatu | Few children advance beyond elementary school. (references) |
Cameroon | In 2000 President Biya announced the elimination of tuition fees for public elementary schools. (references) | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | The full integration of elementary and high school classrooms in the Brcko District was successful. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Colombia | Both paramilitary groups and guerrillas also regularly targeted public school teachers at the elementary and secondary levels for politically motivated killings. (references) |
Greece | Other than in one multicultural elementary education "pilot school," the Government does not provide instruction in Greek as a second language to Turcophone children in the Athens area. (references) | |
Japan | The Science, Technology and Education Ministry's authority to order revisions to elementary, middle, and high school textbooks based on national curriculum guidelines remains a source of domestic and international controversy. (references) | |
Discrimination | Syria | Party or government connections can pave the way for entrance into better elementary and secondary schools, access to lucrative employment, and greater power within the Government, the military, and the security services. (references) |
Economic History | Cyprus | Education: Years compulsory--6 in elementary; 3 in high school. (references) |
Marshall Islands | The elementary program employs a bilingual/bicultural curriculum. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Taiwan | According to Council of Aboriginal Affairs' statistics, only about 70 percent of Aborigine children complete elementary school. (references) |
Minorities | Bulgaria | Employers justify such discrimination on the basis that most Roma only have elementary training and little education. (references) |
Mauritania | The promotion of other national languages, previously included at the elementary level, was moved to the university level. (references) | |
Political Economy | PARAGUAY | The Labor Code prohibits work by children under 12 years of age, and all children are required to attend elementary school. (references) |
Afghanistan | Although girls were prohibited formally from attending school, some organizations clandestinely operated elementary schools and home schools with girls in attendance. (references) | |
Travel | Vietnam | There are a number of international-standard educational options in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City for children from pre-school through elementary. (references) |
Women | Oman | Whereas in 1970 no schools existed for girls, the most recent figures available from the Ministry of Education in 1999 report an enrollment rate of nearly 90 percent for all girls eligible for elementary school. (references) |
Worker Rights | China | In March an explosion at an elementary school in Jiangxi Province killed 42 persons, most of them school children. (references) |
Mauritania | Several independent trade unions, in particular three for teachers at the elementary, secondary, and university levels, also were active. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | EVERLASTING, adj. Lasting forever. It is with no small diffidence that I venture to offer this brief and elementary definition, for I am not unaware of the existence of a bulky volume by a sometime Bishop of Worcester, entitled, A Partial Definition of the Word "Everlasting," as Used in the Authorized Version of the Holy Scriptures. His book was once esteemed of great authority in the Anglican Church, and is still, I understand, studied with pleasure to the mind and profit of the soul. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | But excellence in education must begin at the elementary level. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Elementary" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Elementary" is used about 713 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 100% | 713 | 9,416 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "elementary": additional elementary functions ♦ elementary analysis ♦ elementary arithmetic ♦ elementary data item ♦ elementary education ♦ Elementary geometry ♦ elementary knowledge ♦ Elementary machine ♦ elementary particle ♦ Elementary Particle Interactions ♦ Elementary Particles ♦ elementary school ♦ elementary school principal ♦ elementary school student ♦ elementary school teacher ♦ elementary schoolteacher ♦ elementary semiconductor ♦ elementary stream. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "elementary": elementary-education statute, elementary-school. | |
Ending with "elementary": post-elementary. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "elementary"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | elementêr (abecedarian, elemental). (various references) | |
Albanian | elementar, i thjeshtë (abecedarian, artless, austere, bare, chaste, childlike, common, easy, enlisted, folksy, foolproof, Hick, home-bred, homely, homespun, humble, inelaborate, informal, ingenuous, inornate, mere, modest, native, natural, neat, not mingled, onefold, ordinary, plain, prime, primitive, private, pure, quotidian, rude, russet, rustic, simple, unaffected, unassuming, unceremonious, unpretending, unpretentious, unsophisticated, very), fillore (abecedarian, elemental, primary school), fillor (early, opening, primary), fillestar (apprentice, beginner, catechumen, departure, freshman, incipient, infantile, initial, learner, neophyte, novice, preliminary, prime, primitive, primordial, radical, recruit, rookie, tiro, youngling). (various references) | |
