Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Commercial |
CommercialAdjective1. Connected with or engaged in or sponsored by or used in commerce or commercial enterprises; "commercial trucker"; "commercial TV"; "commercial diamonds". 2. Of or relating to commercialism; "a commercial attache"; "commercial paper"; "commercial law". 3. Of the kind or quality used in commerce; average or inferior; "commercial grade of beef"; "commercial oxalic acid". Noun1. A commercially sponsored ad on radio or television. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "commercial" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1590. (references) |
Etymology: Commercial \Com*mer"cial\, adjective. [Compare to the French expression commercial.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | The Internet domain name for commerce or trade("dot com"). Source: European Union. (references) |
Fine Arts | The advertiser's message on television or radio. Source: European Union. (references) |
Food & Agriculture | Of trees, crops or stands, having the size, quality, and condition suitable for marketing a under given economic condition, even if not immediately accessible for logging. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Advertising is the promotion of goods, services, companies and ideas, most often through paid messages.Commercial messages have been found in the ruins of Pompeii, but the first advertising agency was started by Volney Palmer in Philadelphia in 1843.
Unpaid advertising can provide good exposure at minimal cost. Personal recommendations ("bring a friend", "sell it by zealot"), the unleashing of memes into the wild, or achieving the feat of equating a brand with a common noun ("Hoover" = "vacuum cleaner") -- these must provide the stuff of fantasy to the holder of an advertising budget.
Advertising media
Some commercial advertising media include: billboardss, printed flyers, radio, cinema and television ads, web banners, skywriting, bus stop benches, magazines, newspapers, town criers, sides of buses, taxi cab doors, elastic bands on disposable diapers, the opening section of streaming audio and video, and the backs of event tickets. Any place an "identified" sponsor pays to deliver their message through a medium is advertising. Covert advertising embedded in other entertainment media is known as product placement.The TV commercial is generally considered the most effective mass-market advertising format and this is reflected by the high prices TV networks charge for commercial airtime during popular TV events. The annual Super Bowl football game is known as much for its commercial advertisements as for the game itself, and the average cost of a single thirty-second TV spot during this game has reached $2 million (as of 2003).
Advertising on the World Wide Web is a recent phenomenon. Prices of Web-based advertising space are dependent on the "relevance" of the surrounding Web content. E-mail advertising is another recent phenomenon. Unsolicited E-mail advertising is known as "spam".
Some companies have proposed to place messages or corporate logos on the side of booster rockets and the International Space Station. Controversy exists on the effectiveness of subliminal advertising (see mind control), and the pervasiveness of mass messages (see propaganda).
Advertising objectives
Advertising ultimately seeks to establish what is called "mind share". Mind share is the status a brand can achieve when it co-exists with deeper, more empirical categories of objects. Kleenex, for example, can distinguish itself as a type of tissue. But, because it has gained mind share amongst consumers, it is frequently used as a term to identify any tissue, even if it is from an opposing brand. One of the most successful firms to have achieved this is Hoover (as mentioned above) whose name was for a very long time synonymous with vacuum cleaner (and Dyson has subsequently managed to achieve similar status, having moved into the Hoover market with a more sophisticated model of vacuum cleaner).Mind share can be established to a greater or lesser degree depending on product and market. In Texas, for example, it is common to hear people refer to any soft drink as a Coke, regardless of whether it is actually produced by Coca-Cola or not (the more accurate term would be 'cola').
A legal risk of mind share is that the name can become so widely accepted that it becomes a generic term, and loses trademark protection. Examples include "escalator", "aspirin" and "mimeograph".
Other objectives include short or long term increases in sales, market share, awareness, product information, and image improvement.
Advertising Techniques
Advertisers use several recognizable techniques in order to better convince the public to buy a product. These may include:
A popular belief among many segments of society is that subliminal messages are commonly used in advertising, though this is seen by experts as little more than an urban legend.
- Repetition: Some advertisers concentrate on making sure their product is widely recognized. To that end, they simply attempt to make the name remembered through repetition.
- Bandwagon: By implying that the product is widely used, advertisers hope to convince potential buyers to "get on the bandwagon."
- Testimonials: Advertisers often attempt to promote the superior quality of their product through the testimony of ordinary users, experts, or both. "Three out of four dentists recommend..." This approach often involves an appeal to authority.
- Pressure: By attempting to make people choose quickly and without long consideration, some advertisers hope to make rapid sales: "Buy now, before they're all gone!"
