Bromine

  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Bromine

Definition: Bromine

Bromine

Noun

1. A nonmetallic largely pentavalent heavy volatile corrosive dark brown liquid element belonging to the halogens; found in sea water.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Etymology: Bromine \Bro"mine\, noun. [Greek expression bad smell, stink. Compare to Brome.]. (Websters 1913)


Specialty Definitions: Bromine

DomainDefinitions

Chemistry

Chemical element:atomic number 35. Source: European Union. (references)

Health

A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 36, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested. (references)

Mining

A member of the halogen group of elements and the only liquid nonmetallic element. A heavy, reddish-brown liquid that volatilizes readily at room temperature to a poisonous, red vapor with a strong disagreeable odor. Symbol, Br. Obtained from natural brines from wells; little bromine is extracted today from seawater. Used in antiknock gasoline, fumigants, flameproofing agents, water purification compounds, dyes, medicinals, andsanitizers. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Bromine

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Selenium - Bromine - Krypton
Cl
Br
I  
 
 
Full table
General
Name, Symbol, NumberBromine, Br, 35
Series Halogens
Group, Period, Block17 (VIIA), 4 , p
Density, Hardness 3119 kg/m3 (300 K), NA
Appearance Gas: red-brown
solid: metallic luster
Atomic Properties
Atomic weight 79.904 amu
Atomic radius (calc.) 115 (94) pm
Covalent radius 114 pm
van der Waals radius 185 pm
Electron configuration [Ar]33d10 4s24p5
e- 's per energy level2, 8, 18, 7
Oxidation states (Oxide) ±1,5 (strong acid)
Crystal structure Orthorhombic
Physical Properties
State of matter liquid (nonmagnetic)
Melting point 265.8 K (19 °F)
Boiling point 332 K (138 °F)
Molar volume 19.78 ×1010-3 m3/mol
Heat of vaporization 15.438 kJ/mol
Heat of fusion 5.286 kJ/mol
Vapor pressure 5800 Pa at 280.1 K
Speed of sound 206 m/s at 293.15 K
Miscellaneous
Electronegativity 2.96 (Pauling scale)
Specific heat capacity 480 J/(kg*K)
Electrical conductivity no data
Thermal conductivity 0.122 W/(m*K)
1st ionization potential 1139.9 kJ/mol
2nd ionization potential 2103 kJ/mol
3rd ionization potential 3470 kJ/mol
4th ionization potential 4560 kJ/mol
5th ionization potential 5760 kJ/mol
6th ionization potential 8550 kJ/mol
7th ionization potential 9940 kJ/mol
8th ionization potential 18600 kJ/mol
Most Stable Isotopes
isoNAhalf-life DMDE MeVDP
79Br50.69%Br is stable with 44 neutrons
81Br49.31%Br is stable with 46 neutrons
SI units & STP are used except where noted.
Bromine is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Br and atomic number 35. A halogen element, bromine is a red volatile liquid at room temperature which has a reactivity between chlorine and iodine. This element is harmful to human tissue in a liquid state and its vapour irritates eyes and throat.

Notable Characteristics

Bromine is the only liquid nonmetallic element at room temperature. It is a heavy, mobile, reddish-brown liquid, that evaporates easily at standard temperature and pressures in a red vapor (its color resembles nitrogen dioxide) that has a strong disagreeable odor. A halogen, bromine resembles chlorine chemically but is less active (it is more active than iodine however). Bromine is very soluble in water or carbon disulfide (forming a red solution). It bonds easily with many elements and has a strong bleaching action.

Bromine is highly reactive and is a powerful oxidizing agent in the presence of water. It reacts vigorously with amines, alkenes and phenols as well as aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones and acids (these are brominated by either addition or substitution). With many of the metals and elements, anhydrous bromine is less reactive than wet bromine; however, dry bromine reacts vigorously with aluminum, titanium, mercury as as well as alkaline earth and alkaline metals.

Applications

Elemental bromine is used to manufacture a wide variety of bromine compounds used in industry and agriculture. Traditionally the largest use of bromine was in the production of ethylene dibromide which in turn was used as a gasoline anti-knock agent for leaded gasolines before they were largely phased out due to environmental considerations.

