Contemporary

  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Contemporary

Definition: Contemporary

Contemporary

Adjective

1. Characteristic of the present; "contemporary trends in design"; "the role of computers in modern-day medicine".

2. Belonging to the present time; "contemporary leaders".

3. Occurring in the same period of time; "a rise in interest rates is often contemporaneous with an increase in inflation"; "the composer Salieri was contemporary with Mozart".

Noun

1. A person of nearly the same age as another.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "contemporary" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references)

 

Specialty Definition: Heisei

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Heisei (平成) is the current era name in Japan. The name was introduced by Akihito, the current emperor of Japan, after the death of his father, Hirohito, the Showa Emperor in 1989. 1989 thus corresponds to Heisei 1, and 2003 is Heisei 15.

Events

In 1993, the Liberal Democratic Party, which had controlled the Japanese government for 38 years, was ousted by a coalition led by Hosokawa Morihiro.

In 1995, there was a large earthquake in Kobe. The same year, there was a sarin gas terrorist attack on the Tokyo subway system by the doomsday cult Aum Shinrikyo.

See also


< Showa period | History of Japan

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Heisei."

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Synonyms: Contemporary

Synonyms: contemporaneous (adj), modern-day (adj), present-day(a) (adj), coeval (n). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Contemporary

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Synchronism

Contemporary, coetanian.

Adjective: synchronous, synchronal, synchronic, synchronical, synchronistical; simultaneous, coexisting, coincident, concomitant, concurrent; coeval, coevous; contemporary, contemporaneous; coetaneous; coeternal; isochronous.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Contemporary

English words defined with "contemporary": Antiochian, assorted, audaciousCoetanean, concentrate, contemporaneous, CotemporarydaringH. G. Wells, Herbert George WellsignorantKoussevitzkymiscellaneous, mixed, modern, modernism, motleynescientPrecoetanean, pre-eclampsia, pre-eminentlySerge Koussevitzky, Sergei Aleksandrovich Koussevitzky, stage, sundryunenlightened, unlearned, unletteredventuresome, venturousWells. (references)
Specialty definitions using "contemporary": ApellesBuffoonsCDA, COMMERCIAL DESIGNERDatabases, Factual, Dondasch'Fathers of the Church, Fleshly School, FLYGEORGE IVHabakkuk, Hierarchical Music Specification LanguageJocelin de BrakelondaKing of PaintersLucus a non LucendoMeraiah, Motorola 68000, Myronneo-colonializationObadiah. (references)
Etymologies containing "contemporary": synchronism. (references)

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Modern Usage: Contemporary

DomainUsage

Screenplays

Oh stop it, you're having an affair with your college professor, that jerk that teaches that incredible crap course, Contemporary Crisis in Western Man (Annie Hall; writing credit: Woody Allen ; Marshall Brickman)

Movie/TV Titles

What's This? Understanding Contemporary Art (1996)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Contemporary

DomainTitle

Books

  • Jesus in Back Alleys: The Story and Reflections of a Contemporary Prophet (reference)

  • Alienation and Charisma: A Study of Contemporary American Communes (reference)

  • Big Plans: The Allure and Folly of Urban Design (Center Books on Contemporary Landscape Design) (reference)

  • Illusion/Allusion: Contemporary Sculpture (reference)

  • Alluvial (Bucknell Series in Contemporary Poetry) (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

  

Theater & Movies

  • Contemporary Christmas - Moodtapes (reference)

  • The Blues Guitar of Keb' Mo': Basic Techniques for the Contemporary Player (reference)

  • Arte Cubano: Contemporary Art and Culture in Cuba (reference)

  • Contemporary Fingerstyle Workshop (reference)

    (more DVD examples; more video examples)

  

Music

  

High Tech

  

Consumer Goods

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Contemporary

Photos:
Contemporary

More pictures...

Illustrations:
Contemporary

More pictures...

Computer Images:
Contemporary

More pictures...

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Photo Album: Contemporary

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

"Evening Amusements": crewmembers playing cards and reading in their berthing spaces, circa 1895-1898. Halftone photograph, copied from the contemporary publication Uncle Sam's Navy, 1898. Credit: NAVY.

Photograph of a contemporary artwork, depicting the Spanish fleet in action during the Battle. The Spanish flagship Reina Cristina is at left. Cavite is at right. Credit: NAVY.

