Economics

Definition: Economics

Economics

Noun

1. The branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management.

Date "economics" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1588. (references)

Etymology: Economics \E`co*nom"ics\, noun. [from Greek expression. See Economic.]. (Websters 1913)

Specialty Definitions: Economics

Domain	Definitions
Economics	The study of production, distribution, selling and use of goods and services. Source: European Union. (references)
Finance	The branch of the social sciences that deals with the financial considerations of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Economics

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Economics is a social science that studies society's allocation of scarce resources to meet desires and wants. Economics therefore starts from the premise that resources are in limited supply and that it is necessary to choose between competing alternatives. With scarcity, choosing one alternative implies foregoing another alternative; economists refer to this as opportunity cost. Understanding choice by individuals and groups is therefore central in economics. Economists tend to think that incentives and preferences (tastes) together play an important role in shaping decision making.

Aspects receiving particular attention in economics are trade, resource allocation and competition. Economics may be applied to such diverse topics as the governance of production, distribution and consumption of wealth as well as the various related problems of finance, taxation, labor, law, poverty, pollution etc.

Economics is said to be positive when it attempts to explain the consequences of different choices given a set of assumptions and normative when it prescribes a certain route of action. The nature of positive and normative economics is discussed further below.

Most contemporary theory assumes that economic agents act rationally to optimize well-being given available information. This may sometimes be an acceptable approximation (for instance, if individual irrationality cancel each other out in the aggregate) and tends to produce tractable results. However, this framework ("homo economicus") is not accepted by all. More recently, irrational behavior and imperfect information have increasingly been the subject of formal modelling (often referred to as behavioral economics), resulting in some Nobel Prizes in economics.

Mathematical economics is based on the belief that mathematical methods encourage researchers to focus on essentials and makes exposition less prone to ambiguity. However, the basic ideas of economics can be taught with no more than simple arithmetic and graphs, without knowledge of the underlying formal mathematical theory. Indeed, the Austrian School of economics believes that anything beyond simple logic is not only unnecessary but inappropriate for economic analysis.

In any case, economics relies on formal, mathematical styles of argument more than other social sciences. However, formal modelling is also increasingly used in other social sciences, such as political science, as well as philosophy. Formal modelling can involve advanced mathematical methods, but often only relatively straightforward algebra or elementary calculus is needed.

Areas of study in economics

Economics is usually divided into two main categories:

Microeconomics, which deals with the behaviour and interaction of individual agents and firms.
Macroeconomics, which examines an economy as a whole with a view to understanding the interaction between economic aggregates such as income, employment and inflation.

Attempts to join these two branches or to refute the distinction between them have been important motivators in much of recent economic thought, especially in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Today, the consensus view is arguably that good macroeconomics has solid microeconomic foundations i.e. its premises have support in microeconomics.

Within these major divisions there are specialized areas of study that try to answer questions on a broad spectrum of human economic activity (see below). There are also methodologies used by economists whose underlying theories are important. The most significant example may be econometrics, which applies statistical techniques to the study of economic data.

There has been an increasing trend for ideas from economics to be applied in wider contexts. There is an economic aspect to any field where people are faced with alternatives - education, marriage, health, public policy, etc. Public Choice Theory studies how economic analysis can apply to those fields traditionally considered outside of economics. The areas of investigation in Economics therefore overlap with other social sciences, including political science and sociology.

Branches of economics and related subjects

Economics may be broken down as follows:

Microeconomics

General equilibrium -- Industrial organization -- Financial economics -- Public finance -- International trade -- Labor economics -- Development economics -- Environmental economics -- Evolutionary economics -- Public choice theory -- Public goods -- Economic geography -- Network effect -- Transport economics -- Supply and Demand -- Consumer Theory -- Health economics

Macroeconomics

Stabilisation policy -- Economic growth -- Purchasing power parity -- supply side economics -- gold standard

Methodology

Econometrics -- Game Theory -- Mathematical economics

Development of economic thought

Modern economic thought is usually said to have begun with Adam Smith in the late 18th century. For an overview of precursors to Smith as well as an overview of schools that have developed later, see history of economic thought. Modern mainstream economics is primarily a further refinement of neoclassical economics.