- Association: Advertisers often attempt to associate their product with desirable things, in order to make it seem equally desirable. The use of attractive modelss, picturesque landscapes, and other similar imagery is common.
- advertising slogans
Related articles
- Brand
- Nudity
- The Age of Propaganda
- Subvertising
- marketing
- neon signage
- promotion
- trailer
List of Marketing Topics List of Management Topics List of Economics Topics List of Accounting Topics List of Finance Topics List of Advertising Slogans
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Advertising."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The term business refers to activities or interests.By extension the word became (as recently as the 18th century) synonymous with "an individual commercial enterprise" and has also sometimes taken on the meaning of "the nexus of commercial activities" or of "the representatives of commercial activity".
Specifically, business can refer, collectively, to individual economic entities. In some legal jurisdictions, such entities are regulated by law to conduct operations on behalf of entrepreneurs. A manufacturing business is commonly referred to as an industry: for example: the "entertainment industry", or the "dairy industry", or the "fishing industry".
Business-related topics
- Accounting
- list of accounting topics
- Advertising
- Banking
- Big Business
- Business intelligence
- Business schools
- Capitalism
- Commerce
- Commercial law
- list of business law topics
- Companies
- list of companies
- Consumer electronics
- Economics
- Financial economics
- Home economics
- list of economics topics
- Electronic commerce
- Ethics
- list of business ethics, political economy, and philosophy of business topics
- Finance
- list of finance topics
- Fundamental business concepts
- Industry
- Intellectual property
- International trade
- list of international trade topics
- Insurance
- Investment
- Equity investment
- Institutional Fund Management
- list of business theorists
- list of corporate leaders
- Organizational development
- list of human resource management topics
- Management
- list of management topics
- Management information systems
- List of information technology management topics
- Manufacturing
- list of production topics
- Marketing
- list of marketing topics
- Mass media
- Real Estate
- Small business
- Tax
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Business."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A commercial (used as a noun) is a form of advertising, usually on radio or television.
Commerce is the exchange of something of value between two entities. That "something" may be goods, services, information, money, or anything else the two entities consider to have value. Commerce is the central mechanism from which capitalism is derived.
See also:
- Business
- Industry
- Electronic commerce
- Wholesaler
- Retailer
- Manufacturer
Commerce is also the name of some places in the United States of America:
- Commerce, Georgia
- Commerce, Oklahoma
- Commerce, Texas
- Commerce, California
- Commerce, Missouri
- Commerce Township, Michigan
- Commerce City, Colorado
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Commerce."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A commercial bank, as opposed to an investment bank, is a bank whose main job is to receive deposits and negotiate short-term loans.
See also: Bank, Investment bank, Central bank
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Commercial bank."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Commercial law or business law is the body of law which governs business and commerce and is often considered to be a branch of civil law and deals both with issues of private law and public law. Commercial law regulates corporate contracts, hiring practices, and the manufacture and sales of consumer goods. The Uniform Commercial Code has been adopted by most US jurisdictions in the United States. Various regulatory schemes control how commerce is conducted, privacy laws, safety laws (i.e. OSHA in the United States) food and drug laws are some examples.
''See: Contracts, Corporate law, Employment law, Intellectual property, Labor law, Land use, Property law, Tax law
See also: Blue law, Non-disclosure agreement, Notary public, Trade secret, Civil law notary, Arbitration, Dispute resolution List of business law topics
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Commercial law."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
From the earliest days of the medium, television has been used as a vehicle for advertising. Since their inception in the late 1940s, television commercials have become far and away the most effective, most pervasive, and most popular method of selling products of all sorts. The radio advertising industry was well-established when television made its debut in the 1940s, and television was intentionally developed as a commercial medium, based upon radio's successful format, by the first television broadcasting networks (especially RCA, the founder and owner of the NBC Red and NBC Blue networks).In the earliest days of television, it was often difficult to perceive the boundary between the actual television programs and the commercials. Many of the earliest television shows were sponsored by single companies, who inserted their names and products into the shows as much as possible. One of the most famous examples of early television broadcasting was Texaco Star Theater, the variety show that made Milton Berle a household name. Texaco not only included its own brand name as part of the show, it also made certain that Texaco employees were prominently featured during the course of the show, often appearing as smiling "guardian angels" who performed good deeds in one way or another, while the Texaco musical logo would play in the background.