Bromine is also used in making fumigants, flameproofing agents, water purification compounds, dyes, medicinals, sanitizes, inorganic bromides for photography, etc.

History

Bromine (Gr bromos for stench) was discovered by Antoine Balard in 1826 but was not produced in quantity until 1860.

Occurrence

Bromine occurs in nature as bromide salts in very diffuse amounts in crustal rock. Due to leaching bromide salts have accumulated in sea water (85 ppm), and may be economically recovered from brine wells and the Dead Sea (up to 5000 ppm).

Approximately 500 million kilograms ($350 million USD) of bromine are produced per year (2001) worldwide with the United States and Israel being the primary producers.

Precautions

Elemental bromine is highly toxic, and touch or breathing more than trace amounts (10 ppm) can cause immediate health problems or death. Bromine is very irritating to both eyes and throat produces painful sores after making contact with skin. Improper handling of this element can be a serious health hazard requiring maximum safety precautions.

External Links

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Bromine."

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Abbreviations & Acronyms: Bromine

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
EntrySourceExpressionField
Br.No.EnglishBromine NumberN/A

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Synonym: Bromine

Synonym: atomic number 35 (n). (additional references)

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Crosswords: Bromine

English words defined with "bromine": AcidifierBromal, bromate, bromeosin, bromic, brominate, Bromism, BromizeChlorine familyeosinhalogen, halon, Hydrobromic, HydrobromideMurideOxybromicPerbromic, Perbromide, Polybromide. (references)
Specialty definitions using "bromine": biophile, Bromine Compounds, bromine cyanide, bromine etch, bromine number, Bromine Radioisotopes, Bromobenzenes, Bromobenzoateschlorinity, copper soup, CP4 etchfluorocarbonsHalocarbons, halogen-quenched counter tube, Halonsiodembolitenumber 1 etch, number one etchOzone DepletionSalier etch, Steroids, BrominatedTrona process. (references)
Etymologies containing "bromine": Bromalin. (references)

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Commercial Usage: Bromine

DomainTitle

References

  • Dead Sea Bromine Company Ltd.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  • The World Market for Fluorine, Bromine, and Iodine: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective (reference)

    (more reference examples)

  

Books

  • Bromine Compounds: Chemistry and Applications (reference)

  • Bromine Geochemistry of Chloride Rocks of the Middle Pennsylvanian Paradox Formation of the Hermosa Group, Paradox Basin, Utah and Colorado (evolution (reference)

  • Chinese Markets for Bromine and Derivatives [DOWNLOAD: PDF] (reference)

  • Chlorine, bromine, and iodine NMR : physico-chemical and biological applications (reference)

  • DEAD SEA BROMINE COMPANY LTD.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (Financial Performance Series) (reference)

    (more book examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Photo Album: Bromine

ThumbnailDescription & Credit

Figure 22. Chemical elements that are dissolved in sea water. Major elements are sodium, magnesium, calcium, potassium, silicon, carbon, sulfur, oxygen, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Minor elements are titanium, nitrogen, phosphorus , arsenic, boron, rubidium, cesium, lithium, strontium, barium, zinc, copper, silver, gold, aluminum, lead, manganese, iron, cobalt, and nickel. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Bromine

SubjectTopicQuote

Economic History

Jordan

Over the past year, Jordan Bromine has been set up as a joint venture between Arab Potash and the U.S. firm Albemarle Corporation. (references)

Jordan

The U.S.-based Albemarle Corporation has invested in a joint venture with the Arab Potash Company to extract bromine and other chemicals from the Dead Sea. (references)

Ukraine

Currently only seven types of plant protection substances are produced by local plants, including polycarbapine, polychome, copper vitriol, sulfur-bearing substances, copper oxychloride, bromine methyl, and dinitro-o-cresol. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Bromine

"Bromine" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Bromine" is used about 17 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)100%1785,106

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Usage in Company Names: Bromine

CountryName
Israel

Dead Sea Bromine Company Ltd.

 (more examples...)