Macroeconomics began with Keynes in the 1930s. For an overview of a number of competing schools, see macroeconomics.

Many economists use a combination of Neoclassical microeconomics and Keynesian macroeconomics. This combination, sometimes known as the Neoclassical synthesis, was dominant in Western teaching and public policy in the years following World War II and up to the late 1970s.

In principle, economics can be applied to any type of economic organization. However, it developed historically in market societies, and its most detailed and precise work has dealt with the institutions belonging to them. To what extent economics must be adjusted to be applied to earlier forms of social organization has been the source of discussion. Generally, mainstream economists mostly feel that the basic framework of economics is relevant and flexible enough to be applied to virtually any form of society. Marxist economists, who were more influential a few decades ago, often feel that each era of history obeys its very own set of laws, and that contemporary economics can only be applied to industrialized societies.

Economics and political economy

The term economics was coined in around 1870, and popularised by influential neoclassical economists such as Alfred Marshall. Prior to this the subject had been known as political economy. This term is still often used instead of economics, especially by radical economists such as Marxists. Some mainstream universities (such as the University of Toronto) still have a political economy department rather than an economics department. Political economy explicitly brings political considerations into economic analysis and therefore tends to be more normative than most economics.

External links

A guide to several online economics textbooks
The library of economics and liberty, a site with numerous articles and essays written by well-known economists
LibertyForums - Classical Liberal, Libertarian & Objectivist Discussion Board

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Economics."

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Synonyms: Economics

Synonyms: economic science (n), political economy (n). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Economics

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Conduct	Management; husbandry; housekeeping, housewifery; stewardship; menage; regime; economy, economics; political economy; government; (direction).
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Economics

English words defined with "economics": agricultural agent, applied ♦ consumption, county agent ♦ department of economics ♦ economic, economic consumption, economic expert, economic theory, economics department, economics profession, economist, extension agent ♦ finance ♦ home economics ♦ intimate ♦ linear programming ♦ macroeconomics, marginal utility, microeconomics ♦ Nobel prize ♦ Oeconomics ♦ school text, schoolbook, supply-side economics ♦ text, text edition, textbook ♦ usance, use, use of goods and services. (references)

Specialty definitions using "economics": AAEA, academic research, Acoustics, agricultural economics, agricultural economy, AHS, ALARA ♦ Bureau of Labor Statistics ♦ Centrally Planned Economics, CHIEF ENGINEER, WATERWORKS, commercial economics, COMMUNITY DIETITIAN, consulting economist, Cooperative Extension System ♦ DAIRY TECHNOLOGIST, dairy-manufacturing technologist, dairy-products technologis, director of home economics ♦ Economic Research Service, Economics and Statistics Administration, economics of scale, economics to scale, Economics, Dental, Economics, Hospital, Economics, Medical, Economics, Nursing, energy economics, European studies ♦ farm economics, Flash-Steam Geothermal Plants ♦ Health Care Economics and Organizations, HOME-SERVICE DIRECTOR, human geography, HVS ♦ information management, interconnected network, interconnected system, interconnecting network, interconnecting system ♦ job economic training ♦ market economics, Medieval studies, mineral economics, Models, Nursing, modern grammar school ♦ National Agricultural Research, Extension, Education, and Economics Advisory Board ♦ open management edge ♦ Patients' Rooms, PROGRAM MANAGER ♦ rural economics ♦ social studies, SUNK COST ♦ think-tank. (references)