Today in the 21st century, media critics claim that the boundaries between "programming" and "commercials" have been eroded to the point where the line is blurred nearly as much as it was during the beginnings of the medium.
However, the vast majority of television commercials consist of brief advertising spots, ranging in length from a few seconds to several minutes (as well as program-length infomercials). Commercials of this sort have been used to sell literally every product imaginable over the years, from household products to goods and services, to political campaigns. The effect of television commercials upon the viewing public has been so successful and so pervasive that it is considered impossible for a politician to wage a successful election campaign without airing a good television commercial.
These brief commercial "breaks" that interrupt shows regularly are the primary reason for the existence of modern-day television networks. A typical 30-minute time block includes 23 minutes of programming and 7 minutes of commercials (though some half-hour blocks may have as much as 12 minutes of commercials). The programming is intended as a way to capture the attention of the audience, keeping the viewers glued to the television set so that they will not want to get up and change the channel; instead, they will (hopefully) watch the commercials while waiting for the next segment of the show. Entire industries exist that focus solely on the task of keeping the viewing audience interested enough to sit through commercials. The Nielsen ratings system exists as a way for stations to determine how successful their television shows are, so that they can decide what rates to charge advertisers for their commercial airtime.
The TV commercial is generally considered the most effective mass-market advertising format, and this is reflected by the high prices TV networks charge for commercial airtime during popular TV events. The annual Super Bowl football game is known as much for its commercial advertisements as for the game itself, and the average cost of a single thirty-second TV spot during this game has reached $2 million (as of 2003).
British commercial television is not quite so relentlessly geared to the needs of the advertisers and there are fewer interruptions. Nevertheless, the amount of commercial airtime allowed by the Independent Television Authority and its successors has risen from 7 minutes per hour in the 1970s to 12 minutes today.
Commercials take airtime away from programmes. In the 1960s a typical hour-long American show would run for 51 minutes excluding commercials. Today a similar program would only be 42 minutes long. In other words, over the course of 10 hours an American viewer will see approximately an hour and a half more commercials than he did in the sixties. Furthermore, if that sixties show is rerun today it is almost certain to be cut by 9 minutes to make room for the extra commercials.
Because a single television commercial can be broadcast repeatedly over the course of weeks, months, and even years (the Tootsie Roll company has been airing a famous commercial that asks "How many licks does it take to get to the center of a Tootsie pop?" for over three decades), television commercial production studios often spend enormous sums of money in the production of one single thirty-second television spot. This vast expenditure has resulted in a number of high-quality commercials, ones which boast of the best production values, the latest in special effects technology, the most popular personalities, and the best music. A number of television commercials are so elaborately produced that they can considered miniature sixty-second movies; indeed, many motion picture directors have directed television commercials both as a way to gain exposure and to earn a paycheck. One of film director Ridley Scott's most famous cinematic moments was a television commercial he directed for the Macintosh computer, that aired in 1984. Even though this commercial only aired once, it has become famous and well-known, to the point where it is considered a classic television moment.
The advent of technologies such as TiVo has caused much speculation about the future of television commercials.
