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Definition: Duty |
DutyNoun1. Work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons: "the duties of the job". 2. The social force that binds you to your obligations and the courses of action demanded by that force: "we must instill a sense of duty in our children"; "every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty"- John D.Rockefeller Jr. 3. A government tax on imports or exports; "they signed a treaty to lower duties on trade between their countries". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "duty" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
Note: Duty \Du"ty\, noun; plural Duties. [From Due.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Satire | DUTY, n. That which sternly impels us in the direction of profit, along the line of desire. Sir Lavender Portwine, in favor at court, Was wroth at his master, who'd kissed Lady Port. His anger provoked him to take the king's head, But duty prevailed, and he took the king's bread, Instead. G.J. E. Source: Devil's Dictionary. |
Economics | A tax levied by a government on the import or export of goods.(Note: The U.S. Constitution forbids the levying of taxes by the U.S. on exports. However, most foreign governments do not have this restriction,). (references) |
Electrical Engineering | The sequence of operating conditions to which a component, device or equipment is subjected. Source: European Union. (references) |
| A statement of the loads, including no-load and rest and de-energised periods to which the machine is subjected, including their duration and sequence in time. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Food & Agriculture | The relation between the area irrigated, or to be irrigated, and the quantity of water used, or required, to irrigate it for the purpose of maturing its crop. Duty is stated with reference to a base period and the place of its reckoning or measurement. It is expressed in a number of ways:(i)water-depths units, (ii)depth-area units per area, (iii)area per unit rate of flow or per unit volume of water, (iv)volume of water or rate of flow per unit area. Source: European Union. (references) |
Literature | Duty means what is due or owing, a debt which should be paid. Thus obedience is the debt of citizens to rulers for protection, and service is the debt of persons employed for wages received. "Strictly considered, all duty is owed originally to God only; but ... duties to God may be distributed ... into duties towards self, towards manhood, and towards God." - Gregory: Christian Ethics, part ii. division i. p. 172. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In economics, a duty is a kind of tax; often associated with customs. Duty in ethics, in a job, or simply after making any agreement about who does what, expresses that which one must do -- an obligation. Religious and political establishments (structures in the exercise of power) have long found that internalizing control comes cheaper than close surveillance. In the event of default, agents scattered through society stand ready to remind the recalcitrant of their "duty" to monarch, lord, country or church. Such injunctions often adopt a moral tone.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Duty."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A tax is an involuntary fee - or, more precisely, "unrequited payment" - paid by individuals or businesses to a government (central or local). Taxes may be paid in cash or kind (although payments in kind may not always be classified as taxes in all systems). The means of taxation, and the uses to which the funds raised through taxation should be put, are a matter of hot dispute between political parties and economic theorists, so discussions of taxation are frequently tendentious.
Purposes and effects of taxation
Governments collect taxes:The resource taken from the public through taxation is always somewhat greater than that received by the government. The difference is called compliance cost, and includes for example the labour cost and other expenses incurrend in complying with tax laws and rules.
- to support the operation of that government itself;
- to influence the macroeconomic performance of the economy (the governments's strategy for doing this is called its fiscal policy);
- to carry out the functions of the government, such as national defence, and providing government services
- to redistribute resources between individuals or classes in the population. Historically, the nobility were supported by taxes on the poor; modern social security systems are intended to support the poor by taxes on the rich.
- to modify patterns of consumption or employment within an economy, by making some classes of transaction more or less attractive.
The collection of a tax in order to spend it on a specified purpose, for example collecting a tax on alcohol to pay directly for alcoholism rehabilitation centres, is called hypothecation. The practice is often disliked by finance ministers, since it reduces their freedom of action. Some economic theorists consider the concept to be intellectually dishonest since in reality money is fungible.
Economists, especially neo-classical economists tend to argue that all taxation distorts the market and results in economic inefficiency. They have therefore sought to identify the kind of tax system that would minimise this distortion. A popular theory is that the most economically neutral tax is a tax on land. A government's primary duty is to maintain and defend title to land, and therefore (so the theory goes) it should collect most of its revenues for this unique service. Since governments also resolve commercial disputes, especially in countries with common law, this doctrine is often used to justify a sales tax or VAT (value-added tax).
Tax rates
Taxes are most often levied as a percentage, called the tax rate, of a certain value, the tax base (how much income and assets one has, earns, spends, inherits, etcetera). An "Ad Valorem" tax is one where the tax base is the value of a good, service, or property. Sales taxes, tariffs, property taxes, inheritance taxes, and value added taxes are different types of ad valorem tax. An ad valorem tax is typically imposed at the time of a transaction (sales tax or value added tax (VAT)) but it may be imposed on an annual basis (property tax) or in connection with another significant event (inheritance tax or tariffs). The alternative to ad valorem taxation is a fixed rate tax, where the tax base is the quantity of something, regardless of its price: for example, in the United Kingdom a tax is collected on the sale of alcoholic drinks that is calculated on the quantity of alcohol contained rather than the price of the drink.
Progressive and regressive taxation
An important feature of tax systems is whether they are flat (the percentage does not depend on the base, hence the tax is proportional to how much you earn, have, or spend), regressive (the more you have the lower the tax rate), or progressive (the more you have the higher the tax rate). Progressive taxes reduce the tax burden of people with smaller incomes, since they take a smaller percentage of their income. This may be viewed as a good thing in itself, or it may be done for pragmatic reasons, since it requires less record-keeping and complexity by people with simpler affairs.
Direct and indirect taxation
Taxes are sometimes referred to as direct or indirect. The meaning of these terms can vary in different contexts, which can sometimes lead to confusion. In economics, direct taxes refer to those taxes that are paid by the people or organizations on whom they are imposed. For example, income taxes are paid by the person who earns the income. By contrast, the cost of indirect taxes is borne by someone other than the person responsible for paying them. For example, taxes on liquor or gasoline are often included in the price of the items, so even though the seller sends the payments to the government, the buyer is the real payer. Indirect taxes are sometimes described as hidden taxes because the purchaser of goods or services may not be aware that a proportion of the price is going to the government.In law, the terms may have different meanings. In US constitutional law, for instance, direct taxes refer to poll taxes and property taxes, which are based on simple existence or ownership. Indirect taxes are imposed on rights, privileges, and activities. Thus, a tax on the sale of property would be considered an indirect tax, whereas the tax on simply owning the property itself would be a direct tax.