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Modern Usage: Economics

Domain	Usage
Screenplays	I see them in my Home Economics class all the time. (Forrest Gump; writing credit: Eric Roth) You don't dig world trade, College Boy, after all the Economics they've tried to shove into you? (Roustabout; writing credit: Allan Weiss; Anthony Lawrence)
Movie/TV Titles	The Home Economics Story (1951) Economics 101 (2002) Lies and Global Economics Who's Counting? Marilyn Waring on Sex (1995)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Economics

Domain	Title
Books	Co2 Abatement and Economic Structural Change in the European Internal Market (Contributions to Economics) (reference) The Economics of Absenteeism (reference) Three Lectures on Commerce and One on Absenteeism: London School of Economics (LSE: Scarce Tracts in Economics) (reference) Religion, Economics, and Public Policy: Ironies, Tragedies, and Absurdities of the Contemporary Culture Wars (reference) Microeconomics Today 9/E 1997 and Economics Today Study Guide for Microeconomics 9/E 1997 Adhoc Bund (reference) (more book examples)

Periodicals	Furniture Economics (reference) Excerpta Medica - Section 36 Health Policy Economics & Management (reference) Journal Of Mental Health Policy And Economics (reference) Business Week Interactive Guide To World Business And Economics - Cd-Rom (reference) Cyrus J Lawrence Economics (reference) (more periodical examples)

Theater & Movies	The Standard Deviants - Economics, Parts 1 & 2 (Macro & Micro) (reference) (more DVD examples; more video examples)

Music	Voodoo Economics and Other American Tragedies (reference) (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Economics

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Photo Album: Economics

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	School of Practical Nursing. : Home Economics Class. / Parkway Photographers.Credit: National Library of Medicine.		[Demonstration in child care to home economics class].Credit: National Library of Medicine.
	[Child care demonstration in home economics class].Credit: National Library of Medicine.		A Bureau of Commercial Economics truck.Credit: National Library of Medicine.
	Motion pictures in medicine. : Bureau of Commercial Economics motion picture outfit on the White House elipse.Credit: National Library of Medicine.		Motion pictures in medicine. : Bureau of Commercial Economics motion picture outfit in front of the Washington Monument.Credit: National Library of Medicine.
	Motion pictures in medicine. : Bureau of Commercial Economics motion picture outfit on the White House elipse.Credit: National Library of Medicine.		Motion pictures in medicine. : Bureau of Commercial Economics motion picture outfit on the White House elipse.Credit: National Library of Medicine.
	Motion pictures in medicine. : Bureau of Commercial Economics motion picture outfit on the White House elipse.Credit: National Library of Medicine.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Familiar Quotations: Economics

Author	Quotation
John Kenneth Galbraith	In economics the majority is always wrong.
	In economics, hope and faith coexist with great scientific pretension and also a deep desire for respectability.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Economics

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		In addition to a re-evaluation of the role of government, at all levels, in delivering (or being responsible for the delivery of) services, at least two other shifts in strategy are occurring to reform the targets of economics, access, and quality. (references)
		A non-Federal, nonadvocate, 14-member panel representing the fields of genetics, obstetrics, internal medicine, nursing, social work, epidemiology, pediatrics, psychiatry, genetic counseling, bioethics, health economics, health services research, law, and the public. (references)
Business		His undergraduate degrees are in mathematics and economics. (references)
		Economics Economic factors tend to counterbalance low demand concentration. (references)
		The agency is set up as an independent government body, which is supervised by the German Federal Economics Ministry. (references)
Civil Liberties	Germany	In response to concerns expressed by foreign governments and multinational firms, in 2000 the Economics Ministry limited the scope of the sect filter to consulting and training contracts. (references)
	Germany	In March the Economics Ministry persuaded the federal and state interior ministries to accept new wording that would only prohibit use of the "technology of L. Ron Hubbard" in executing government contracts. (references)
Economic History	Hong Kong	Conclusion: sell on economics, not legislation (as per above). (references)
Political Economy	Thailand	All Thai parties accept working within a framework of democratic principles and free enterprise economics. (references)
	South Africa	South Africa's apartheid-era government, while preaching free-market economics, essentially practiced statism. (references)
	Zambia	Orientation of Major Political Parties: The MMD platform is for democracy, human rights, and free market economics. (references)
Political Rights	Tajikistan	Days before the election, an apparently arbitrary Supreme Court decision allowed one of the three aspiring opposition candidates, Economics and Foreign Economic Relations Minister Davlat Usmon of the Islamic Renaissance Party, to register. (references)
Trade	Austria	The export or transit of goods on the Wassenaar ammunition list requires a license from the Austrian Ministry of Economics and Labor. (references)
	Austria	In accordance with EU regulations, the export and re-export of goods to states under sanctions requires a special export license issued by the Austrian Ministry of Economics and Labor. (references)
Worker Rights	Turkmenistan	The Ministry of Economics and Finance prepares general guidelines for wages and sets wages in health care, culture, and some other areas. (references)
	Cambodia	According to a survey taken during the year by a local economics research center, garment workers, who were paid in U.S. currency, earned an average of $61 per month, factoring in overtime. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Spoken Usage: Economics