Probably photographed at New Orleans, Louisiana, circa 1918. She later was renamed Yuma (YT-37). Note carved eagle on her foremast, just forward of the pilothouse. Such eagles were common decorations on contemporary tugs. Credit: NAVY.

At anchor prior to her World War I Navy service. One of nine 62'4" boats built by Herreshoff, of Bristol, Rhode Island, specifically for Naval service, and known initially as Herreshoff Hull 316, this craft was taken over by the Navy and placed in commission on 18 September 1917 as USS Kangaroo (SP-1284). She was transferred to the Treasury Department on 22 November 1919. This photograph, in which the name "Kangaroo" is faintly visible on the boat's pilothouse, was also used on the contemporary "SP" record cards of two sisters: Daiquiri (SP-1285) and War Bug (SP-1795). Credit: NAVY.

Montage featuring a painting of the ship (by De Simone, Naples, 1878) and views of four officers who served in her in 1864-1865. The officers are (clockwise from upper right): Lieutenant Roswell H. Lamson., Commanding Officer; Henry S. Hutchings, Paymaster's Clerk; Acting Master's Mate H.J. ("I" ?) Derbyshire; and Acting 3rd Assistant Engineer Enoch B. Carter (probably -- there is no Engineer named "William Carter" in contemporary Navy Registers). Credit: NAVY.

Line engraving by Warren, after a drawing by John Andrew, published in a contemporary illustrated magazine. It depicts the launch of USS Merrimack (incorrectly spelled "Merrimac" on the print) at the Boston Navy Yard, Charlestown, Massachusetts, on 15 June 1855. Credit: NAVY.

Reproduction of a contemporary lithograph, copied from the book "Arthur Winslow". This steamer served as USS R.R. Cuyler during the Civil War. Credit: NAVY.

Arrives at Kiel, Germany, on 23 October 1939, with her crew at quarters. The battleship Scharnhorst is in the background. U-47 was returning from the mission in which she sank the British battleship Royal Oak inside Scapa Flow on 14 October. This is a halftone image, copied from a contemporary publication. Credit: NAVY.

Contemporary colored print, showing USS Olympia in the left foreground, leading the U.S. Asiatic Squadron in destroying the Spanish fleet off Cavite. A vignette portrait of Rear Admiral George Dewey is featured in the lower left. Credit: NAVY.

The Beacon : a magazine of esoteric philosophy, presenting the principles of the Ageless Wisdom as a contemporary way of life. Credit: Library of Congress.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Digital Photo Gallery: Contemporary
 

"Contemporary architecture" by Ren Schroeder
Commentary: "Inside hall looking to the blue sky outside."
"Museu" by Billy Fowks
Commentary: "Contemporary museum in Barcelona, Spain I would love to know what my pictures are being used for. Please let me know. Thanks!."

Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

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Sounds Captioned with "Contemporary".

PlayCaptionPlayCaption
Upbeat contemporary jazz style music.A rock-influenced piece very characteristic of a contemporary rock sound circa 1980's.
Adult contemporary synthesizer piece heard a lot in the mid-1980's.Soprano saxophone solo in a highly rhythmic contemporary jazz excerpt.
A contemporary smooth jazz tune.Contemporary jazz style using a Latin-sounding muted trumpet.
Solo tenor saxophone playing in a contemporary jazz style.A contemporary jazz piece featuring a tenor saxophone.
Contemporary Latin- or Caribbean-influenced excerpt with a synthesized melody.A quick swing style piece played in a contemporary jazz style.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Use in Literature: Contemporary

TitleAuthorQuote

Les Miserables

Hugo, Victor

Beyond the five or six great exceptions, which are the wonder of their age, contemporary admiration is nothing but shortsightedness

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Contemporary

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

These should conform to contemporary standards of design, implementation, analysis, and reporting. (references)

Investigation of genetic bases for susceptibility to NIHL, using contemporary techniques, including molecular biology. (references)

These phenotypes should be based on quantitative assessment of brain structure and function, and contemporary neuropsychological assessment. (references)

Business

A cellular phone is also a contemporary symbol of success and affluence. (references)

For women, the winning packaging presentation typically was a bright, contemporary pack in primary colors. (references)

Due to their high quality standards and state of the art design concepts U.S. firms are perceived as able to contribute contemporary design and training. (references)

Economic History

Russia

New, contemporary technologies are needed. (references)

Oman

There is no contemporary history of arbitrary seizures of land. (references)

Romania

Poetry and the theater play an important role in contemporary Romanian life. (references)