Arabic | عناصري, إبتدائي (incipient, initial, primary, rudimentary), أولي (first, fundamental, incipient, overriding, premonitory, primaeval, primal, primary, prime, primeval, rudimentary, ultimate, virgin), أحادي (monocular, monosyllabic, single, uni-), بسيط (attic, chaste, crude, down to earth, homely, honest, innocent, low-browed, lowly, mere, modest, naive, natural, pastoral, petty, plain, primitive, provincial, rustic, silly, simple, simple minded, sparing, straightforward, unaffected, unpretentious, unsophisticated, unvarnished, with distortion). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | елементарен (abecedarian, elemental, potty, rudimental, rudimentary), първоначален (autochthonal, grade, initial, original, primary, prime, primordial), прост (abc, artless, childlike, common, commonplace, easy, elemental, funky, grave, homelike, homespun, humble, illiberal, low, native, onefold, open and shut, ordinary, plain, prime, primitive, rugged, rustic, simple, sleazy, straight, straightforward, uncomplicated, unpretentious, vulgar). (various references) | |
Chinese | 基本 (basics, rudimentary). (various references) | |
Czech | elementární (basic, fundamental, primary), zaèáteèní, základní (basal, basic, Cardinal, essential, fundamental, funded, overriding, primary, primitive, principal, radical, rudimentary, standard, staple, ultimate, underlying), jednoduchý (easy, homely, mere, open and shut, simple, single, singular, unsophisticated). (various references) | |
Danish | elementær (abecedarian, elemental). (various references) | |
Dutch | elementair (abecedarian, elemental). (various references) | |
Esperanto | elementa (elemental). (various references) | |
Faeroese | grund- (abecedarian, elemental). (various references) | |
Farsi | مقدماتی (First, Preliminary, Preparatory, Primary, Prolegomenon), اصلی (Arch, Basic, Cardinal, Essential, Fundametal, Genuine, Germinal, Head, Immanent, Ingrown, Inherent, Initial, Innate, Intrinsic, Main, Net, Original, Primary, Prime, Primordial, Principal, Seminal), ابتداءی (Infantile, Initial, Preliminary, Primary, Primer, Rudiment, Rudimentary). (various references) | |
Finnish | alkeis, alkeellinen (primary, primitive). (various references) | |
French | primaire (elemental). (various references) | |
Frisian | elemintêr (abecedarian, elemental). (various references) | |
German | elementar (abecedarian, basic, elemental, fundamental, primary, rudimental, rudimentary, ultimate, violent), elementare (elementally). (various references) | |
Greek | στοιχειώδησ (element, elemental, primary, rudimental, rudimentary), στοιχειώδης, στοιχειακός. (various references) | |
Hawaiian | fillore (abecedarian, elemental). (various references) | |
Hebrew | יסודי (basic, elementary school, essential, fundamental, inchoate, main, substantial, thorough, thoroughgoing, ultimate), פשוט (common, lowly, matter of fact, neat, obvious, ordinary, petty, plain, simple, simplification, simply, straightforward, unvarnished), אלמנטרי, התחלי (inchoate, incipient). (various references) | |
Hungarian | alapfokú. (various references) | |
Indonesian | elementer, dasar (background, basis, bed, bottom, foundation, nature, principle, rudiment). (various references) | |
Italian | elementare (abecedarian, basic, elemental, fundamental, primary, rudimental), rudimentale (rough and ready, rude, rudimental, rudimentary). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | エルピー盤 (aerogram, angel, elbow, Electone, Electra complex, electric, electric guitar, electricity, electroluminescence, electron, electronic, electronic banking, electronic cooking, electronic cottage, electronic file, electronic mail, electronic money, electronic music, electronic office, electronic sound, electronics, elegance, elegant, elegy, element, elevation, elevator, elf, elm, elocution, elven, encapsulation, enclosure, encode, encoder, encoding, encounter, encyclopedia, engage, engagement, engagement ring, engine, engine brake, engineer, engineering, engineering plastics, enjoy, erect, erection, erogenous zone, Eroica, Eros, erotic, erotic and grotesque, erotic and grotesque nonsense, erotic production, erotica, eroticism, erotism, erotomania, Herman, Hermes, ignition key, long-playing record, LP), 初等 (primary). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | しょとう (10th lunar month, archipelago, beginning, cane sugar, early winter, group of islands, primary, sucrose), エレメンタリー . (various references) | |
Korean | 초등. (various references) | |
Manx | bun-stoo (element, elementary physics, raw material), bun-scoill (elementary school, primary school), bun-oyragh (elementary physics), bun-fishig (elementary physics). (various references) | |
Norwegian | elementær. (various references) | |
Papiamen | elemental (abecedarian, elemental). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | elementaryay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | elementar (elemental, simple). (various references) | |
Romanian | elementar (abecedarian, elemental, primary, rudimental, rudimentary), simplu (agrestic, artless, austere, average, bald, bare, common, easy, grave, home-bred, homely, homespun, humble, humbly, mere, modest, natural, neat, patriarchal, plain, plainly, primitive, pure, quiet, ready, russet, segregate, simple, simple minded, simply, single, singular, soft-headed, straight, straightforward, unaffected, unassuming, undisguised, unpretending, unpretentious, unsophisticated, unvarnished), primar (bailiff, initial, mayor, once removed, primal, primary, primeval, pristine, provost). (various references) | |