Speaker	Phrase(s)
Rush Limbaugh	Rush has always said the reason the world hates us all comes down to economics.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Speeches: Economics

Speaker	Term	Phrase(s)
Bill Clinton	1993-2001	But globalization is about more than economics.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Economics

"Economics" is generally used as a noun (common) -- approximately 99.86% of the time. "Economics" is used about 2,878 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (common)	99.86%	2,874	3,235
Noun (plural)	0.1%	3	202,518
Noun (proper)	0.03%	1	339,140
Total	100.00%	2,878	N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expressions: Economics

Expressions using "economics": agricultural economics ♦ applied economics ♦ business economics ♦ Centrally Planned Economics ♦ commercial economics ♦ department of economics ♦ economics department ♦ economics of scale ♦ economics profession ♦ economics to scale ♦ energy economics ♦ farm economics ♦ Health Care Economics and Organizations ♦ home economics ♦ market economics ♦ ministry of economics ♦ rural economics ♦ school of economics and business administration ♦ technological economics ♦ voodoo economics. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "economics": Economics-alan, economics-based, economics-defying, economics-style, economics--together.
	Ending with "economics": macro-economics, micro-economics.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Economics

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Expression	Frequency per Day
economics	1,806
london school of economics	349
economics entrepreneur entrepreneurship	293
medical economics	83
home economics	70
supply side economics	67
definition economics	65
managerial economics	62
dictionary economics	56
health economics	54
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Economics

Language		Translations for "economics"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Albanian		ekonomi politike (political economy), ekonomi (economy, managed economy, prudence, thrift). (various references)

Arabic		‏علم الاقتصاد. (various references)

Bulgarian		стопански строй, политическа икономия (political economy), икономика (economy). (various references)

Chinese		�"濟學 , 经济 (Economic, Economical, Economies, Economy). (various references)

Czech		ekonomika (economy), ekonomie, ekonomická stránka, hospodářské vìdy. (various references)

Danish		oekonomi. (various references)

Dutch		economie (economy). (various references)

Esperanto		ekonomiko. (various references)

Farsi		علم اقتصاد (Economy), اقتصادیات . (various references)

Finnish		taloustiede, talousoppi, kansantaloustiede (national economy), kansantalous (national economy). (various references)

French		sciences économiques, économie (economy). (various references)

Frisian		ekonomy (economy). (various references)

German		volkswirtschaftslehre (political economy), wirtschaftswissenschaft. (various references)

Greek		οικονομολογία (finance). (various references)

Hebrew		תורת �"כלכל�", כלכל� ות. (various references)

Hungarian		közgazdaságtan (political economy, social economy), gazdasági helyzet (economic climate). (various references)

Indonesian		ekonomi (economy), ilmu ekonomi. (various references)

Italian		scienze economiche, economia (economy, parsimoniousness, saving). (various references)