The distinction can be subtle, but it is important under US law, since the United States Constitution requires that direct taxes be apportioned according to population. That is, if one state has twice the population of another state, then the direct tax revenue from that state must be exactly twice that from the other state. In 1895, the US Supreme Court interpreted the income tax as a direct tax when applied to income from property, and struck down the tax as a result. The federal government then had no income tax until the Sixteenth Amendment was passed, which removed the apportionment requirement for income taxes.
Types of Taxes
Income tax
Income tax is commonly a progressive tax because the tax rate increases with increasing income. Some critics characterize this tax as a form of punishment for economic productivity. Other critics charge that income taxation is inherently socially intrusive because enforcement requires the government to collect large amounts of information about business and personal affairs, much of which could be considered proprietary.The crucial invention permitting the reliable collection of high income taxes was direct withholding of taxes from payrolls by employers. This reduces the perceived burden of the tax, because employees never handle the money. Direct withholding also discourages cheating, because it requires the collaboration of employers, and as there are fewer employers than employees, the government's enforcement efforts can be deployed more effectively.
Where income tax is not collected at source, it becomes possible to cheat by lying about one's affairs. Either one fails to declare income, or declares nonexistent expenses. Tax enforcement authorities fight this by looking at individual spending ratios using computer programs. For example, if a person spends too much on cars, their tax affairs might be audited.
Poll tax
A poll tax, or capitation tax, is a tax that levies a set amount per individual. The earliest tax mentioned in the Bible of a half-shekel per annum from each adult Jew (Ex. 30:11-16) was a form of poll tax. Poll taxes are regressive, since they take the same amount of money (and hence, a higher proportion of income) for poorer individuals as for richer individuals. Poll taxes are difficult to cheat. A poll tax may also be called a per capita tax or a capitation.
Excises
Definition
An "Excise" is a type of ad valorem tax that is imposed at the time of a purchase or sale transaction (sales tax or value added tax (VAT)) or in connection with importation across a political border (tariffs). The tax base may be the purchase price or the declared value, or some standard estimate of a fair price: for example, the sales tax on used automobile purchases in the United States is determined with reference to a published list of prices. The purchase price may be disregarded.
Purposes and effects of excises
Excises on particular commodities are frequently hypothecated. For example, a fuel excise is often used to pay for public transportation, especially roads and bridges and for the protection of the environment. A special form of hypothecation arises where an excise is used to compensate a party to a transaction for uncontrollable abuse: for example, a blank media tax is a tax on recordable media such as CD-Rs, whose proceeds are typically allocated to copyright holders.Excises (or exemptions from them) are also used to modify consumption patterns. For example, a high alcohol excise is used to discourage alcohol consumption, relative to other goods. This may be combined with hypothecation if the proceeds are then used to pay for the costs of treating illness caused by alcohol abuse. A carbon tax is a tax on the consumption of carbon-based non-renewable fuels, such as petrol, diesel-fuel, jet fuels and natural gas. The object is to reduce the release of carbon into the atmosphere.
Sales tax
Sales taxes are a form of excise levied when a commodity is sold to its final consumer. They are generally held to discourage retail sales. The question of whether they are generally progressive or regressive is a subject of much current debate. People with higher incomes spend a lower proportion of them, so a flat-rate sales tax will tend to be regressive. It is therefore common to exempt food, heating and lighting costs from sales taxes, since poor people spend a higher proportion of their incomes on these commodities, so exempting them should make the tax more progressive. It can be argued that sales tax directly discourages improvements in the efficiency of production because it taxes the purchase of factory equipment. The classic way of cheating on sales tax is to ask a merchant for a cash discount. The merchant pockets the cash and writes off the merchandise to shrinkage and the state fails to get the tax.
Tariffs
An import or export tariff is a charge for the movement of goods through a political border. Tariffs discourage trade, and they may be used by governments to protect domestic industries. A proportion of tariff revenues is often hypothecated to pay government to maintain a navy or border police, The classic way of cheating a tariff is smuggling.
Value-added tax
A value-added tax (also called a goods and services tax) applies the equivalent of a sales tax to every operation that creates value. Economic theorists have argued that this minimises the market distortion resulting from the tax. A VAT was historically used when a sales tax or excise tax was uncollectable. For example, a 30% sales tax is so often cheated that most of the retail economy will go off the books. VAT distributes such a tax in small enough increments that it becomes more trouble to cheat than to pay the tax. However, a VAT punishes production, which is considered a bad effect.
Property taxes
A property tax is levied on the value of property owned, usually real estate. This may be done on a recurrent basis, or on a single occasion. The most common type is an inheritance tax, which is imposed in many countries on the estates of the deceased. Some believe that inheritance taxes do not have any harmful effect on the economy and may even be beneficial as they encourage consumer spending by the elderly. However, they are also believed to discourage productivity and to disrupt the continuity of family-owned businesses. Another common type of property tax is an annual charge on the ownership of real estate, where the tax base is the supposed value of the property.See also: death tax, estate tax, Pigovian tax
A History of Taxation
Political authority has been used to raise capital throughout history. In many pre-monetary societies, such as the Incan empire, taxes were owed in labor. Taxation in labour was the basis of the Feudal system in medieval Europe. King Solomon of the Old Testament pointed to the need for taxes to be applied for civil purposes (1 Kings 4:7; 9:15; 12:4), and these amounts were increased during times of foreign occupation.In more sophisticated economies such as the Roman Empire, tax farming developed, as the central powers could not practically enforce their tax policy across a wide realm. The tax farmers were obligated to raise large sums for the government, but were allowed to keep whatever else they raised. The early Christians of the New Testament including Jesus supported the payment of taxes. "Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's". It is even recognized as a duty whether as a "telos" on merchandise or travellers (Matt. 17:25), an annual "phoros" on property tax (Luke 20:22;23:2), a "kensos" or poll tax (Matt. 22:17; Mark 12:14, or the tribute money of a temple-tax (Matt. 17:24-27).
There were certain times in the middle ages where the governments did not explicitly tax, since they were self supporting, owning their own land and creating their own products. The appearance of doing without taxes was however illusory, since the government's (usually the Crown's) independent income sources depended on labour enforced under the feudal system, which is a tax exacted in kind.
Historical forms of taxation
In monetary economies prior to fiat banking, a critical form of taxation was seigniorage, the tax on the creation of money. Seigniorage has been replaced by central banking.Other obsolete forms of taxation include:
Some principalities taxed windows, doors or cabinets to reduce consumption of imported glass and hardware. Armoires, hutches and wardrobes were invented to evade taxes on doors and cabinets.
