Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Definition: Criticism |
CriticismNoun1. Disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings; "the senator received severe criticism from his opponent". 2. A serious examination and judgment of something; "constructive criticism is always appreciated". 3. A written evaluation of a work of literature. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "criticism" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1615. (references) |
Synonyms: CriticismSynonyms: critique (n), literary criticism (n), unfavorable judgment (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Detraction | Sarcasm, cynicism; criticism (disapprobation); invective; envenomed tongue; spretae injuria formae. |
Disapprobation | Animadversion, reflection, stricture, objection, exception, criticism; sardonic grin, sardonic laugh; sarcasm, insinuation, innuendo; bad compliment, poor compliment, left-handed compliment. |
Dissertation | Commentary, review, critique, criticism, article; leader, leading article; editorial; running commentary. |
Judgment | Award, estimate; review, criticism, critique, notice, report. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | In recent years, especially, there has been a great deal of criticism about this award. (The 46th Annual Academy Awards; writing credit: Marty Farrell) It wasn't meant as a criticism. (EZ Streets; writing credit: Paul Haggis; Curt Johnson) | |
Clever | For every action there is an equal and opposite criticism. (references; author: unknown) We could all take a lesson from the weather. It pays no attention to criticism. (references; author: unknown) All of us could take a lesson from the weather. It pays no attention to criticism. (references; author: unknown) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
![]() | Struggle, criticism, transformation. Credit: Library of Congress. | ![]() | No more rotton politics, nothing can be gained from mere criticism, now our party is putting out a realistic social welfare plan to realize people's wishes; this is the first such action in any party history. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Disraeli | Candor is the brightest gem of criticism. |
Elbert Hubbard | To avoid criticism, do nothing, say nothing, be nothing. |
Henri Frederic Amiel | Sympathy is the first condition of criticism. |
Joseph Addison | Their is no defense against criticism except obscurity. |
Octavio Paz | What distinguishes modern art from the art of other ages is criticism. |
| Social criticism begins with grammar and the re-establishing of meanings. | |
Plautus | I much prefer a compliment, insincere or not, to sincere criticism. |
William Gilmore Simms | The dread of criticism is the death of genius. |
Zeuxis | Criticism comes easier than craftsmanship. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | It may perhaps be censured as an impertinent criticism, in a discourse of this nature, to find fault with words and names, that have obtained in the world: and yet possibly it may not be amiss to offer new ones, when the old are apt to lead men into mistakes, as this of paternal power probably has done, which seems so to place the power of parents over their children wholly in the father, as if the mother had no share in it; whereas, if we consult reason or revelation, we shall find, she hath an equal title. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | For instance, beneath the French criticism of the economic functions of money, they wrote "Alienation of Humanity," and beneath the French criticism of the bourgeois State they wrote "dethronement of the Category of the General," and so forth. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | |
Sylvie and Bruno Concluded | Carroll, Lewis | Even the little boots did not miss their share of favourable criticism. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | Direct criticism of the Government, especially in print media, is severe and commonplace. (references) | |
The press continued to avoid direct criticism of the Government and exercised self-censorship. (references) | ||
The plans to increase air traffic at Skavsta have therefore drawn very little criticism from residential areas. (references) | ||
Children | Seychelles | There was criticism that the police failed to investigate vigorously charges of child abuse. (references) |
Morocco | Adoptive servitude is accepted socially, is unregulated by the Government, and has only in recent years begun to attract public criticism. (references) | |
Ethiopia | In the Afar region of the east, young girls continue to be married to much older men, but this traditional practice is coming under greater scrutiny and criticism. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Burkina Faso | The President and his Government remain sensitive to criticism. (references) |
Oman | The law prohibits criticism of the Sultan in any form or medium. (references) | |
Italy | Courts are sensitive to criticism and impose fines for defamation. (references) | |
Discrimination | Hong Kong | Past criticism of the organization for passivity and for emphasizing conciliation instead of acting as a watchdog or pursuing court cases disappeared as the Commission has become increasingly activist in its approach. (references) |