Human Rights

Albania

The Albanian Helsinki Committee, the Albanian Human Rights Group, the Albanian Center for Human Rights, the Society for Democratic Culture, the Albanian Media Institute, SOROS Foundation, the Albanian Institute for Contemporary Studies, the Women's Center, and Women in Development were among the most active domestic NGO's involved in addressing human rights problems. (references)

Travel

Turkey

A foreigner visiting any one of the large cities in Turkey will find himself or herself in an atmosphere similar to that of a contemporary western city. (references)

Lexicography

Devil's Dictionary

FLY-:SPECK:, n. The prototype of punctuation. It is observed by Garvinus that the systems of punctuation in use by the various literary nations depended originally upon the social habits and general diet of the flies infesting the several countries. These creatures, which have always been distinguished for a neighborly and companionable familiarity with authors, liberally or niggardly embellish the manuscripts in process of growth under the pen, according to their bodily habit, bringing out the sense of the work by a species of interpretation superior to, and independent of, the writer's powers. The "old masters" of literature -- that is to say, the early writers whose work is so esteemed by later scribes and critics in the same language -- never punctuated at all, but worked right along free-handed, without that abruption of the thought which comes from the use of points. (We observe the same thing in children to-day, whose usage in this particular is a striking and beautiful instance of the law that the infancy of individuals reproduces the methods and stages of development characterizing the infancy of races.) In the work of these primitive scribes all the punctuation is found, by the modern investigator with his optical instruments and chemical tests, to have been inserted by the writers' ingenious and serviceable collaborator, the common house-fly -- Musca maledicta. In transcribing these ancient MSS, for the purpose of either making the work their own or preserving what they naturally regard as divine revelations, later writers reverently and accurately copy whatever marks they find upon the papyrus or parchment, to the unspeakable enhancement of the lucidity of the thought and value of the work. Writers contemporary with the copyists naturally avail themselves of the obvious advantages of these marks in their own work, and with such assistance as the flies of their own household may be willing to grant, frequently rival and sometimes surpass the older compositions, in respect at least of punctuation, which is no small glory. Fully to understand the important services that flies perform to literature it is only necessary to lay a page of some popular novelist alongside a saucer of cream-and-molasses in a sunny room and observe "how the wit brightens and the style refines" in accurate proportion to the duration of exposure.

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Contemporary

"Contemporary" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 99.26% of the time. "Contemporary" is used about 4,296 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Adjective (general or positive)99.26%4,2642,303
Noun (singular)0.65%2865,706
Noun (proper)0.09%4175,879
                    Total100.00%4,296N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expression: Contemporary

Expressions using "contemporary": Contemporary homeopathy contemporary witness contemporary world. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "contemporary": contemporary-style.

Ending with "contemporary": near-contemporary.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Contemporary

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

contemporary furniture

3,028

contemporary chair

98

contemporary art

1,333

austin contemporary lighting

95

contemporary sculpture

727

contemporary lamp

89

contemporary christian music

554

contemporary design portfolio

89

contemporary lighting

372

contemporary home plan

88

contemporary

339

disneys contemporary resort

86

contemporary bedroom furniture

327

disney contemporary resort

79

contemporary rug

318

contemporary mirror

78

contemporary sofa

215

contemporary bedding

74

contemporary design

184

contemporary resort

73

contemporary office furniture

160

contemporary table lamp

70

contemporary bed

157

contemporary painting

70

contemporary modern furniture

146

contemporary christian

69

area rug contemporary

140

contemporary dining room furniture

67

museum of contemporary art

122

contemporary entertainment center

65

contemporary coffee table

121

platform bed contemporary

65

contemporary house plan

110

contemporary italian furniture

65

contemporary home

103

contemporary kitchen

65

art chicago contemporary museum

99

contemporary bar stool

64

contemporary artist

99

cabinet contemporary glass gorgeous knob

64
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Contemporary

Language Translations for "contemporary"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

i sotëm (actual, neoteric, nowaday, of today, present day), i kohës (modern), bashkëkohor (coeval, modern, neoteric, new, opportune, recent), bashkëkohës (coeval, contemporaneous). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏متواقت (synchronous), ‏معاصر (contemporaneous), ‏حديث جديد (fresh, modern, neoteric, new, recent, up to date), ‏المتعاصر, ‏اللدة من ولد مع غيره في عام واحد. (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

съвременник (coeval), съвременен (advanced, contemporaneous, latter day, modern, modernistic, neoteric, new, present, present day, recent, up to date, with it), връстник (coeval). (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