- scutage - paid in lieu of military service; strictly speaking a commutation of a non-tax obligation rather than a tax as such, but functioning as a tax in practice
- tallage - a tax on feudal dependants
- a tithe - a tax, or more precisely a tax-like payment, (one tenth of one's earnings or agricultural produce), paid to the Church (and thus too specific to be a tax in strict technical terms even though appearing as one to the payer)
See also Tax Freedom Day, tax law, taxation in the United States, dividend tax, fiscal neutrality.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Tax."
Synonyms: DutySynonyms: obligation (n), responsibility (n), tariff (n). (additional references) |
| Synonyms by domain: on-duty (public administration, labor). |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Business | Matter in hand, irons in the fire; thing to do, agendum, task, work, job, chore, errand, commission, mission, charge, care; duty. |
Courtesy | Compliment; fair words, soft words, sweet words; honeyed phrases, ceremonial;salutation, reception, presentation, introduction, accueil, greeting, recognition; welcome, abord, respects, devoir, regards, remembrances; kind regards, kind remembrances; love, best love, duty; empty encomium, flattering remark, hollow commendation; salaams. |
Exertion | Trouble, pains, duty; resolution; energy; (physical). |
Price | Dues, duty, toll, tax, impost, cess, sess, tallage, levy; abkari; capitation tax, poll tax; doomage, likin; gabel, gabelle; gavel, octroi, custom, excise, assessment, benevolence, tenths, exactment, ransom, salvage, tariff; brokerage, wharfage, freightage. |
Respect | Respects, regards, duty, devoirs, egards. |
Rite | Noun: rite; ceremony, ritual, liturgy, ceremonial; ordinance, observance, function, duty; form, formulary; solemnity, sacrament; incantation; (spell); service, psalmody; (worship). |
Worship | Divine service, office, duty; exercises; morning prayer; mass, matins, evensong, vespers; undernsong, tierce; holyday; (rites). |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Duty |
| English words defined with "duty": Ad valorem duty ♦ countervailing duty ♦ duty assignment ♦ export duty ♦ fiduciary duty, filial duty ♦ guard duty ♦ import duty ♦ jury duty ♦ neglect of duty ♦ off duty, on duty ♦ sentry duty, Specific duty, stamp duty ♦ Transit duty. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "duty": Antidumping duty ♦ compensatory duty, countervailing excise duty ♦ designed duty of water, duty attained, duty of giants, duty of the miner's inch, duty paid ♦ excise duty ♦ farm duty ♦ MEASUREMENT MODE DUTY CYCLE ♦ net duty ♦ periodic duty ♦ retaliatory duty ♦ Specific Rate of Duty ♦ uninterrupted duty ♦ Whole Duty of Man. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "duty": Zollverein. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Jury duty, jury duty, jury duty, blackmail, pink slip, jury duty, jury duty (How the Grinch Stole Christmas; writing credit: Jeffrey Price) A broad river divides my lovers: family, duty, fate (Shakespeare in Love; writing credit: Marc Norman; Tom Stoppard) A gentleman's duty is to believe whatever a lady tells him. (The Lost World; writing credit: Alison Lea Bingeman) Uhhhh we were talking about the time you beat jury duty. (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge) It is my duty as a Maximal and a heroic character (Beast Wars: Transformers; writing credit: Bob Forward; Lawrence G. DiTillio) | |
Lyrics | My friends feel it's their appointed duty (Use Me; performing artist: Bill Withers) In his duty to a King or to a creed (Every Kinda People; performing artist: ROBERT PALMER) | |
Clever | Do something every day that you don't want to do. This is the golden rule for acquiring the habit of doing your duty without pain. (references; author: Mark Twain) Duty over desire--may that inspire. (references; author: unknown) Prayer: Don't give God instructions, just report for duty! (references; author: unknown) Vision that looks inward becomes duty. Vision that looks outward becomes aspiration. Vision that looks upward becomes faith. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Night Duty (1974) A Pleasant Duty (1971) Cutie on Duty (1943) Duty and the Beast (1943) Beyond the Line of Duty (1942) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | The start of a mapping flight Cooperative use of a Navy Air Service float plane for photographic duty. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Waiting for a tow at the end of the flight Cooperative use of a Navy Air Service float plane for photographic duty. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Bob was the duty driver that night Bob Pryce at the Last Chance Bar in Umiat. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Figure 5. Stellwagen sampling sounder invented by Lieutenant Henry S. Stellwagen, USN, while on Coast Survey duty in 1842. This sampler was undoubted ly one of the first sounder-samplers of simple design that was used in a systematic manner for scientific purposes. It was invented in 1842. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
 | Figure 9. Sands sounder invented by Commander Benjamin F. Sands, USN, while on duty with the U. S. Coast Survey in 1857. Compression of the spring actuated levers, which separated the symmetric halves of the weight which then fell to the bottom. A valve was actuated creating a void which allowed sediment to enter the tube. Pulling up the line reset the valve capturing the bottom sample. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |  | Figure 29. Pillsbury current meter invented by John Elliott Pillsbury and used in an extensive study of the Gulf Stream studies beginning in 1876. But it was not until 1885 that Pillsbury used this instrument in the Straits of Florida at a depth of 640 meters. He was a naval officer assigned to duty on the Coast and Geodetic Survey Ship BLAKE during these years. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
 | Air Force recruiters are looking for former military members who might be interested in returning to active duty. The Air Force hopes to attract thousands of former airmen, soldiers, sailors and Marines to return to active duty in fiscal 2001. (P.; photo by A.. |  | The Air Force is embarking on a "cultural shift" that will bolster its recruiting force and make recruiting duty an integral part of nearly every noncommissioned officer's career path by ending its all-volunteer recruiter system and adopting a s. |
 | An F-16 Fighting Falcon from the Houston, Texas-based 147th Fighter Wing returns from a combat mission over Southern Iraq. Guard and active duty airmen worked shoulder-to-shoulder throughout the Aerospace Expeditionary Force 9 deployment to Southwest Asi. |  | Desert aircraft on duty. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