See also: List of television commercials, advertising, marketing
List of Marketing Topics List of Management Topics List of Economics Topics List of Accounting Topics List of Finance Topics List of Economists Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Television commercial."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| com | English | Commercial | Computing |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonym: CommercialSynonym: commercial message (n). (additional references) |
| Antonym: noncommercial (adj). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Accounts | Noun: accounts, accompts; commercial arithmetic, monetary arithmetic; statistics; (numeration); money matters, finance, budget, bill, score, reckoning, account. |
Barter | Trade, commerce, mercature, buying and selling, bargain and sale; traffic, business, nundination, custom, shopping; commercial enterprise, speculation, jobbing, stockjobbing, agiotage, brokery. |
Adjective: commercial, mercantile, trading; interchangeable, marketable, staple, in the market, for sale. | |
Consignee | Traveler, bagman, commis-voyageur, touter, commercial traveler, drummer, traveling man. |
Indication | Keyboard symbols, printing symbols; red letter, italics, sublineation, underlining, bold font; jotting; note, annotation, reference; blaze, cedilla, guillemets, hachure; quotation marks, double quotes,"", parentheses, brackets, braces, curly brackets, arrows, slashes; left parenthesis, "("; right parenthesis, ")"; opening bracket, ""; left curly brace, "{"; right curly brace, "}"; left arrow, ""; right arrow, ""; forward slash, "/"; backward slash, "\"; exclamation point, "!"; commercial at, "@"; pound sign, "#"; percent sign, "%"; carat, "^"; ampersand, "&"; asterisk, ""; hyphen, "-"; dash, "-", "_"; em dash, "--"; plus sign, "+", equals sign, "="; question mark, "?"; period, "."; semicolon, ";", colon, ":"; comma, ","; apostrophe, "'"; single quote, "'"; tilde, "~". |
Lending | Noun: lending; Verb: loan, advance, accommodation, feneration; mortgage, second mortgage, home loan; (security); investment; note, bond, commercial paper. |
Securities | Noun: securities, stocks, common stock, preferred stock, bonds, puts, calls, options, option contract, warrants, commercial paper, bearer bond, tax-exempt bond, callable bond, convertable bond. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Commercial |
| English words defined with "commercial": commercial activity, commercial art, Commercial college, commercial credit, commercial enterprise, commercial law, commercial letter of credit. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "commercial": AIRPLANE PILOT, COMMERCIAL, Automated Commercial System ♦ commercial allowance, commercial at, Commercial Building, commercial economics, commercial energy use-kt of oil equivalent, commercial explosives, Commercial Internet eXchange, COMMERCIAL LOAN COLLECTION OFFICER, commercial pilot, commercial representative, Commercial Sector, Commercial Translator, commercial water use ♦ Uniform Commercial Code, United States And Foreign Commercial Service. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Commercial" is also a word in the following language with English translations in parentheses. French (commercial, mercantile, merchant, shopping, trade). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | A commercial for how normal we are when we're anything but. (American Beauty; writing credit: Alan Ball) I can't even send you up for a commercial. You played a tomato for 30 seconds -- they went a half a day over schedule because you wouldn't sit down (Tootsie; writing credit: Larry Gelbart; Don McGuire) I will not rest until I have you holding a Coke, wearing your own shoe, playing a Sega game featuring you , while singing your own song in a new commercial, starring you , broadcast during the Superbowl, in a game that you are winning, and I will not sleep until that happens (Jerry Maguire; writing credit: Cameron Crowe) Christmas is not only getting too commercial, it's getting too dangerous (A Charlie Brown Christmas; writing credit: Charles M. Schulz) I can guarantee that a man made that commercial. (Family Guy; writing credit: Dolores Payás) | |
Lyrics | Another big news story of year concerned the ecumenical council in Rome, known as Vatican II. Among the things they did in an attempt to make the church more commercial was to introduce the vernacular into portions of the mass, to replace Latin, and to widen somewhat the range of music permissible in the liturgy, but I feel that if they really want to sell the product, in this secular age, what they ought to do is to redo some of the liturgical music in popular song forms (The Vatican Rag; performing artist: Tom Lehrer) Fronting like the budweiser commercial (Perfect Gentleman; performing artist: Wyclef Jean) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Un succès commercial (1970) Commercial Breakdown (2002) Viktor Vogel - Commercial Man (2001) Commercial Breakdown (1997) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
| ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Hawaiian monk seal - Monachus schauinslandi. Tagging operations conducted under the auspices of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Techniques were being developed at this time as this was only the second time that any Hawaiian Monk seals were tagged. Other than for needs of scientific studies, human interaction with protected species should be minimized. Credit: NOAA's Ark (Animals). |  | South side of Main Street Bureau of Commercial Fisheries building on left. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Projection scheme for aeronautical charts of the U.S. Army Air Forces This scheme was developed by Paul A. Smith, head of C&GS aeronautical charting Army Air Forces routes pioneered modern commercial routes. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Natural marsh area primarily Spartina. Critical habitat for shrimp, crabs, and many game and commercial fish species. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | A harbor patrol boat at the commercial port. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Dr. Richard Fleming on the bow of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Ship BROWN BEAR. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | Hauling a dead walrus onto the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Ship BROWN BEAR. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | Blowup of plaque describing commercial species in North Pacific waters. Credit: Fisheries. |
 | Boy fishing from the commercial docks. Credit: Fisheries. |  | Chris Doley, of NOAA, hauls an experimental crab pot from the water at a sampling site. Blue crab pot samples were taken at shallow-water sites around Poplar Island using pots with mesh sizes about three times smaller than used in commercial crab pots. The mesh in the pots used for sampling was about 1/2" of fine mesh netting. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Young man" by Keely Singer Commentary: "Please contact me before any commercial use of this photo. ." | "My romance" by Paul Tom Commentary: "For commercial use, contact me, please!." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption | Play | Caption |
 | An excerpt perfect for an airlines commercial. | | High energy piece typical of a television show or commercial from the 1980's. |
| A synthesized string and brass section playing a short commercial cue. | ||
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Bill Hicks | Supreme Court says pornography is anything without artistic merit that causes sexual thought, that's their definition, essentially. No artistic merit, causes sexual thought. Hmm. Sounds like...every commercial on television, doesn't it? You know, when I see those two twins on that Doublemint commercial? I'm not thinking of gum. I am thinking of chewing, maybe that's the connection they're trying to make. What? You've all seen that Busch beer commercial, where the girl in the short hot pants opens the beer bottle on her belt buckle, leaves it there, and it foams over her hand and over the bottle and the voice over goes, "Get yourself a BUSCH." Hmm. You know what that looks like, nah, no way. |
Jacques Maritain | The only artist who does not deserve respect is the one who works to please the public, for commercial success or for official success. |
Karl Marx | When commercial capital occupies a position of unquestioned ascendancy, it everywhere constitutes a system of plunder. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
US Constitution | 1791 | In January 1786, the Legislature of Virginia passed a resolution providing for the appointment of five commissioners, who, or any three of them, should meet such commissioners as might be appointed in the other States of the Union, at a time and place to be agreed upon, to take into consideration the trade of the United States; to consider how far a uniform system in their commercial regulations may be necessary to their common interest and their permanent harmony; and to report to the several States such an act, relative to this great object, as, when ratified by them, will enable the United States in Congress effectually to provide for the same. (reference) |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | The growing competition among the bourgeois, and the resulting commercial crises, make the wages of the workers ever more fluctuating. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Stock Exchange and Commercial Exchange Contracts. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Sylvie and Bruno | Carroll, Lewis | Right and Wrong had somehow been transformed into Gain and Loss, and Religion had become a sort of commercial transaction |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Some spices for commercial use have been irradiated. (references) | |
ADAM is also available on commercial Web sites such as drkoop. (references) | ||
Scientists are working to develop this test for use in commercial laboratories. (references) | ||
Business | Bids can either be technical or commercial. (references) | |
Almost 58 percent belong to the commercial sector. (references) | ||
Mexican Customs closely monitors all commercial bills. (references) | ||
Children | Panama | Awareness of disability issues has increased, and commercial establishments increasingly provide and enforce handicapped parking spaces. (references) |
Nigeria | When economic hardship restricts many families' ability to send girls to school, many girls are directed into commercial activities such as trading and street vending. (references) | |
Tanzania | The ILO and UNICEF reported that children who left home to work as domestic laborers in other towns or villages often were subjected to commercial sexual exploitation. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | United Arab Emirates | The monopoly also blocks commercial "voice-chat" sites on the Internet. (references) |
Uruguay | Montevideo has one government-affiliated and three commercial television stations. (references) | |