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

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Expressions: Bromine

Expressions using "bromine": Bromine Compounds bromine cyanide bromine etch bromine number Bromine Radioisotopes. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "bromine": bromine-free.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Bromine

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

bromine

182

bromine feeder

4

bromine pool

12

bromine msds

4

bromine tablet

12

neptune bromine feeder

3

bromine for swimming pool

8

bromine test

3

bromine chlorine vs

7

bromine pool supply

3

bromine use

6

hot tub bromine

3

spa bromine

6

bromine element

2

indian bromine

5

spa bromine tablet

2

bromine chloride iodine salt sodium

5

bromine care pool

2

bromine chlorine

5

bromine number

2

bromine water

4

bromine decomposition waste

2

allergy bromine

4

bromine properties

2

dead sea bromine

4

bromine in level pool water

2
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Bromine

Language Translations for "bromine"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Arabic 

  

‏البروم, ‏بروم عنصر كيميائي. (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

бром. (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

. (various references)

   

Czech

  

bróm. (various references)

   

Danish

  

brom. (various references)

   

Dutch

  

broom, bromium. (various references)

   

Finnish

  

bromi. (various references)

   

French

  

brome (bromegrass). (various references)

   

German

  

brom. (various references)

   

Greek 

  

βρώμιο. (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

bróm (bromide). (various references)

   

Italian

  

bromo (bromegrass, grass of the genus). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

. (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

しゅうそ (complaint, sect founder). (various references)

   

Korean 

  

브롬 (br). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

ominebray

   

Portuguese

  

bromo. (various references)

   

Romanian

  

brom. (various references)

   

Russian 

  

бром. (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

brom. (various references)

   

Spanish

  

bromo (bromegrass, grass of the genus). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

brom. (various references)

   

Turkish

  

brom. (various references)

   

Ukranian 

  

бром. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Bromine

Derivations

Words beginning with "bromine": bromines. (additional references)

Words ending with "bromine": theobromine. (additional references)

Words containing "bromine": theobromines. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Bromine" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Bomani, borine, Borromini, brahminic, Bromiley, broming, bromite, Broomie, Brosman, Broumand, Brozman, brrrming, Bruijne, Brumante, Brunini, Dromina, promine, promzina, romine. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Bromine"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "bromine" (pronounced brō"mē'n)
3-m ē' namphetamine, histamine, melamine, scopolamine.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Bromine

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "b-e-i-m-n-o-r"

-1 letter: bonier, bromin, merino.

-2 letters: biome, boner, borne, brine, brome, enorm, irone, miner, minor, moire, monie, omber, ombre, robin.

-3 letters: berm, bier, bine, bone, bore, born, bren, brie, brim, brin, brio, ebon, emir, inro, iron, meno, mien, mine, mire, more, morn, noir, nome, nori, norm, omen, omer, rein, rime, robe.

-4 letters: ben, bin, bio, bro.

 Words containing the letters "b-e-i-m-n-o-r"
 

+1 letter: bromelin, bromines, combiner.

 

+2 letters: beworming, brimstone, bromelain, bromelins, brominate, combiners, embryonic, imbrowned, merbromin, recombine, recombing.

 

+3 letters: brimstones, bromelains, brominated, brominates, embargoing, embowering, embroiling, embrowning, imbowering, merbromins, mindblower, morbidness, reblooming, recombined, recombines, submersion, tambourine.

 

+4 letters: ambiversion, beclamoring, beglamoring, confirmable, embarkation, embordering, embrocation, embroilment, embryogenic, firebombing, mindblowers, recombinant, recombining, reembodying, snowmobiler, submersions, tambourines, theobromine.

 

+5 letters: ambiversions, beglamouring, biometrician, boomeranging, brainstormed, brainstormer, chemisorbing, dermabrasion, embarkations, emblazonries, embrocations, embroidering, embroilments, embryogenies, everblooming, imponderable, imponderably, incomparable, microbalance, microbrewing, morbidnesses, neurofibroma, normalizable, outnumbering, recombinants, remobilizing, resubmission, snowmobilers, theobromines.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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Alternative Orthography: Bromine


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

42 72 6F 6D 69 6E 65

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

-...    .-.    ---    --    ..    -.    .