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| "Off Duty" by Kent Squires Commentary: "New York city cab." | "On duty" by Jozsef Szoke Commentary: "UN soldier on duty." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Alexander Hamilton | I think the first duty of society is justice. |
Benjamin Disraeli | Duty cannot exist without faith. |
Hannah More | Depart from discretion when it interferes with duty. |
John Randolph | We all know our duty better than we discharge it. |
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus | It is man's peculiar duty to love even those who wrong him. |
Marcus T. Cicero | Fear is not a lasting teacher of duty. |
Pierre Corneille | Do your duty and leave the rest to heaven. |
St. Ambrose | No duty is more urgent than that of returning thanks. |
Walter Savage Landor | Consult duty not events. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Magna Carta | 1215 | No sheriff or bailiff of ours, or other person, shall take the horses or carts of any freeman for transport duty, against the will of the said freeman. (reference) |
John Locke | 1690 | This constrained them to come unto laws wherein all men might see their duty before hand, and know the penalties of transgressing them. (Second Treatise of Government) |
US Declaration of Independence | 1776 | But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security. (reference) |
US Constitution | 1791 | Clause 5: No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State. (reference) |
Marbury v. Madison | 1803 | This is of the very essence of judicial duty. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | It will be its duty to fix the punishment which it considers should be imposed. (reference) |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | If you look around you, you must feel not only the sense of duty done but also you must feel anxiety lest you fall below the level of achievement. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | She could now look forward to giving him that full and perfect confidence which her disposition was most ready to welcome as a duty. |
A Grief Observed | C.S. Lewis | Talk to me about the duty of religion and I'll listen submissively |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | This he did naturally, as a duty, and even with a sort of moroseness on his part |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | They are doing their duty in warning the people |
King Richard III | Shakespeare, William | To serve me well you all should do me duty, Teach me to be your queen and you my subjects |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | When all had taken their duty and their right, Pa attacked the mound of loose dirt and hurriedly filled the hole |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | Against the duty, etc. |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | There are some who complain most energetically and inconsolably of any, because they are, as they say, doing their duty. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | A. Residents of rural areas in endemic locations, active duty military deployed to endemic areas, and expatriates who visit rural areas. (references) | |
Because anthrax is considered to be a potential agent for use in biological warfare, the Department of Defense (DoD) has begun mandatory vaccination of all active duty military personnel who might be involved in conflict. (references) | ||
Business | Expand the Duty Free Zone area in Szczecin. (references) | |
The average duty is currently 11.9 percent. (references) | ||
Project imports attract an import duty of 20 percent. (references) | ||
Children | Malaysia | Recognizing that public transportation is not disabled-friendly, the Government is reducing the excise duty for persons with disabilities on locally made cars and motorcycles by 50 percent. (references) |
Ireland | The Child Care Act places a statutory duty on government health boards to identify and help children who are not receiving adequate care, and it gives the police increased powers to remove children from the family when there is an immediate and serious risk to their health or welfare. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | India | One policeman was suspended for dereliction of duty. (references) |
Economic History | Spain | There is zero duty on medical devices. (references) |
Seychelles | Their primary duty is to train pilots. (references) | |
Uae | Medical equipment carries a 4% import duty. (references) | |
Human Rights | Brazil | Two of the officers involved were identified and relieved of duty. (references) |
Haiti | Only the National Penitentiary has a nurse on duty 24 hours a day. (references) | |
Argentina | Police often perform official contract guard duty to earn extra money. (references) | |
Minorities | Cote d'Ivoire | Some non-Muslims have opposed construction of mosques, such as the new mosque in Abidjan's Plateau district, because the Islamic duty to give alms daily may attract beggars to neighborhoods containing mosques. (references) |
Political Economy | SWEDEN | Most raw materials are imported duty free. (references) |
BAHRAIN | By contrast, the tobacco import duty increased from 70 to 100 percent. (references) | |
Political Rights | Ecuador | The law does not permit active duty members of the military to vote. (references) |
Dominican Republic | There is universal adult suffrage; however, active duty police and military personnel may not vote. (references) | |
Burma | By year's end, active duty or retired military officers occupied 37 of the 39 ministerial-level positions. (references) | |
Trade | Sweden | E-commerce is subject to customs duty. (references) |
Armenia | All exports from Armenia are duty free. (references) | |
Spain | A bond equivalent to the duty is charged. (references) | |
Travel | Indonesia | Cardiologist on duty 24 hours/day. (references) |
Ghana | The personal baggage of a visitor is admitted free of duty. (references) | |
Syria | Dual national males are subject to Syrian military duty laws. (references) | |
Women | Germany | The first group of 244 women reported for duty on January 2. (references) |
Jordan | Male Muslim heirs have the duty to provide for all family members who need assistance. (references) | |
Brazil | For example, 20 percent lacked a conventional telephone line, 53 percent lacked police officers trained in dealing with violence against women, and 77 percent did not have an officer on duty 24 hours a day. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Colombia | In February the authorities arrested active duty police captain Carlos Gomez. (references) |
Chile | Labor laws apply in the duty free zones; there are no export processing zones. (references) | |