Russian | элементарный (open and shut, open-and-shut, rudimentary). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | elementarni, elementaran (basic, elemental), osnovni (basal, base, basic, fundamental, institutional, key, no-frills, primal, primary, prime, primordial, underlying). (various references) | |
Spanish | elemental (basic, elemental, shirt-sleeve, shirt-sleeved). (various references) | |
Swedish | elementär (abecedarian, basic, elemental, fundamental, initiatory, simple). (various references) | |
Turkish | temel (abecederian, back drop, backbone, basal, base, basic, basis, bed, bottom, bread and butter, constitutive, corner stone, elemental, footing, fortification, foundation, fundament, fundamental, grass roots, ground, ground form, groundwork, guiding, hard pan, keystone, parent, pedestal, primary, principal, root, rudimental, rudimentary, socle, staple, substratum, substructure, underlying, working), saf (absolute, all, artless, candid, clean, clear, country bumpkin, credulous, deceivable, dewy-eyed, distilled, dupe, elemental, entire, facile, fine, genuine, greenhorn, gudgeon, guileless, gull, gullible, harmless, homespun, honest, immaculate, ingenuous, innocent, juggins, mere, naïve, pigeon, pristine, pure, pure-minded, rank, raw, real, refined, simple, simple minded, simple simon, simple-hearted, sterling, unadulterated, unalloyed, unblended, uncontaminated, undiluted, unmixed, unsophisticated, unsuspicious, untutored, unworldly, witless), ilkel (crude, embryonic, primal, primeval, primitive, primordial, proto-, rude, rudimental, rudimentary), ilk (early, first, initial, initiative, initiatory, maiden, preliminary, premier, primal, primary, prime, primitive, primordial, pristine, proto-, the very first), doğa güçleri ile ilgili (elemental), basit (basic, countrified, crude, easy, elemental, everyday, facile, foolproof, frugal, frugally, homely, humble, jejune, potty, primitive, simple, simplex, simplificative, simplistic, small, straightforward, undemanding, vulgar), başlangıç (approach, beginning, big bang, commencement, commencing, cradle, dawn, departure, doorway, early, exordium, first, go off, inception, incipience, incipiency, incunabula, infancy, introduction, lead off, morning, off, onset, origin, outset, preamble, preliminary, prelude, prime, proem, prolog, prologue, push off, setout, start, starting, take off, toe-hold), asıl (actual, authentic, Cardinal, central, extraction, foundation, fountain-head, gist, groundwork, in chief, intrinsic, main, master, origin, original, origination, pivotal, principal, principally, provenance, real, root stock, true, virtual). (various references) | |
Turkmen | elementar (r). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | найпростіший (open and shut, primary), елементарний (abecedarian, basic, open and shut, rudimentary). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | cơ bản (basal, basic, basically, capital, fundamental). (various references) | |
Welsh | elfennol. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words ending with "elementary": nonelementary. (additional references) | |
| |
"Elementary" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: elementars, elementery, elementory, elementry, Elemeta, Elmenshawy. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "elementary" (pronounced e'lume"ntrē, e'lume"nterrē , or e'lume"nkhrē) |
| 8 | -l u m e" n t r ē | complementary. |
| 5 | -e" n t r ē | entry, gentry, sentry. |
| 4 | -n t r ē | carpentry, country, gallantry, gantry, infantry, pageantry, pantry, peasantry, pedantry, pleasantry, reentry, wintry. |
| 3 | -t r ē | ancestry, artistry, asymmetry, banditry, baptistery, basketry, bigotry, biochemistry, cabinetry, chemistry, circuitry, dentistry, dissymmetry, forestry, gadgetry, geochemistry, geometry, helotry, idolatry, industry, Maestri, ministry, mitre, optometry, palmistry, paltry, pastry, poetry, poultry, psychiatry, punditry, puppetry, registry, rocketry, spectrometry, sultry, summitry, symmetry, tapestry, telemetry, toiletry, zealotry. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-e-e-l-m-n-r-t-y" | |
-2 letters: enameler, lamenter, lateener. | |
-3 letters: amylene, element, enteral, eternal, teleman, telemen, teleran. | |
-4 letters: almner, antler, armlet, eatery, elater, elytra, enamel, entera, entree, eterne, eyelet, lament, lateen, laymen, leaner, learnt, lyrate, mantel, mantle, marten, meaner, meanly, meeter, meetly, melter, mental, merely, myrtle, namely, nearly, neater, neatly, realty, relate, relent, remate, remeet, remelt, rename, rental, reteam. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-e-e-l-m-n-r-t-y" | |
+2 letters: elementarily. | |
+3 letters: determinately, intemperately, laryngectomee, nonelementary. | |
+4 letters: experimentally, intermediately, laryngectomees, remuneratively. | |
+5 letters: hermeneutically, indeterminately, temperamentally. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Historic 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Quotations: Speeches 12. Usage Frequency | 13. Expressions 14. Expressions: Internet 15. Translations: Modern 16. Derivations | 17. Rhymes 18. Anagrams 19. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