Japanese Kanji		経済学 , 経済 (business, economy, finance), エクリン腺 (a service station for cars that run on alternative fuels, eccrine gland, echo, echo back, eclair, ecocide, Ecole de Paris, ecological mark, ecology, econometrics, economic animal, economical, economist, economy, economy class, ecosystem, executive, executive class, existence, exit). (various references)

Japanese Katakana		エコノミックス , けいざいがく, けいざい (business, economy, finance, minor offense). (various references)

Korean		경� � (Economic, Economical, Economies, Economy). (various references)

Manx		tarmaynys (economy, good management). (various references)

Norwegian		økonomi (economy). (various references)

Papiamen		ekonomia (economy). (various references)

Pig Latin		economicsay.(various references)

Portuguese		economia (economy, fruit, hush, parsimony, Providence, retrenchment, save, saving, thrift). (various references)

Romanian		economie (chariness, economy, frugality, husbandry, parsimony, prudence, retrenchment, saving, savings, thrift), ştiinţa economiei. (various references)

Russian		экономика (economy). (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		ekonomija. (various references)

Spanish		Economica, economía política (political economy), ciencias económicas. (various references)

Swedish		nationalekonomi (political economy). (various references)

Thai		วิชาเศรษฐศาสตร์. (various references)

Turkish		ekonomi bilimi, iktisat bilimi (political economy), ülke ekonomisi. (various references)

Turkmen		ykdysadyяet. (various references)

Ukranian		народне господарство, економічна наука, економіка (economy). (various references)

Vietnamese		việc tề gia nội trợ (home economics). (various references)

Welsh		economeg. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Economics

Derivations
	Words ending with "economics": macroeconomics, microeconomics. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Economics" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: conomics, ecenomics, econmics, Economica, economicus, econominc, economis, economism, economosis, econonics, econonmics, egonomics, ekonomika. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Economics"