Argentina | The primary commercial advantages of these zones are related to customs and duty exemptions. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | DISOBEY, v.t. To celebrate with an appropriate ceremony the maturity of a command. His right to govern me is clear as day, My duty manifest to disobey; And if that fit observance e'er I shut May I and duty be alike undone. Israfel Brown |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Gerald Ford | My conscience tells me it is my duty, not merely to proclaim domestic tranquility, but to use every means that I have to ensure it. |
Rush Limbaugh | It's your duty to listen. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | The acceptance of and continuance hitherto in the office to which your suffrages have twice called me have been a uniform sacrifice of inclination to the opinion of duty and to a deference to what appeared to be your desire. |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | On taking this station on a former occasion I declared the principles on which I believed it my duty to administer Commonwealth. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | I deem it my duty again to call your attention to the condition of the District of Columbia. |
Abraham Lincoln | 1861-1865 | His duty is to administer the present Government as it came to his hands and to transmit it unimpaired by him to his successor. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | At the same time it is imperative that we relieve those who have already done their duty, and that we relieve them as fast as we can. |
Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 | In a few days it will be his duty to outline for you his priorities and legislative recommendations. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | For every right that you cherish, you have a duty which you must fulfill. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | Today marks my first State of the Union address to you, a constitutional duty as old as our Republic itself. |
George Bush | 1989-1993 | Let them say, we stood where duty required us to stand. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | Where there is suffering, there is duty. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Duty" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.99% of the time. "Duty" is used about 8,071 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.99% | 8,070 | 1,195 |
| Total | 100.00% | 8,071 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "duty" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Duty | Last name | 2,000 | 5,277 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Greece | Hellenic Duty Free Shops S.A. | Mexico | Latinoamericana Duty Free S.A. de C.V. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "duty": a breach of duty ♦ accept smb.'s duty ♦ active duty ♦ Ad valorem duty ♦ after duty ♦ back duty ♦ be off duty ♦ be on duty ♦ be on guard duty ♦ be on picket duty ♦ breach of duty ♦ call duty ♦ civic duty ♦ come short of one's duty ♦ compensatory duty ♦ counter duty ♦ countervailing duty ♦ countervailing excise duty ♦ customs duty ♦ death duty ♦ deck duty ♦ dereliction of duty ♦ designed duty of water ♦ differential duty ♦ do duty ♦ do duty for ♦ do one's duty ♦ doctor on duty ♦ duty assignment ♦ duty attained ♦ duty call ♦ duty calls ♦ duty cycle ♦ duty factor ♦ duty free ♦ duty free allowances ♦ duty free articles ♦ duty free shop ♦ duty hours ♦ duty line ♦ duty list ♦ duty of water ♦ duty officer ♦ duty oficcer ♦ duty or tax or fee account code ♦ duty or tax or fee category code ♦ duty paid ♦ duty period ♦ duty pump ♦ duty regime type code ♦ duty roster ♦ duty rota ♦ duty station ♦ duty student ♦ duty time ♦ Duty to Warn ♦ duty tour ♦ duty week ♦ estate duty ♦ excise duty ♦ export duty ♦ extra duty ♦ fail in one's duty ♦ farm duty ♦ Fatigue duty ♦ feudal duty ♦ fiduciary duty ♦ filial duty ♦ flight duty period ♦ free of duty ♦ garrison duty officer ♦ gift duty ♦ go off duty ♦ goods liable to duty ♦ guard duty ♦ have a sad duty ♦ heavy duty ♦ heavy duty cleaner ♦ heavy duty equipment ♦ heavy duty oils ♦ hours of duty on call ♦ import duty ♦ in duty bound ♦ in duty to ♦ increment duty ♦ infraction of duty ♦ jury duty ♦ lapse from duty ♦ Legacy duty ♦ legal duty ♦ levy duty on ♦ liable to duty ♦ licence duty ♦ line duty ♦ line of duty ♦ marital duty ♦ moral duty ♦ neglect of duty ♦ net duty ♦ night duty ♦ off duty. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "duty": duty-based, duty-bearer, duty-beats, duty-boat, duty-bound, duty-conscious, duty-free, duty-free zone, duty-frees, duty-made, duty-neuron, duty-paid, duty-room, duty-roster, duty-rotas, Duty-sergeant, duty-suspended, duty-type. | |
Ending with "duty": night-duty, off-duty. | |
Containing "duty": off-duty watch. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
duty free | 337 | dubai duty free | 54 |
jury duty | 328 | in the line of duty | 54 |
duty free cigarette | 315 | ford super duty | 45 |
call of duty | 254 | cleaner duty heavy list | 45 |
caster heavy duty | 209 | duty get jury | 42 |
duty free shop | 132 | import duty | 39 |
tour of duty | 130 | bridesmaid duty | 38 |
duty | 125 | super duty | 37 |
maid of honor duty | 123 | duty free store | 36 |
heavy duty truck | 120 | project manager duty | 32 |
dereliction of duty | 106 | duty jury sfgov.org | 31 |
chevy duty | 99 | customs duty | 30 |
duty free shopping | 87 | duty of an executor | 30 |
heavy duty | 84 | duty hevi sola | 30 |
stamp duty | 82 | beyond call cheat commando duty | 29 |
heavy duty shelving | 71 | heavy duty hinge | 29 |
best man duty | 70 | duty cycle | 26 |
medium duty truck | 64 | duty of care | 25 |
commando beyond the call of duty | 60 | line of duty | 25 |
heavy duty truck part | 57 | canada duty free | 25 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "duty"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | verpligting (obligation), plig (obligation). (various references) | |
Albanian | detyrë (assignation, assignment, burden, business, chore, devoir, exercise, job, labor, labour, mission, obligation, office, ought, place, project, seal, task, task-work, tie, trust). (various references) | |
Arabic | فرض (order), فريضة (obligation), مهمة (assignment, business, charge, commission, designation, errand, function, job, mission, office, place, stint, task, undertaking, work), مسئولية (charge), واجب (assignment, charge, imperative, must, obligation, office, onus, ought, task, trust), خدمة عسكرية (military service, service), خدمة (employ, favor, favour, service, serving), الشغل المؤدى. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | уважение (admiration, consideration, credit, deference, esteem, estimation, homage, honor, honour, obeisance, observance, piety, regard, respect, reverence, worship), служба (body, employment, function, job, office, place, position, post, room, service, situation), военна служба (hitch), морално задължение, мощност (capacity, force, power, strength), мито (custom, imposition, impost), задължение (bond, call, char, charge, commitment, committal, engagement, guaranty, job, liability, obligation, office, onus, place, recognizance, responsibility, tie), правно задължение, повинност (obligation, service), полезно действие (effect, efficacy), подчинение (conformity, obedience, subdual, subjection, subjugation, submission), дълг (credit, debt, devoir, indebtedness, liability, office, part, score, trust), дежурство, дежурен (orderly), данък (aid, cess, imposition, impost, lot, scot, tax, tribute). (various references) | |