同時代 , 当代 (Contemporaries, present-day). (various references)

   

Czech

  

vrstevník, souèasník, souèasný (actual, coeval, concurrent, contemporaneous, going, ongoing, present, present day, running, simultaneous, synchronic, up to date), moderní (advanced, fashionable, filigree, going, latter day, mod, modern, neoteric, neoterical, new, newfangled, new-fashioned, present day, trendy, up to date, with it), dnešní (current, hodiernal, latter day, today's). (various references)

   

Danish

  

undersoegelser af aktuelle problemer inden for boernesygdomme,alderdomssygdomme og organisatoriske og tekniske spoergsmaal inden for sundhedstjenesten (gerontology and the organization and techniques of medical services, study of contemporary problems of pediatrics), Pilotprojekt om økonomisk støtte til oversættelser af værker fra samtidslitteraturen (Pilot scheme to provide financial aid for translations of contemporary literary works). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

VN-Vrijwillig Fonds voor de Slachtoffers van Slavernij (UN Voluntary Fund on Contemporary Forms oF Slavery), Vereniging van Galeriehouders en handelaren in Hedendaagse Kunst (Association of Galleries and Dealers in Contemporary Art), studie van hedendaagse problemen van kindergeneeskunde, gerontologie en de organisatie en technieken van medische dienstenverlening (gerontology and the organization and techniques of medical services, study of contemporary problems of pediatrics), Modelproject voor financiële steun voor vertalingen van hedendaags litterair werk (Pilot scheme to provide financial aid for translations of contemporary literary works), Keesings Historisch Archief (Keesing's Contemporary Archives). (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

معاصر (Contemporaneous, Current), همزمان (Simultaneity, Simultaneous, Synchronic), هم دوره . (various references)

   

Finnish

  

aikalainen. (various references)

   

French

  

contemporain (coeval, contemporaneous), de même âge. (various references)

   

German

  

zeitgenosse (coeval), zeitgenössisch (coeval), Altersgenosse. (various references)

   

Greek 

  

σύγχρονοσ (coeval, contemporaneous, cotemporary, current, latter day, modern, synchronous, up to date), σύγχρονος (a latter-day hero, latter-day, modern, up to date), μοντέρνοσ (cotemporary, fashionable, modern, modish, new fangled, stylish). (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

עכשוי (actual, current, here and now, present, topical), בן זמנו, בן דורו. (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

kortárs (coeval), korabeli (period). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

seumur (coeval), sejaman. (various references)

   

Italian

  

contemporaneo (contemporaneous), coevo (coeval), coetaneo (coetaneous). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

同期 (corresponding period, same class, same period, synchronous), 同年輩の人 (person of the same age), コンテナ船 (condense, condensed milk, condenser, condition, conditioner, conditioning, container ship, contents, contra, contrabass, contract, contraction, contralto, contrast, control, control amp, control program, control tower, controller, tale). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

どうねんぱいのひと (person of the same age), どうき (copperware, corresponding period, incentive, motive, palpitation, pulsation, same class, same period, same temperament, same turn of mind, synchronous, throbbing), コンテンポラリー . (various references)

   

Korean 

  

현대 (modern, present-day). (various references)

   

Manx

  

co-emshiragh (contemporaneous), coasan. (various references)

   

Norwegian

  

samtidig. (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

ontemporarycay.(various references)

   

Portuguese

  

contemporâneo (coeval, contemporaneous, living, present-day). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

contemporan (coeval, contemporaneous, late-day, nowaday, present, present day). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

сверстник (coeval), современный (coeval, contemporaneous, latter day, latter-day, modern, modern-day, neoteric, new, nowaday, nowaday's, present day, present-day, recent, up to date), современник современный, современник, ровесник. (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

vršnjak (coeval, peer), savremenik, savremen (coeval, contemporaneous, modern, modern-day, neoteric, new, up to date). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

contemporáneo (Comrade, contemporaneous, current, live, present), contempora/neo, coetáneo (coeval), coeta/neo, de tiempo actual. (various references)

   

Swedish

  

samtidig (coeval, coincident, contemporaneous, isochronal, isochronous, simultaneous), samtida (contemporaneous), jämnårig. (various references)

   