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "economics" (pronounced e'kunÄ"miks or ē'kunÄ"miks)
9	e' k u n Ä" m i k s	microeconomics.
8	-k u n Ä" m i k s	macroeconomics.
7	-u n Ä" m i k s	ergonomics.
5	-Ä" m i k s	comics.
4	-m i k s	academics, aerodynamics, ceramics, dynamics, electrodynamics, epidemics, gimmicks, hemodynamics, mimics, polemics.
3	-i k s	acoustics, acrobatics, acrylics, aerobatics, aerobics, aeronautics, aesthetics, affix, alcoholics, analgesics, analytics, anesthetics, anorexics, antibiotics, antics, apparatchiks, appendix, asthmatics, astronautics, astrophysics, athletics, atmospherics, attics, automatics, avionics, ballistics, basics, batiks, beatniks, bioethics, biologics, biophysics, bishoprics, calisthenics, Calix, calyx, catholics, cervix, characteristics, charismatics, civics, classics, clerics, clinics, conics, cosmetics, Criminalistics, critics, cynics, demographics, diabetics, diagnostics, diuretics, domestics, eccentrics, econometrics, electrics, electronics, epics, ethics, ethnics, eugenics, exotics, fabrics, fanatics, forensics, generics, genetics, geometrics, geopolitics, geriatrics, graphics, gymnastics, harmonics, helix, heroics, hieroglyphics, histrionics, hydraulics, hypnotics, hysterics, informatics, ionics, italics, kibbutzniks, kinetics, limericks, linguistics, logistics, lyrics, Magnetics, mathematics, matrix, mavericks, mechanics, medics, metaphysics, metrics, microelectronics, micrographics, mnemonics, mosaics, mystics, narcotics, Nucleonics, numismatics, obstetrics, onomastics, onyx, optics, orthodontics, oryx, panics, paramedics, Pediatrics, Phenix, Phoenix, phonetics, phonics, photovoltaics, physics, plastics, prefix, prosthetics, psychics, publics, pyrotechnics, refuseniks, relics, reprographics, republics, robotics, romantics, semantics, semiotics, skeptics, sonics, specifics, sputniks, statistics, stoics, suffix, synthetics, systematics, tactics, Technics, tectonics, theatrics, therapeutics, thermoplastics, tonics, topics, toxics, tropics, workaholics.
8	-k u n Ä" m i k s	macroeconomics, microeconomics.
7	-u n Ä" m i k s	ergonomics.
5	-Ä" m i k s	comics.
4	-m i k s	academics, aerodynamics, ceramics, dynamics, electrodynamics, epidemics, gimmicks, hemodynamics, mimics, polemics.
3	-i k s	acoustics, acrobatics, acrylics, aerobatics, aerobics, aeronautics, aesthetics, affix, alcoholics, analgesics, analytics, anesthetics, anorexics, antibiotics, antics, apparatchiks, appendix, asthmatics, astronautics, astrophysics, athletics, atmospherics, attics, automatics, avionics, ballistics, basics, batiks, beatniks, bioethics, biologics, biophysics, bishoprics, calisthenics, Calix, calyx, catholics, cervix, characteristics, charismatics, civics, classics, clerics, clinics, conics, cosmetics, Criminalistics, critics, cynics, demographics, diabetics, diagnostics, diuretics, domestics, eccentrics, econometrics, electrics, electronics, epics, ethics, ethnics, eugenics, exotics, fabrics, fanatics, forensics, generics, genetics, geometrics, geopolitics, geriatrics, graphics, gymnastics, harmonics, helix, heroics, hieroglyphics, histrionics, hydraulics, hypnotics, hysterics, informatics, ionics, italics, kibbutzniks, kinetics, limericks, linguistics, logistics, lyrics, Magnetics, mathematics, matrix, mavericks, mechanics, medics, metaphysics, metrics, microelectronics, micrographics, mnemonics, mosaics, mystics, narcotics, Nucleonics, numismatics, obstetrics, onomastics, onyx, optics, orthodontics, oryx, panics, paramedics, Pediatrics, Phenix, Phoenix, phonetics, phonics, photovoltaics, physics, plastics, prefix, prosthetics, psychics, publics, pyrotechnics, refuseniks, relics, reprographics, republics, robotics, romantics, semantics, semiotics, skeptics, sonics, specifics, sputniks, statistics, stoics, suffix, synthetics, systematics, tactics, Technics, tectonics, theatrics, therapeutics, thermoplastics, tonics, topics, toxics, tropics, workaholics.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Economics

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "c-c-e-i-m-n-o-o-s"
	-1 letter: economic.
	-2 letters: concise, incomes, mesonic, noisome.
	-3 letters: comics, comose, conics, conies, cosine, cosmic, eonism, icones, income, minces, monies, oscine, scenic, sconce, simoon, socmen.
	-4 letters: cines, cions, cisco, cocos, coins, comes, comic, cones, conic, coons, cosec, cosie, eosin, icons, mesic, meson, miens, mince, mines, monie, monos, moons, moose, noise, nomes, nomoi, nomos, noose, omens, onces, osmic, scion, scone, secco, since, sonic.
	-5 letters: cine, cion, coco, coin, come, cone, coni, cons, coon, coos, emic, eons, ices, icon, ions, meno, mice, mien, mine, mise, miso, mocs, mono, mons, moon, moos, nice, nims, noes, nome, noms, nose, omen, once, ones, semi, sice, sine, some, sone, soon.
	Words containing the letters "c-c-e-i-m-n-o-o-s"
	+1 letter: cosmogenic.
	+2 letters: microsecond, monocracies.
	+3 letters: econometrics, microseconds, monospecific.
	+4 letters: actinomycoses, concomitances, meningococcus, misconception, misconnection, semiconductor, semiconscious, socioeconomic.
	+5 letters: actinomycetous, carcinomatoses, commonsensical, macroeconomics, microeconomics, misconceptions, misconnections, monosaccharide, noncommercials, noncompliances, semiconductors.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.