Catalan | deure (obligation). (various references) | |
Chinese | 關稅 (tariff), 責任 (blame, responsibility), 責 (responsibility, to blame, to reproach), 職 (office), 義務 (obligation, voluntary, volunteer), 义务 (Obligation, Voluntaries, Voluntary), 任務 (assignment, mission, role, task), 仔 (minutely, responsibility, young). (various references) | |
Czech | služba (Favor, favour, ministration, office, service, turn, utility), povinnost (business, commitment, devoir, incumbency, job, liability, obligation, onus, part, responsibility), oddanost (adherence, attachment, dedication, devotion), clo (customs, levy, tariff, tax). (various references) | |
Danish | pligt (obligation). (various references) | |
Dutch | verplichting (obligation), plicht (obligation). (various references) | |
Esperanto | devo (obligation). (various references) | |
Farsi | فرض (Assumption, Guess, Hypothesis, If, Liability, Posit, Presumption, Supposition, Thesis), ماموریت (Agency, Assignment, Errand, Function, Mission, Tour), کار (Act, Activity, Affair, Appointment, Avocation, Deed, Fist, Function, Job, Office, Opus, Ploy, Proposition, Service, Shebang, Task, Thing, Vocation, Work, Workmanship), گماشت (Appointment), وظیفه (Assignment, Function, Incumbency, Obligation, Office, Role, Service, Task, Taskwork, Work), تکلیف (Imposition, Task), عوارض (Due, Imposition, Toll), خدمت (Attendance, Office, Service). (various references) | |
Finnish | velvollisuus (obligation). (various references) | |
French | obligation. (various references) | |
Frisian | belestingfrij (duty-free, tax-free). (various references) | |
German | pflicht (compulsory exercises, compulsory section, function, obligation, office, onus, part, responsibility, task, trust), verpflichtung (bond, booking, commitment, committal, debt, engagement, engaging, enlistment, incumbency, liability, obligation, responsibility, signing on, signing up, undertaking), steuer (control column, controls, handlebars, helm, imposition, joystick, levy, rudder, steering wheel, steering-wheel, tax, tiller, wheel), gebühr (charge, commission, fee, obligation, postage, tax, toll), zoll (customs, customs duty, Duane, inch, toll, tribute), obliegenheit (incumbency, obligation), Betriebszeit (machine time, operating time, power-on time, up time, uptime), Aufgabe (abandonment, assigned job, assignment, business, checking in, discontinuation, dispatch, dropping, exercise, function, giving up, homework, insertion, job, labor, labour, mailing, mission, placing, problem, purpose, question, registration, release, relinquishment, remit, renouncement, renunciation, retirement, serve, service, stint, surrender, task, vacation, work), amt (authority, bureau, charge, department, exchange, function, job, office, post, task, trunk), abgabe (contribution, delivery, depositing, emission, handing in, submission, tax, tribute). (various references) | |
Greek | καθήκον αρδευτικού ύδατος (duty of water), καθήκον (task), καθήκο (devoir, mission), βάρδια (guard), χρέοσ (debit, debt, indebtedness), θέση λειτουργίας, δασμόσ (customs, impost), δασμοί. (various references) | |
Hawaiian | detyrë (obligation). (various references) | |
Hebrew | משמרת (custody, guard, keeping, preserving), משמרה (custody, guard, post, service, watch), משימה (assignment, intention, job, mission, objective, task, undertaking), מכס (customs, levy, scot, toll, tribute), מצוה (behest, command, commandment, law, obligation, precept), מס (fee, impost, levy, scot, tax, tribute), תפקיד (assignment, charge, command, function, mission, order, part, place, role, stint, task), חובה (blame, guilt, must, obligation), התחיבות (commitment, liability, obligation, pledge, responsibility, undertaking). (various references) | |
Hungarian | vám (customs, customs duty, tariff, toll), tiszteletadás (compliment, deference, honours, obeisance, regard), szolgálat (charge, conscription, employ, ministration, office, service, serving, turn of duty), kötelesség (charge, devoir, function, incumbency, obligation, ought, role), illeték (death duties, dues, fee), adó (cess, contribution, dues, impost, tax, transmitter, transmitting, tribute). (various references) | |
Indonesian | darma (good deed, obligation, service), wajib (must, obligation, obligatory), tugas (assignment, chore, mission, task), kewajiban (conscript, obligation), cukai (excise duty, tariff, tax, toll), belasting (tax). (various references) | |
Irish | dualgas. (various references) | |
Italian | dovere (be bound to, be compelled to, be due, be forced to, be to, charge, feel bound to, have to, must, need, obligation, office, ought, ought to, owe, shall, should, take), servizio (attendance, Favor, favour, handling, office, operating, operation, report, run, serve, service, service charge, set, waiting). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 係 (official, person in charge). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | にんむ (function, mission, office, task), やくめ (business), やくまわり (part, role), やくぎ (responsibility, role), いちぶん (a sentence, honor), かんぜい (box and cover, customs, damage from cold weather, deep emotion, drought damage, drought disaster, irrigation, outside a building, persuasion, strong feelings, tariff, urging), かかり (expense, official, person in charge), せきむ (obligation), じんぎ (gods of heaven and earth, humanity and justice, moral code, sacred treasure, the three sacred treasures), にん (adult, character, charge, human being, kernel, man, man of talent, mankind, messenger, obligation, other people, people, person, personality, responsibility, true man, visitor), ぎり (courtesy, debt of gratitude, decency, honor, sense of duty, social obligation), ほんむ (regular business), ほんりょう (characteristic, original fief, proper function, speciality), つとめ (Buddhist religious services, business, responsibility, service, task), ふくむ (public service, to be charged or loaded with, to be dripping with, to be full of, to be suffused with, to bear in mind, to cherish, to comprise, to contain, to embrace, to harbor, to have, to hold, to hold in the mouth, to include, to understand), ぶん (branch, degree, detached, dividing, kind, lot, one's lot, one's status, part, rate, ration, relation, segment, sentence, share), きんむ (service, work), ぜいきん (tax, working away from the office), ぎむ (obligation, responsibility), せきにん (responsibility). (various references) | |