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01000010 01110010 01101111 01101101 01101001 01101110 01100101

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#66 &#114 &#111 &#109 &#105 &#110 &#101

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0042 0072 006F 006D 0069 006E 0065

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

36848179758071

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Commercial
5. Images: Photo Album
6. Quotations: Non-fiction
7. Usage Frequency
8. Names: Company Usage
9. Expressions
10. Expressions: Internet
11. Translations: Modern
12. Abbreviations
13. Acronyms
14. Derivations
15. Rhymes
16. Anagrams
17. Orthography
18. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

 

 

 

 

Note to the press & webmasters - this dictionary can be linked, indexed, or referred to using the following non-English expressions:
woordeboek, fjalor, ‏معجم, ‏قاموس, diccionariu, речник, diccionari, diksyonario, diksinario, 字典, gérlyver, slovník, ordbog, woordenboek, shimiyuc p'anca, orðabók, orðbók, dictionnaire, wurdboek, wörterbuch, λεξικό, אוצר מילים, szótár, uqausiit tukingit, dizionario, 字引 , じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , 사 , dizionari, recnik, fockleyr, dikshonario, słownik, dicionário, dicţionar, dicziunari, словарь, lolomi fefiloi, foclair, abardair, faclair, briathrachan, pukuntau, leksikon, rečnik, vocabbulariu, diccionario, sí-chazamagâma, ordbok, lexikon, พจนานุกรม, sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, словник, довідник, có tính chất sách vở, geirlyfr, geiriadur, for dictionary;
definisie, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, ‏الوضوحية في الشيء, ‏حد, ‏تحديد, ‏تعريف, ‏التحديد, ‏الإيضاحية, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, 定義 , 定义, definice, deskriptordefinition, definitie, määritelmä, définition, ορισμός, "'"ר", "'בל", meghatározás, definíció, definizione, 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, 의, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght, definishon, definição, definiţie, determinare, definire, определение, definicija, definición, definition, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, sự định rõ, sự định nghĩa, lời định nghĩa sự định, diffiniad, darnodiad, for definition;
vertaling, transferim, transmetim, ‏ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ‏ترجمة, ‏إفتتان, транслация, огъване, превод, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, превеждане, 翻译, překlad, oversættelse, translatie, taajuusmuutos, translaatio, traduction, oersetting, Übersetzung, μετάφραση, תור'מ ות, תר'ום, "עתק", "עתק, fordítás, traduzione, 翻訳 , へい"ういどう, やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, トランスレーション , やくじゅつ, ほ"やくしょ, 번역, tradukshon, tradução, translaţie, tãlmãcire, traducere, сдвиг, трансляция, перемещение, перевод, tumačenje, traducción, översättning, tercüme, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення, sự dịch, sự biến th nh sự giải thích, trosiad, for translation;
Arabies, arabishte, ‏العربية, ‏عربي, ‏اللغة العربية, арабски език, арабски, 阿拉伯 , arabský, arabština, arábiskt, arabialainen, arabe, Arabysk, arabisch, αραβικόσ, ערבית, ערבי, arab, arabo, 아라비아, Arabish, arabir, arabic, арабский, Arapi, arapski, árabe, arabisk, าษาหรืออักขระอาหรับ, เกี่ยวกับอาระเบีย, arapça, arap, araplara özgü, арабська мова, арабський, tiếng A-rập, thuộc A-rập, for Arabic;