Chile | It receives no government subsidy and is self-financing through commercial advertising. (references) | |
Economic History | Tanzania | Their Commercial Newsletter. (references) |
Zambia | Zambia's largest commercial bank. (references) | |
Moldova | It has a liberal commercial regime. (references) | |
Human Rights | Croatia | A parallel commercial court system adjudicates commercial and contractual disputes. (references) |
Zimbabwe | Intimidation and work stoppages occurred daily for commercial farmers and farm workers. (references) | |
Yemen | Defendants, including those in commercial courts, have the right to appeal their sentences. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Mexico | In commercial transactions, bilingual middlemen take advantage frequently of non-Spanish speakers who also have difficulty finding employment in Spanish-speaking areas. (references) |
India | These integrative policies have been motivated partly by humanitarian concerns, although interest in commercial exploitation of virgin forests that are inhabited by tribal people is another strong factor behind these policies. (references) | |
Minorities | Lesotho | Small numbers of Asians (primarily ethnic Chinese and Indians) and South African whites are active in the country's commercial life. (references) |
Political Economy | SPAIN | Customs accepts commercial invoices by fax. (references) |
Nicaragua | U.S.-Nicaraguan commercial ties are increasing. (references) | |
HAITI | Dollar accounts are available at local commercial banks. (references) | |
Trade | Senegal | Eight commercial banks operate in Senegal. (references) |
Hong Kong | Projects are financed on commercial terms. (references) | |
El Salvador | C. Commercial invoice (factura comercial). (references) | |
Travel | Senegal | Senegal has inherited French commercial traditions. (references) |
Spain | Some public phones also accept commercial credit cards. (references) | |
Netherlands | English usually can be used in commercial correspondence. (references) | |
Women | Pakistan | Nevertheless an increasing number of women are entering the commercial and public sectors. (references) |
Angola | In addition a portion of the Civil Code dates to colonial times and includes discriminatory provisions against women in the areas of inheritance, property sales, and participation in commercial activities. (references) | |
Worker Rights | China | Up to 10,000 commercial sex workers may be employed in Lhasa alone. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | MERCHANT, n. One engaged in a commercial pursuit. A commercial pursuit is one in which the thing pursued is a dollar. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
David Letterman | It's just something that I referenced during the commercial that I'm not certain is something we want to discuss now that we're live, you know, to Switzerland. |
Dennis Miller | I can certainly appreciate the fact that commercial airlines in this country were put in serious financial trouble by the terrorist attacks, but using that tragedy as a cudgel to pound billions of dollars out of the federal government was wrong. |
Rush Limbaugh | There are people that simply distrust anything that is in a commercial of any kind. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
John Adams | 1797-1801 | However we may consider ourselves, the maritime and commercial powers of the world will consider the United States of America as forming a weight in that balance of power in Europe which never can be forgotten or neglected. |
James Monroe | 1817-1825 | With Great Britain our commercial intercourse rests on the same footing that it did at the last session. |
John Quincy Adams | 1825-1829 | Such is the state of commercial legislation of Great Britain as it bears upon our interests. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | Nor have we less reason to felicitate ourselves on the position of our political than of our commercial concerns. |
James Buchanan | 1857-1861 | Their trade with the rest of the world has rapidly increased, and thus every commercial nation has shared largely in their successful progress. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | Commercial rents are not included in the present price control law and, where they are not controlled by State law, have been increasing, causing difficulties to many businessmen. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | We are determined that the Export-Import Bank can allow commercial credits to Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia, as well as to Romania and Yugoslavia. |
Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 | I urge quick action on the necessary legislation to allow commercial production at the Elk Hills, California, Naval Petroleum Reserve. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | Construction has begun on a commercial scale coal liquefaction plant in West Virginia co-financed by the United States, Japan and West Germany. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | But we also must make sure that we protect the exploding global commercial potential of the Internet. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Commercial" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 98.40% of the time. "Commercial" is used about 7,625 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 98.4% | 7,503 | 1,287 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.97% | 74 | 38,813 |
| Noun (singular) | 0.63% | 48 | 49,194 |
| Total | 100.00% | 7,625 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Australia | Paladin Commercial Trust | Egypt | Commercial International Bank (Egypt) |