Korean | 의무 (Duties, Obligation, Obligatory, Onus). (various references) | |
Malay | kewajiban (obligation). (various references) | |
Manx | tailley (fare, fee, impost, notch, score, tally, tally-stick), keesh (tax, toll, tribute; Scot), jiootee, currym (appointment, assignment, benefice, business, care, custody, engagement, funeral, guardianship, obligation, portfolio, post, responibility, task, trust), curmal (appoint, enforce, enjoin, impose, regulate). (various references) | |
Norwegian | toll (customs), plikt. (various references) | |
Papiamen | deber (obligation). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | utyday.(various references) | |
Polish | obowiązek (obligation). (various references) | |
Portuguese | dever (be obliged, charge, debt, devoir, have to, must, obligation, office, onus, ought, ought to, owe, place, shall, should, thank, trust, would), obrigação (burden, business, commitment, devoir, due, engagement, function, job, labor, labour, must, office, onus, ought, promissory, responsibility, shall, trust, would). (various references) | |
Romanian | datorie (assignment, bond, business, credit, debt, due, indebtedness, obligation, office, part, responsibility), dare (assessment, barter, ejaculation, giving, rendering, rendition, rent, scot, tax, taxation), taxe vamale (custom, custom duties), taxã (charge, contribution, custom, fee, rate, scot, style, tariff, tax, toll), slujbã (berth, celebration, employ, employment, office, post, service, situation, spot, work), responsabilitate (accountability, charge, liability, responsibility), respect (consideration, deference, esteem, estimation, homage, obeisance, observance, observancy, regard, respect, reverence), rãspundere (accountability, burden, liability, onus, responsibility), ocupaţie (activity, business, employment, engagement, holding, job, metier, occupation, profession, situation, trade, work), obligaţie (bond, business, commitment, imposition, indebtedness, liability, obligation, onus, part, pledge, plight, recognizance, servitude, stint, task), impozit (contribution, due, impost, scot, tax, taxation, toll, tribute), folosire (application, availability, employment, practice, usage, use, utilization), contribuţie (contribution, levy, making, rate, role, share, shot, tax), întrebuinţare (employment, reliance, usage, use, utilization), îndatorire (indebtedness, liability, obligation, office, part). (various references) | |
Russian | служебный (ancillary, official, on-duty, service), сбор (acquisition, collection, dues, gathering, levy, livies, muster), работа (dead horse, job, labor, labour, making, operation, proceedings, service, work, working), обязанность;пошлина (duties), обязанность (charge, obligation, office, ought, responsibilities), почтение (homage, obeisance, respect, respects, reverence), пошлина (custom, duties and customs, toll), повинность, долг (debt, devoir, incumbency, liability, onus, ought), дежурство (daily duty, maintenance standby, turn of duty, vigil). (various references) | |
Scottish | drèachd , dreuchd, dleasannas, dleas , dleasnas, dleas. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | dužnost (incumbency, obligation, office, part, post, trust), obaveza (bond, call, liability, must, obligation, undertaking), carinski (revenue), carina (customs, revenue, tariff). (various references) | |
Spanish | deber (due, encumbrance, job, must, obligation, onus, ought, owe, part, remit, shall, should, suppose, task, term, thing, trust), servicio (attendance, attention, church service, conciliation, handling, house charge, liturgy, ministration, servants, service, service charge, serving, trust, waiting, worship service). (various references) | |
Swahili | ushuru (customs duty). (various references) | |
Swedish | tull (custom-house, customs, customs duty, dues, entrnace to a town, impost, the, the customs officer, toll, Tollgate), tjänst (appointment, employment, Favor, favour, office, service, situation), plikt (fine, liability, obligation, office), bestyr (cares, management, task, trouble, work), åliggande (obligation). (various references) | |
Thai | ความรับผิดชอบ (job), ภาษี (tax). (various references) | |
Turkish | yükümlülük (charge, compulsion, encumbrance, engagement, function, impost, incumbency, liability, obligation, onus, ought, responsibility), vergi (assessment, dues, excise, gabelle, imposition, impost, scot, tax), hizmet (employment, function, labor, labor intensive, labour, labour intensive, ministration, ministry, service), gümrük vergisi (customs duty, tariff), görev (appointment, assignment, billet, business, charge, commission, devoir, employment, function, incumbency, job, mission, office, part, piece of work, position, service, situation, stint, task, work, workings), ödev (assignment, homework, incumbency, obligation, schoolwork, task, theme). (various references) | |
Turkmen | яumuю (errand), nesяe, narяad (order, warrant), karz, borз. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | функція (function, office), військова повинність (conscription), відправа (prayer), обов'язок (business, devoir, incumbency, obligation, obligement, office, onus, responsibility, task, tie). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | trách nhiệm phận sự, sự tôn kính (cult, deference, homage, reverence, veneration), phiên làm, phần việc làm, nhiệm vụ (devoir, onus, task), chức vụ (abdication, post, spot), công việc (action, business, busyness, job, occupation, thing, work). (various references) | |
Welsh | dyletswydd (obligation). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | absentia, colius, indictio, iora, iosue, iura, iure, iuris, ius, iusque, munera, munere, muneribus, muneris, munerum, munus, numenius, officia, officii, officiis, officio, officium, provincia, provinciae, provinciam, provinciarum, provincias, provinciis. (various references) |
| Avestan | 200-600 | nemô, nemangha. (various references) |