Bulgaars, Bulgaar, bulgr, ‏البلغارية, ‏بلغاري, Búlgaru, български, български език, българин, Bulgaryan, 保 利亚, bulharský, bulgarer, bulgarskt, bulgarialainen, Bulgaarsk, bulgare, 'ούλγαρος, bullgar, bolgár, bulgaro, 불가리아, Bulgeyragh, Bulgeyrish, Bułgar, болгарский, болгарин, bugarski jezik, bugarski, bugarka, bugarin, búlgaro, bulgar, bulgaristan ile ilgili, болгарський, người Bun-ga-ri tiếng Bun-ga-ri, for Bulgarian;
Sjinees, Chinees, kinez, ‏الصينية, ‏لغة الصين, ‏صيني, ‏الصيني أحد أبناء الصين, Chinu, китайски, Ininsik, 汉语, 中 , 漢 , 中國 , èínský, èínština, èíòan, kineser, kinesiskt, kinverskur, kiinalainen, Chinois, Sineesk, Chinesisch, Κινέζος, κινέζικα, κινέζικοσ, κινέζοσ, σινικόσ, kínai, Kínverji, Sínis, cinese, チフス菌 , チャイニーズ , 중국, Cina, Sheenish, Sheenagh, Hainamana, chines, Chińczyk, chinês, chinés, chinezesc, chinezeşte, chinezã, chinez, китайский, китаец, Saina, kineski jezik, kineski, chino, snesi, sneysi, kinesisk, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin, китаянка, китайська мова, китайський, кита"ць, for Chinese;
Tsjeggies, Tsjeg, çek, ‏تشيكي, ‏اللغة التشيكوسلوفاكية, ‏التشيكي أحد أبناء تشيكوسلوفاكيا, Checu, чешки, Sekoslovakyano, 捷克語 , 捷克语, 捷克 , èesky, èeské, èech, èeština, èeský, èeška, tjekker, tjekke, Tsjech, Tsjechisch, tjekkiskt, t?ekkiläinen, tchèque, Tsjechysk, Tscheche, tschechisch, Tschechin, Τσέχος, cseh, ceco, 체", Sheckagh, Sheckish, Czech, chèc, ceh, чешский, češki jezik, čeh, češki, checo, tjeck, Çek, çekoslovakyalı kimse, çekoslovakyalı, çek dili, чех, чеська мова, чеський, чешка, người Séc tiếng Séc, for Czech;
Deens, danisht, danishte, ‏لغة الدانمركية, ‏نوع كعك, ‏دانماركي, датски език, датски, Daniko, 丹麦语, dánský, dánština, danskur, danskt, tanskalainen, danois, Deensk, dänisch, δανικόσ, δανόσ, עו'ת שמרים, " י, dán, danska, Danmhairgis, danese, 덴마크, Danvargish, Danvargagh, danes, dinamarquês, danez, датский, danski, danski jezik, danés, dansk, danimarkalı, danimarka dili, датський, датська мова, tiếng Đan-mạch, for Danish;
Nederlands, Hollands, holandez, ‏هولندي, ‏اللغة الهولندية, холандски, немски език, холандски език, холандците, немски, Olandes, 菏蘭語 , 荷兰语, holandský, nizozemský, hollandsk, hollendskt, hollantilainen, néerlandais, Nederlânsk, holländisch, ολλανδικόσ, ολλανδόσ, holandisht, "ול "י, holland, hollenskur, Ollainnis, olandese, 네덜란", Belanda, Ollanish, Germaanish, Tatimana, nederlandsk, ulandes, hulandes, holandês, neerlandés, olandez, nemţesc, limba olandezã, german, голландский, holanđanin, u škripcu, holandski, holandés, bakratongo, holländsk, ชาวเนเธอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับเนเธอร์แลน"์, รรยา, alman, eş, flemenkçe, holandaca, hollanda, karı, hollandalı, hollandalılara özgü olan, Hollandali, hollanda'ya ait, голландська мова, голландський, ngôn ngữ khó hiểu, "b xã", for Dutch;
Fins, finlandez, finlandishte, finlandisht, ‏اللغة الفنلندية, ‏فنلندية, ‏فنلندي, фински език, фински, Pinlandino, 芬蘭語 , 芬兰语, finský, finskt, suomi, suomalainen, finnois, Finlandaise, finlandais, finnisch, φινλανδικόσ, פי י, finn, finnskur, finnska, finlandese, 핀란", Fynlannish, Fynlannagh, finlandês, finês, finlandezã, финский, Finisi, finski jezik, finski, finlandés, finés, finsk, fince, finlandiya'ya özgü, фінська мова, фінський, tiếng Phần-lan, for Finnish;