| France | Credit Commercial de France SA | Greece | Allatini Industrial and Commercial Company SA |
| Hong Kong | Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Asia) Limited | Pakistan | Askari Commercial Bank Ltd |
| Philippines | Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation | Singapore | Industrial & Commercial Bank Limited |
| South Africa | Industrial & Commercial Holdings Group L | South Korea | Housing & Commercial Bank, Korea |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "commercial": combined commercial and investment bank ♦ commercial activity ♦ commercial advertising ♦ commercial agency ♦ commercial agent ♦ commercial air transport ♦ commercial air transport flight ♦ commercial air transport operator ♦ commercial aircraft ♦ commercial airliner ♦ commercial alcohol ♦ commercial allowance ♦ commercial area ♦ commercial arithmetic ♦ commercial art ♦ commercial artist ♦ commercial at ♦ commercial attache ♦ commercial aviation ♦ commercial bank ♦ commercial bill ♦ commercial bills ♦ commercial break ♦ commercial bribery ♦ commercial brooder ♦ commercial building ♦ commercial city ♦ commercial code ♦ commercial college ♦ commercial correspondence ♦ commercial credit ♦ commercial credit company ♦ commercial deal ♦ commercial document ♦ commercial economics ♦ commercial employee ♦ commercial enterprise ♦ commercial exchange ♦ commercial finance company ♦ commercial firm ♦ commercial flight ♦ commercial house ♦ commercial instrument ♦ commercial Internet eXchange ♦ commercial invoice ♦ commercial iron ♦ commercial language ♦ commercial law ♦ commercial letter of credit ♦ commercial loading ♦ commercial loan ♦ commercial man ♦ commercial manager ♦ commercial message ♦ commercial name ♦ Commercial note paper ♦ commercial paper ♦ commercial pilot ♦ commercial plane ♦ commercial Point ♦ commercial port ♦ commercial program ♦ commercial property ♦ commercial radio ♦ commercial radio station ♦ commercial representative ♦ commercial school ♦ commercial science ♦ commercial television ♦ commercial traffic ♦ commercial training ♦ commercial Translator ♦ commercial traveler ♦ commercial traveller ♦ commercial treaty ♦ commercial value ♦ commercial vehicle ♦ commercial vehicle information systems network ♦ commercial wind ♦ failure to comply with the regulations governing the protection of tenants of domestic and commercial properties ♦ higher commercial school ♦ illicit commercial practices ♦ sample of no commercial value ♦ schemes administered by commercial insurance companies ♦ senior commercial pilot ♦ television commercial ♦ the commercial world. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "commercial": commercial-bank, commercial-debt, commercial-electronics, commercial-grade, Commercial-law, commercial-making, commercial-paper, commercial-property, commercial-radio, commercial-scale, commercial-sized, commercial-television, commercial-type. | |
Ending with "commercial": euro-commercial, non-commercial. | |
Containing "commercial": industrial-commercial-imperial. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "commercial"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | tregtar (businessman, chapman, dealer, marketeer, mercantile, merchant, monger, negotiant, outfitter, seller, shopkeeper, shopman, trader, tradesman, vender, vendor), reklamë (ad, advertisement, circular, commercial break, dodger, headline, plug, poster, prospectus, publicity, reclame, show card), komercial (mercantile, merchant). (various references) | |
Arabic | تجاري (mercantile, merchant, trade), إعلان تجاري. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | реклама вмъкната в предаванията, търговски пътник (bagman, drummer, rep, salesman, traveling salesman, travelling salesman), търговски (merchant, shopping, trade), натурален (natural), издържащ се от реклами. (various references) | |
Chinese | 商业 (Commercially). (various references) | |
Czech | reklamní šot, reklama (ad, advert, advertisement, advertising, plug, publicity), obchodnický (businesslike), obchodní (businesslike, mercantile), komerèní. (various references) | |
Danish | spot (advertising spot), salgbar (marketable, merchantable, saleable), reklame indslag (advertising spot). (various references) | |
Dutch | commercial (advertising spot, spot), com (Communist and Allies Group, Official Commission document reference number), reclamefilm (advertising spot, spot), reclameboodschap (advertising spot, spot), goed verkoopbaar (marketable, merchantable, saleable), gewild (marketable, merchantable, saleable), gangbaar (accepted, for sale, valid). (various references) | |
Farsi | تجارتی (Mercantile), بازرگانی (Commerce, Mercantile, Trade). (various references) | |
Finnish | myyntikelpoinen (marketable, merchantable, saleable), kaupallinen (mercantile). (various references) | |
French | commercial. (various references) | |
German | kommerziell (commercially), kaufmännisch (business, mercantile, trading), werbespot (advertising spot, spot). (various references) | |
Greek | εμπορικόσ (mercantile), εμπορικός, εμπορική διαφήμηση, εμπορεύσιμος (market, marketable, merchantable, saleable), διαφήμιση (ad, advert, advertisement, advertising, publicity). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מסחרי (mercantile), תשדיר פרסומת. (various references) | |
Hungarian | reklám (ad, advertisement, announcement, ballyho, boost, claptrap, hype, publicity), kereskedelmi (commercial case, mercantile, merchant, mercurial, trade, trading). (various references) | |