Economic History | Bahamas | Foreign investors are sometimes the targets of criticism in the news media. (references) |
Democratic Republic of Congo | Mobutu's attempts to quell these groups drew significant international criticism. (references) | |
Human Rights | Netherlands | The CPT's criticism focused on overcrowding, extremely poor sanitary conditions, poor food, and insufficient ventilation. (references) |
Ghana | In recent years, the police service in particular has come under severe criticism following incidents of police brutality, corruption, and negligence. (references) | |
Uzbekistan | In addition the alleged "crimes" include such political acts as criticism of the Government and holding beliefs that the Government defines as extremist. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Ecuador | Oil companies increased their efforts to minimize the environmental and social impact of their oil projects in the Amazon but continued to face criticism from indigenous groups that environmental damage continues. (references) |
Minorities | Ethiopia | Despite the country's broad level of religious freedom and tolerance for established faiths, there continued to be pockets of interreligious tension and criticism during the year. (references) |
Hong Kong | In the face of growing criticism, the Government began to gauge public opinion on the need for antiracism legislation, but maintained its stance that better education on the subject, not new legislation, was the solution. (references) | |
Political Economy | THE BAHAMAS | The total package had drawn heavy criticism from both Bahamian employers and trade unions. (references) |
Tunisia | However, direct criticism of Government policies or officials remains restricted and rare. (references) | |
Slovak Republic | On at least one occasion the Government used libel laws to suppress criticism of political leaders. (references) | |
Political Rights | Comoros | In 1999 in response to international criticism, Azali appointed a civilian Prime Minister, Bianrifi Tarmidi; however, Azali remains the Head of State and army Commander in Chief. (references) |
Saudi Arabia | Typical topics raised in a majlis include complaints about bureaucratic delay or insensitivity, requests for personal redress or assistance, and criticism of particular acts of government affecting family welfare. (references) | |
Mali | In November the Government postponed indefinitely the referendum, which had been scheduled for December 23, due to increasing criticism and opposition from civil society and opposition parties and a failure to achieve an acceptable consensus. (references) | |
Trade | Ukraine | They have come under heavy criticism from the International Monetary Fund, since to a significant extent, investments in these zones seem to come at the expense of investments elsewhere in the country. (references) |
Portugal | Nevertheless, Portuguese banks remain relatively small by European standards and the next few years could witness considerable cross-border integration within the EU. An effort by the Portuguese Government to limit Spanish ownership in the Champalimaud group of banks has prompted criticism from the European Union. (references) | |
Travel | Philippines | Be as gentle as possible and always make it a point to end the meeting with some show of personal concern for his family to make him feel he is still part of the team and that the criticism is not personal. (references) |
Women | Japan | The AWF has reached an agreement with a Dutch affiliate to make compensation payments to former Dutch comfort women; government officials estimate that up to 100 Dutch women were forced to provide sexual services during World War II. However, the Government's refusal to pay direct compensation continues to draw international criticism. (references) |
Worker Rights | Kyrgyz Republic | According to the Federation, the Government has taken no action in response to this criticism. (references) |
Mexico | In 1998 the COE and the ILO Committee on Application of Standards reiterated their criticism and asked the Government to amend the law. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Mark Shields | Thursday night in New York City at a political dinner, Vice President Cheney had some criticism for those who are raising questions. Let's look at it. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | The compositions published under her name are below the dignity of criticism. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | However, we are against those entrusted with this program when they practice deception regarding its fiscal shortcomings, when they charge that any criticism of the program means that we want to end payments. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Criticism" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Criticism" is used about 4,760 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 4,760 | 2,059 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "criticism": a slashing criticism ♦ adverse criticism ♦ be beneath criticism ♦ criticism barbs ♦ criticism disapprobation ♦ criticism of literature ♦ direct a criticism against ♦ empirio criticism ♦ harsh criticism ♦ higher criticism ♦ historical criticism ♦ history and criticism of literature ♦ literary criticism ♦ lower criticism ♦ mild criticism ♦ new criticism ♦ objective criticism ♦ petty criticism ♦ poignant criticism ♦ scathing criticism ♦ sharp criticism ♦ subject smb. to criticism ♦ suppress criticism ♦ textual criticism ♦ under criticism ♦ verbal criticism. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "criticism": criticism-wise. | |