Franse taal, Frans, franceze, francez, frëngjisht, frëng, frëngjishte, ‏فرنسي, ‏اللغة الفرنسية, ‏الشعب الفرنسي, gall, френски език, френски, Pranses, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, francouzština, francouzský, franskur, franskt, ranskalainen, français, Frânsk, französisch, γάλλοσ, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, צרפתי, צרפתית, francia, Fraincis, francese, フレコン化 , フランス" , 仏文 , 仏 , ふつぶ", フレンチ , フランセ , ふつ, "랑스, Perancis, Ny Frangee, Mooinjey ny Frank, frances, franses, francês, francezii, francezã, franţuzesc, franţuzeşte, французский, Falani, francuski jezik, francuski, francuzi, francés, sí-Fulentji, fransk, franska, fransızca, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransız, fransa ile ilgili, французька мова, французький, Ffrengig, isiFulentshi, for French;
Duits, Duitser, Duitse taal, Germaan, gjerman, ‏ضرب من الرقص, ‏جرماني, ‏المانية, ‏الماني, ‏اللغة الألمانية, роден, германски, немски език, немски, немец, готически, германец, 德語 , 德语, 德文 , 德國 , nìmecký, nìmec, tysker, Duitse, týskur, týskt, týskari, saksalainen, Allemand, Dútsk, Deutsche, Deutsch, "ερμανός, gjermanisht, 'רמ י, 'רמ ית, német, þjóðverji, þýskur, GearmÚnach, GearmÚinis, tedesco, ジプシー音楽 , ジャーマン , 독일, todesch, Germaanagh, Garmane, Germaanish, Carmane, aleman, Niemiec, niemiecki, alemão, alemand, neamţ, немецкий, Siamani, germanski, alemán, Tudesku, Doysri, mjeremani, mdachi, sí-Jalimáne, tysk, เยอรมัน, าษาเยอรมัน, Alman, німкеня, німецький, німець, $sisters german$ chị em ruột, $cousin german$ anh chị em con chú bác ruột, sister, Almaenwr, isiJalimane, iliJalimane, iJalimane, for German;
Grieks, Griek, ‏الإغريقي, ‏يوناني, ‏اللغة اليونانية, Griegu, гръцки език, гръцки, грък, Griyego, 希臘語 , 希腊语, řecký, řeètina, řek, græker, grikst, kreikkalainen, grec, Gryk, Gryksk, Gryks, grieche, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, יו ית, יו י, görög, Grikki, greco, ギリシア語 , ギリシア", 그리스, Greagish, Greagagh, grego, grèc, greacã, греческий, Eleni, grk, grčki jezik, grčki, griego, grek, Yunanli, yunanlı, yunanca, yunan, Rumca, yunanistan'a ait, rum, грек, гречанка, грецька мова, грецький, kẻ cắp b gi gặp nhau, quân bạc bịp tôi không thể hiểu được điều đó thật l kỳ phùng địch thủ, người Hy-lạp tiếng Hy-lạp kẻ bịp bợm, kẻ lừa đảo, Groegwr, for Greek;
Hongaars, Hongaar, hungarez, ‏الهنغاري, ‏مجري, ‏هنغاري, ‏المجري, ‏اللغة الهنغارية, Húngaru, унгарски език, унгарски, унгарец, Hungaryan, 匈牙利語 , 匈牙利语, maïarský, maïar, maïarština, ungarer, Hongaarse, ungarskt, unkarilainen, hongrois, Hongaarsk, ungar, Ούγγρος, "ו 'רי, magyar, ungherese, 헝가리, Ungaarish, Ungaaragh, Węgier, ongrés, ungureşte, ungur, limba maghiarã, unguresc, maghiar, limba ungarã, венгр, венгерский, mađarski, mađar, mađarski jezik, húngaro, ungrare, ชาวฮังการี, macarca, macar, угорська мова, угорка, угорський, угорець, người Hung-ga-ri tiếng Hung-ga-ri, for Hungarian;