Italian | commerciale (trade), commerciabile (marketable, merchantable, saleable), messaggio pubblicitario (advertising spot, spot), mercantile (mercantile, merchant, merchantman), annuncio pubblicitario (advertisement, bill). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 営利的 . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | えいりてき. (various references) | |
Korean | 상업 (Commerce). (various references) | |
Manx | traghtee (trade). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ommercialcay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | comerciante utilizável (marketable, merchantable, saleable), comercializável (marketable, merchantable, saleable), comercial (mercantile, merchant), propaganda (advertisement, advertising, propaganda, publicity), mensagem publicitária (advertising spot, spot). (various references) | |
Romanian | comercial (business, commercially, mercantile, trade, trading), rentabil (advantageous, economic, gainful, non-deficient, payable, paying, profitable, remunerative, rewarding), reclamã (advert, advertisement, advertising, bill, circular, dodger, exploitation, handbill, publicity, sign), negustoresc (business-like, mercantile), mercantil (mercantile, mercenary). (various references) | |
Russian | торговый (merchant, trade), коммерческий реклама, коммерческий (all stock, all-stock, mercantile, merchant), прибыльный (gainful, lucrative, profit, profit taking, profitable), доходный (fat, gainful, lucrative, moneymaking, payable). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | trgovinski (trading), trgovački (mercantile, merchant, trading), komercijalan (hack). (various references) | |
Spanish | comercial (business, trade, trading). (various references) | |
Swedish | merkantil, kommersiell. (various references) | |
Turkish | ticari (mercantile, merchant, trading), ticaret yapan, reklâm yayını yapan, reklâm (ad, advert, advertisement, advertising, ballyhoo, build up, canvassing, plug, promo, promotion, promotional, publicity, spot), mesleki (professional, vocational), kârlı (advantageous, beneficial, fat, gainful, juicy, lucrative, payable, paying, productive, profitable, profit-bringing, rewarding). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | реклама і оголошення, торговий (merchant, trade), комерційний (merchant), доходний. (various references) | |
Welsh | masnachol (business). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "commercial": commercialise, commercialised, commercialises, commercialising, commercialism, commercialisms, commercialist, commercialistic, commercialists, commercialities, commerciality, commercialization, commercializations, commercialize, commercialized, commercializes, commercializing, commercially, commercials. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "commercial": anticommercial, countercommercial, noncommercial, semicommercial, ultracommercial, uncommercial. (additional references) | |
Words containing "commercial": anticommercialism, anticommercialisms, noncommercials, overcommercialization, overcommercializations, overcommercialize, overcommercialized, overcommercializes, overcommercializing, uncommercialized. (additional references) | |
| |
"Commercial" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: comercial, comerical, commercal, commerciasl, commerial, commerical, commericial, commershial, commersial, commertial, Komercni. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "commercial" (pronounced kumer"shul) |
| 7 | k u m er" sh u l | noncommercial. |
| 4 | -er" sh u l | inertial, controversial, noncontroversial, uncontroversial. |
| 3 | -sh u l | antisocial, artificial, beneficial, biracial, bushel, confidential, crucial, essential, experiential, facial, financial, glacial, impartial, spatial, special, superficial, infomercial, initial, interprovincial, interracial, judicial, jurisprudential, Marshal, Marshall, martial, multiracial, nonfinancial, nonracial, nonresidential, official, palatial, partial, Paschal, potential, prejudicial, prenuptial, provincial, quintessential, racial, sacrificial, social, unofficial. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-c-e-i-l-m-m-o-r" | |
-2 letters: camomile, clammier, memorial. | |
-3 letters: caloric, calorie, cariole, ceramic, claimer, clammer, coalier, coeliac, comical, coracle, coremia, immoral, loamier, loricae, malmier, miracle, racemic, reclaim. | |
-4 letters: calico, calmer, carcel, caroli, celiac, cicale, cicero, circle, clamor, cleric, coaler, coiler, commie, cormel, eclair, lacier, limmer, lorica, mailer, maimer, malice, marcel, memoir, moiler, morale, oracle, recoal, recoil, remail. | |
-5 letters: acmic. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-c-e-i-l-m-m-o-r" | |
+1 letter: commercials. | |
+2 letters: commercially, microclimate, uncommercial. | |
+3 letters: commercialise, commercialism, commercialist, commerciality, commercialize, microclimates, noncommercial. | |
+4 letters: anticommercial, commercialised, commercialises, commercialisms, commercialists, commercialized, commercializes, myrmecological, noncommercials, semicommercial, thermochemical. | |
+5 letters: commercialising, commercialistic, commercialities, commercializing, ultracommercial. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Historic 12. Quotations: Fiction | 13. Quotations: Non-fiction 14. Quotations: Spoken 15. Quotations: Speeches 16. Usage Frequency | 17. Names: Company Usage 18. Expressions 19. Expressions: Internet 20. Translations: Modern | 21. Abbreviations 22. Acronyms 23. Derivations 24. Rhymes | 25. Anagrams 26. Bibliography |
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