Turkish

  

yaşıt (coeval, equal, peer), modern (advanced, groovy, hip, in the groove, latterday, modern, neoteric, new, streamlined, up to date), günümüze ait, eş zamanlarda yaşamış olan, eş zamanlı şey, aynı zamanda yaşamış olan kimse, aktüel (actual, newsworthy, topical, up to date), akran (coequal, coeval, compeer, counterpart, equal, fellow, peer), çağdaş (coeval, contemporaneous, latterday, modern, up to date), çağcıl (modern). (various references)

   

Turkmen 

  

hдzirki (modern, present). (various references)

   

Ukrainian

  

сучасник (coeval), сучасний (actual, coeval, contemporaneous, current, existent, latter day, modern, neoteric, new, new-day, nowaday, present day, recent, up to date, up-dated, with it), ровесник (coeval), одночасний (contemporaneous, isochronous, simultaneous, synchronous), одного віку (coeval). (various references)

   

Vietnamese 

  

người cùng thời (co-temporary). (various references)

   

Welsh

  

cyfoeswr, cyfoes, cyfoed (coeval). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Contemporary

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Latin500 BCE-Modern

aequalem, aequales, aequali, aequalis, coaequalem, coaequalis, coetaneos, con-. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Contemporary

Derivations

Words ending with "contemporary": noncontemporary, ultracontemporary, uncontemporary. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Contemporary" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: comtemporary, contamporary, contemorary, contemparary, contemperary, contempoary, contemprary, contemproary, contemprorary, contomporary. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Contemporary"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "contemporary" (pronounced kunte"mpere'rē)
8-t e" m p er e' r ētemporary.
4-er e' r ēitinerary, funerary, honorary, literary.
3-e' r ēactuary, adversary, ancillary, apothecary, arbitrary, aviary, beneficiary, bicentenary, Blackberry, blueberry, budgetary, capillary, cardiopulmonary, Cassowary, cautionary, cemetery, centenary, cometary, commentary, commissary, concessionary, confectionary, confectionery, Constabulary, corollary, coronary, counterrevolutionary, cranberry, culinary, customary, deflationary, depositary, Dewberry, dictionary, dietary, dignitary, disciplinary, discretionary, disinflationary, judiciary, lapidary, diversionary, Dogberry, dromedary, dysentery, emissary, epistolary, estuary, evolutionary, exclusionary, expansionary, expeditionary, extraordinary, fiduciary, formulary, fragmentary, functionary, gooseberry, hackberry, hereditary, Huckleberry, illusionary, imaginary, inflationary, interdisciplinary, interplanetary, involuntary, legendary, library, luminary, mercenary, military, missionary, momentary, monastery, monetary, mortuary, mulberry, necessary, noninflationary, nonmilitary, obituary, ordinary, paramilitary, pecuniary, pituitary, planetary, preliminary, primary, probationary, proprietary, pulmonary, quaternary, raspberry, reactionary, recessionary, revolutionary, Rosemary, salutary, sanctuary, sanitary, savagery, secondary, secretary, sedentary, semilegendary, seminary, solitary, stationary, stationery, statuary, strawberry, subsidiary, Tilbury, topiary, tributary, undersecretary, unitary, unnecessary, unsanitary, urinary, veterinary, visionary, vocabulary.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Contemporary

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "a-c-e-m-n-o-o-p-r-r-t-y"

-2 letters: procaryote.

-3 letters: carpentry, copartner, copayment, cormorant, corporate, crematory, precatory, procreant, protonema, temporary.

-4 letters: aeronomy, anteroom, cartoony, coenamor, cometary, comparer, contrary, coparent, copatron, coronary, coronate, crampoon, cremator, cryotron, enactory, mercapto, monetary, monocarp, monocrat, monocyte, monotype, moratory, motorcar, octonary, operator, portance, promoter, pronator, ratooner, romancer.

-5 letters: acronym, anymore, carport, carroty, carryon, cartoon, company, compare, compart, compone.

 Words containing the letters "a-c-e-m-n-o-o-p-r-r-t-y"
 

+2 letters: contemporarily, uncontemporary.

 

+3 letters: noncontemporary.

 

+4 letters: overcompensatory.

 

+5 letters: ultracontemporary.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern
5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Slideshow
7. Images: Photo Album
8. Images: Digital Art
9. Sounds
10. Quotations: Fiction
11. Quotations: Non-fiction
12. Usage Frequency
13. Expressions
14. Expressions: Internet
15. Translations: Modern
16. Translations: Ancient
17. Derivations
18. Rhymes
19. Anagrams
20. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.