Ending with "criticism": art-criticism, neo-criticism, over-criticism, self-criticism. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "criticism"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Afrikaans | beoordeling. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | kritikë (attack, castigation, censure, critique, hit, roast, slam, stricture). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | ملاحظة نقدية, مقالة نقدية (critique), نقد (cash, commentary, criticize, critique, money, paper, rave, recourse, review), تخطئة, إنتقاد (cut, quibble). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | критика (animadversion, appreciation, comment, critique, potshot, reflection), преценка (adjudgment, appraisal, assessment, calculation, estimate, estimation, judgement, opinion, pronouncement, sapience, sight, valuation, verdict). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 批評 (to criticize), 批评 (Backbiting, Criticise, Criticised, Criticising, criticize, Critique). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | kritika (critique, review). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | kritik. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | kritiek (critical), beoordeling (appraisal, judging), aanmerking (observation, remark, reproof). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Esperanto | kritiko. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | نکوهش (Remonstrance, Reproof), نقدگری , نقدادبی , عیبجوءی (Denunciation, Knock), انتقاد (Censure, Gaff). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | kritiikki (critique), arvostelu (critique, review), arvosteleminen (criticizing, judgement). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | critique (critic, critical, criticalness, critique, crucial), criticisme. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Frisian | krityk. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | kritik (crit, critics, critique, cutup, discrimination, knock, notice, review, stricture, write up). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | κριτική (critique, review, reviews), επίκριση (animadversion, castigation, censure, railing, reproof, stricture). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | בקורת (censure, check, commentary, control, inquiry, inspection, review, stricture), בקרתיות. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | kritika (crab, critique, flak). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | cercaan (disdain), timbangan (opinion, pair of scales, rather than, weights), penggugatan (accusing, claiming), gugatan (accusation, claim, suit), bahas (investigation, research, study). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | critica (comment, critical essay, critics, critique, review, stricture, write up). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | "' (attack, censure, offensive, strike). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | ひは" (comment, judgement), ろ"ぴょう (comment), ろ"きつ, ろ"な" (censure), "う'き (attack, censure, offensive, strike), "うひょう (criticize, favorable reputation, hailstorm, high reputation, official announcement, popular opinion, popularity, proclamation, review, your esteemed opinion), クリティシズ , べ"な" (denunciation), し " (attack, blame, disdain, division, historical story, poetic circles, rejection, world of poetry), ひ"ぴょう (comment, estimation), ひょう (a council, bag counter, bale, ballot, chart, commentary, hail, label, lean on, leopard, lie heavy, list, panther, recline on, sack, sign, straw bag, table, threat, ticket), ひょうろ" (critique), ひひょう (commentary, review), ひな" (attack, blame, finding shelter, taking refuge), ひぎ (blaming, censure, criticizing, ritual, sanctum sanctorum, secret ceremony, secret technique), ほうへ" (praise and censure). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 비판. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | foilshirrey, cremeydys (disapprobation), baghteyrys (critique). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Papiamen | krítika. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | iticismcray crítica (accusation, animadversion, comment, crab, review, squib). (various references) criticã (attack, bar, critique, reviewal), judecare (appreciation, censure, condemnation, estimate, estimation, judgement). (various references) критика (animadversion, critique, critiques). (various references) zamerka (objection, reproach, stricture), osuda (censure, condemnation, conviction, denunciation, disapproval, excoriation, verdict), kritika (castigation, critique, knock), kriticizam. (various references) crítica (appreciation, censure, chicane, critique, indictment, notice, reflection, reflexion, review, stricture), reparo (cavil, demur, indemnity, objection, observation, remark, repair, reproof), censura (animadversion, blackout, blame, censor, censorship, censure, condensation, denunciation, observation, remark, reproach, reproof, stricture, viewing). (various references) kritik (animadversion, comment, criticisms, critics, critik, judgement, judgment, knock, reflection, review), anmärkning (animadversion, bad mark, comment, demerit, observation, remark). (various references) tenkit (animadversion, censure, strictures), kınama (animadversion, blame, castigation, censure, condemnation, denouncement, denunciation, disapprobation, disapproval, reprehension, reprimand, reproach, reproof, reproval, strafing, strictures), eleştiri (animadversion, censure, comment, commentary, critique, denouncement, expostulation, knocking, review, slating, stricture, strictures). (various references) tankyt (critique, review). (various references) кртицизм, критичний розгляд, критика (animadversion, critique, judgement, judgment). (various references) sự phê phán, sự phê bình (animadversion, censure, stricture), sự chỉ trích lời phê bình, sự bình phẩm, lời phê phán, lời chỉ trích (comment), lời bình phẩm. (various references) beirniadaeth (adjudication). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | insectationibus. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "criticism": criticisms. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "criticism": countercriticism, hypercriticism. (additional references) | |
Words containing "criticism": countercriticisms, hypercriticisms. (additional references) | |
| |
"Criticism" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: critcism, critici, criticis, criticizm, criticsim, criticsm, criticus, critiism, critiscise, critiscism, critisism, critizism, tritici, Triticium. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "criticism" (pronounced kri"tusi'zum) |
| 7 | -t u s i' z u m | eroticism, fanaticism, gnosticism, monasticism, mysticism, romanticism, skepticism. |
| 6 | -u s i' z u m | classicism, cynicism, empiricism, lyricism, narcissism, ostracism, stoicism. |
| 5 | -s i' z u m | racism, sexism. |
| 4 | -i' z u m | abolitionism, absenteeism, absolutism, activism, adventurism, agrarianism, alcoholism, altruism, amateurism, anachronism, aneurism, animism, antagonism, aphorism, astigmatism, atavism, atheism, authoritarianism, autism, baptism, barbarism, bilingualism, bolshevism, boosterism, botulism, cannibalism, capitalism, catechism, centralism, chauvinism, collectivism, colonialism, commercialism, communism, conservatism, consumerism, corporatism, counterterrorism, creationism, cronyism, cubism, dandyism, defeatism, deism, despotism, determinism, diamagnetism, diastrophism, dimorphism, dogmatism, Druidism, dualism, dwarfism, dynamism, egalitarianism, egoism, egotism, electromagnetism, elitism, embolism, emotionalism, entrepreneurialism, environmentalism, ergotism, escapism, ethnocentrism, euphemism, evangelism, expansionism, expressionism, extremism, factionalism, fascism, fatalism, favoritism, federalism, feminism, ferromagnetism, fetishism, feudalism, formalism, fundamentalism, futurism, geotropism, gradualism, hedonism, helotism, heroism, hooliganism, humanism, hypnotism, idealism, illusionism, imperialism, impressionism, incrementalism, individualism, intellectualism, internationalism, interventionism, Irredentism, isolationism, isomorphism, jingoism, journalism, leftism, legalism, lesbianism, liberalism, magnetism, mannerism, masochism, materialism, mechanism, mercantilism, mesmerism, metabolism, methodism, microorganism, militarism, minimalism, modernism, monetarism, monism, monotheism, moralism, multiculturalism, multilateralism, mutualism, nationalism, nativism, naturalism, negativism, nepotism, neutralism, nihilism, obstructionism, opportunism, optimism, organism, overoptimism, pacifism, paganism, parallelism, parkinsonism, parochialism, pastoralism, paternalism, patriotism, perfectionism, pessimism, pharisaism, pietism, plagiarism, pluralism, polymorphism, polytheism, populism, positivism, pragmatism, professionalism, protectionism, provincialism, puritanism, racialism, radicalism, realism, recidivism, relativism, republicanism, revisionism, rheumatism, sadism, satanism, sectarianism, secularism, sensationalism, separatism, socialism, statism, supernaturalism, surrealism, symbolism, synergism, territorialism, terrorism, theism, tokenism, totalitarianism, tourism, truism, unionism, vandalism, vegetarianism, vigilantism, voluntarism, volunteerism, voyeurism. |
| 3 | -z u m | bosom, careerism, chasm, cytoplasm, enthusiasm, iconoclasm, ism, microcosm, neoplasm, orgasm, phantasm, prism, sarcasm, schism, spasm. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "c-c-i-i-i-m-r-s-t" | |
-2 letters: critics, trismic. | |
-3 letters: citric, crisic, critic, iritic, iritis. | |
-4 letters: ictic, mitis, scrim, trims. | |
-5 letters: cist, cris, iris, miri, mirs, mist, rims, smit, stir, tics, trim. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-c-i-i-i-m-r-s-t" | |
+1 letter: criticisms. | |
+4 letters: microcircuits, viscosimetric. | |
+5 letters: chromaticities, cliometricians, criminalistics, hypercriticism, mercantilistic, stoichiometric. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Quotations: Familiar 8. Quotations: Historic | 9. Quotations: Fiction 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Quotations: Spoken 12. Quotations: Speeches | 13. Usage Frequency 14. Expressions 15. Expressions: Internet 16. Translations: Modern | 17. Translations: Ancient 18. Derivations 19. Rhymes 20. Anagrams | 21. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.