| Old French | 900-1400 | deu, dever. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Luke Chapter 17, Verse 10 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | OutwV kai umeiV otan poihshte panta ta diatacqenta umin legete oti douloi acreioi esmen oti o wfeilomen poihsai pepoihkamen |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Sic et vos cum feceritis omnia quae praecepta sunt vobis dicite servi inutiles sumus quod debuimus facere fecimus |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | Swa ys eow onne ge doð eall þæt eow beboden vs. cweþað unnytte þeowas we synt we dvdon þæt we don sceolld on:-- |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | Nay, Y gesse. So ye, whanne ye han don alle thingis that ben comaundid to you, seie ye, We ben vnprofitable seruauntis, we han do that that we ouyten to do. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | Soo lyke wyse ye when ye have done all thoose thinges which are commaunded you: saye we are vnprofitable servautes. We have done: ye which was oure duetye to do. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | So likewise ye, when ye shall have done all those things which are commanded you, say, We are unprofitable servants: we have done that which was our duty to do. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | So likewise ye, when ye shall have done all the things which are commanded you, say, We are unprofitable servants: we have done that which it was our duty to do. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | In the same way, when you have done all the things which are given you to do, say, There is no profit in us, for we have only done what we were ordered to do. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Luke Chapter 17, Verse 10 |
| Cebuano | Maingon man usab niini kamo, sa makabuhat na kamo sa tanang gisugo kaninyo, umingon kamo, `Kami mga ulipon nga walay hinungdan, kay kami igo lamang nagbuhat sa kinahanglan among pagabuhaton ingon nga among katungdanan.`" |
| Chinese | 這 樣 、 你 們 作 完 了 一 切 所 吩 咐 的 、 只 當 說 、 我 們 是 無 用 的 僕 人 ． 所 作 的 本 是 我 們 應 分 作 的 。 |
| Croatian | Tako i vi: kad izvršite sve što vam je nareðeno, recite: 'Sluge smo beskorisne! Uèinismo što smo bili dužni uèiniti!'" |
| Danish | Således skulle også I, når I have gjort alle de Ting, som ere eder befalede, sige: Vi ere unyttige Tjenere; kun hvad vi vare skyldige at gøre, have vi gjort." |
| Dutch | Alzo ook gij, wanneer gij zult gedaan hebben al hetgeen u bevolen is, zo zegt: Wij zijn onnutte dienstknechten; want wij hebben maar gedaan, hetgeen wij schuldig waren te doen. |
| Finnish | Niin myös te, kun olette tehneet kaiken, mitä teidän on käsketty tehdä, sanokaa: `Me olemme ansiottomia palvelijoita; olemme tehneet vain sen, minkä olimme velvolliset tekemään`." |
| French | Vous de même, quand vous avez fait tout ce qui vous a été ordonné, dites: Nous sommes des serviteurs inutiles, nous avons fait ce que nous devions faire. |
| German | Also auch ihr; wenn ihr alles getan habt, was euch befohlen ist, so sprechet: Wir sind unnütze Knechte; wir haben getan, was wir zu tun schuldig waren. |
| Haitian Creole | Se menm jan an tou pou nou, lè nou fin fè tou sa yo te mande nou fè, se pou n' di: Se domestik nou ye, nou fè sa n' te dwe fè. |
| Hungarian | Ezenképen ti is, ha mindazokat megcselekedtétek, a mik néktek parancsoltattak, mondjátok, hogy: Haszontalan szolgák vagyunk; mert a mit kötelesek voltunk cselekedni, azt cselekedtük. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Begitu juga kalian. Kalau kalian sudah melakukan semua yang diperintahkan kepadamu, katakanlah, 'Kami hanya pelayan biasa; kami hanya melakukan kewajiban kami.'" |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Demikianlah juga kamu, apabila kamu sudah berbuat segala perkara yang diperintahkan atasmu itu, berkatalah: Bahwa kami ini hamba yang tiada berguna; kami hanya berbuat barang yang wajib atas kami." |
| Italian | Così anche voi, quando avrete fatto tutto quello che vi è stato ordinato, dite: Siamo servi inutili. Abbiamo fatto quanto dovevamo fare». |
| Latvian | Es nedomâju. Tâ arî jûs, kad izpildîsiet visu, kas jums uzdots, sakiet: Mçs esam nederîgi kalpi, mçs darîjâm to, ko mums vajadzçja darît. |
| Maori | Waihoki ko koutou, ka oti nga mea katoa i whakahaua ai koutou, ka ki atu, He pononga huakore matou; ko ta matou i mea ai ko te mea ano i whakaritea kia mahia e matou. |
| Norwegian | Således skal også I, når I har gjort alt det som er eder pålagt, si: Vi er unyttige tjenere; vi har bare gjort det vi var skyldige å gjøre. |
| Rumanian | Tot awa wi voi, dupqce veyi face tot ce vi s`a poruncit, sq ziceyi: ,,Skntem niwte robi netrebnici; am fqcut ce eram datori sq facem.`` |
| Russian | фБЛ Й ЧЩ, ЛПЗДБ ЙУРПМОЙФЕ ЧУЈ РПЧЕМЕООПЕ ЧБН, ЗПЧПТЙФЕ: НЩ ТБВЩ ОЙЮЕЗП ОЕ УФПСЭЙЕ, РПФПНХ ЮФП УДЕМБМЙ, ЮФП ДПМЦОЩ ВЩМЙ УДЕМБФШ. |
| Shuar | Atumsha Núnisrumek Yus Túramna nu Ashí umikiam "ti penker Túraitjai" Tíchatniuitme. Antsu "aya ii Túratniuri ana nuke tura asar iikia ántraitji" Títiniaitme." Tu Tímiayi Jesus. |
| Swahili | Hali kadhalika na ninyi mkisha fanya yote mliyoamriwa, semeni: `Sisi ni watumishi tusio na faida, tumetimiza tu yale tuliyotakiwa kufanya."` |
| Swedish | Sammalunda, när I haven gjort allt som har blivit eder befallt, då skolen I säga: 'Vi äro blott ringa tjänare: vi hava endast gjort vad vi voro pliktiga att göra.'" |
| Uma | Wae wo'o koi'. Ane oti-mi nituku' hawe'ea to napahawa' -kokoi Alata'ala, uli' -mi-hana: `Kai' -kaiwo-le, batua biasa-wadi-ka-kaiwo. To kibabehi-le, muntu' to rapahawa' -kakai.'" |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Misspellings | |
"Duty" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: aduti, dathy, dati, dauty, Dbutil, detty, deyt, dhuti, dicty, dipty, diti, dity, dixty, Dlugy, donty, dooty, doti, dotie, dotsy, douay, dovy, dt, dtu, duay, Duby, ducti, ducty, Dudie, dudy, Duetti, dugty, dugy, Dumycz, dupt, dupty, durty, dury, dut, dute, duth, Duthy, dutie, dutp, dutty, dutys, Duvy, duy, dwt, huty, juty, luty, muty, Ndutu, outy, suty, tuty, Udry, Udts, Udy, uti, uty. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "duty" (pronounced duw"tē or dyuw"tē) |
| 3 | -uw" t ē | beauty, bootie, booty, fluty, fruity, snooty, sooty, Tutti. |
| 4 | -y uw" t ē | beauty. |
| 3 | -uw" t ē | bootie, booty, fluty, fruity, snooty, sooty, Tutti. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "d-t-u-y" | |
-2 letters: ut. | |
| Words containing the letters "d-t-u-y" | |
+1 letter: dusty, study. | |
+2 letters: adytum, deputy, nudity, studly, sturdy, untidy. | |
+3 letters: adultly, crudity, custody, doughty, drouthy, duality, dubiety, dustily, duvetyn, mutedly, restudy, tumidly, tutoyed, viduity. | |
+4 letters: adultery, audacity, auditory, autodyne, bodysuit, caducity, cupidity, custardy, dactylus, devoutly, disunity, draughty, droughty, dulcetly, duvetyne, duvetyns, dyestuff, fluidity, humidity, huntedly, industry, lucidity, mucidity, mustardy, outstudy, outyield, punditry, putridly, quiddity, rotundly, sedulity, studying, stupidly, sturdily, sudatory, thundery, tumidity, turbidly, turgidly, udometry, ultradry, unitedly, unstayed, unsteady, untidily, untrendy, yuletide. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Familiar 10. Quotations: Historic 11. Quotations: Fiction 12. Quotations: Non-fiction | 13. Quotations: Spoken 14. Quotations: Speeches 15. Usage Frequency 16. Names: Frequency | 17. Names: Company Usage 18. Expressions 19. Expressions: Internet 20. Translations: Modern | 21. Translations: Ancient 22. Bible Trace 23. Derivations 24. Rhymes | 25. Anagrams 26. Bibliography |
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