Italianer, Italiaans, Italiaan, ‏شخص إيطالي, ‏اللغة الإيطالية, ‏الإيطالي, ‏إيطالي, Italianu, италиански език, италиански, италианец, Italyano, 意大利 , 意大利語 , 意大利语, italština, italský, ital, italiener, italienskt, italialainen, Italien, Italjaansk, italienisch, Ιταλός, italisht, איטלקי, איטלקית, olasz, Ítali, IodÚilis, italiano, 이탈리아, Iddaalish, Włoch, italianã, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, итальянский язык, итальянский, итальянец, Italia, italijanski, italijanski jezik, italijan, sí-Taliyáne, italienare, italiensk, italienska, เกี่ยวกับอิตาลี, ชาวอิตาลี, าษาอิตาลี, italyanca, italyan, італі"ць, італійська мова, італійський, італійка, for Italian;
korean, ‏كوري شمالي, ‏اللغة الكورية, ‏كوري جنوبي, ‏كوري, Coreanu, корейски, корейски език, Koryano, 韩国语, "國 , 朝鮮語 , korejský, korejec, korejština, Koreaans, koreanskt, coréen, Koreaansk, koreanisch, Koreaner, κορεάτησ, κορεάτικοσ, koreai, 한국, koreano, coréia, a língua coreana, coreean, limba coreeanã, кореец, корейский, Kolea, korejski jezik, korejski, koreanac, coreano, koreansk, ชาวเกาหลี, kore'li, кореянка, коре"ць, корейська мова, корейський, người Triều tiên tiếng Triều tiên, for korean;
Portugees, portugez, portugalisht, ‏اللغة البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالي, португалски език, португалски, португалец, Potuges, 葡萄牙语, 葡萄牙人 , 葡萄牙語 , portugalský, portugiser, portugisiskt, portugalilainen, portugais, Portugeesk, portugiesisch, πορτογάλοσ, ορτογάλος, portugál, Portaingéilis, portoghese, ポルトガル語 , ポルトガル", 포르투갈, Portiugish, Portiugagh, portugues, Portugalczyk, português, portughez, португальский, portugalski jezik, portugalski, portugalac, portugués, Mreno, si-Putúkezi, portugis, portekiz, Portekízlí, portekizli, portekizce, португальська мова, португальський, португалець, người B"-đ o-nha tiếng B"-đ o-nha, for Portuguese;
Roemeen, rumun, Rumanu, румънски език, румънски, румънец, Romanyan, 罗马尼亚语, rumunský, rumunština, rumæner, Roemeens, rumenskt, romanialainen, roumain, Roemeensk, rumäne, ρουμανόσ, Ρουμάνος, román, rumeno, 루마니아, Roomainagh, romeno, romanés, român, румын, румынский, rumunski, rumunski jezik, rumano, rumänsk, румунська мова, румун, румунський, румунка, for Romanian;
Russies, Rus, ‏الروسية, ‏روسي, ‏اللغة الروسية, Rusu, руски, руски език, руснак, Rusyan, 俄語 , 俄语, 俄文 , ruština, ruský, russer, russur, russiskt, venäläinen, Russysk, Russe, russisch, Ρώσος, רוסי, orosz, rússneskur, Rússi, Rúisis, russo, ロシア語 , ロシア", 러시아, Rooshish, Rooshagh, russisk, Rosjanin, русский, Lusia, ruski jezik, ruski, ruso, sí-Rashîya, ryss, ชาวรัสเซีย, rusça, росіянка, росіянин, російська мова, російський, người Nga tiếng Nga, for Russian;
塞爾維亞克羅地亞語 , 塞"维亚-克罗地亚语, serbokroatisch, 세르보크로아티아, servo-croata, sârbo-croat, srpsko-hrvatski, srpsko-hrvatski jezik, serbokroatiska, serbokroatisk, เกี่ยวกับ าษาเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, าษาหลักของชาวเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, for Serbo-Croatian;
Spaans, Spaanse taal, spanjoll, ‏اللغة الأسبانية, ‏الأسبانية, ‏أسباني, испански език, испански, espanyoles, Espanyol, 西班牙语, 西班牙文 , 西班牙語 , španìlský, španìlština, spanskt, espanjalainen, espagnol, Spaansk, spanisch, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, karaiñe'êmegua, ספר"ית, ספר"י, spanyol, SpÚinnis, spagnolo, スペイン語 , スパイ罪 , スペイン", スパニッシュ , 스페인, Spaainagh, Spaainish, spañó, espanhol, espanhòl, spaniolesc, spanioleşte, spaniol, испанский, Sipaniolo, španski jezik, španski, español, spanska språk, spansk, ispanyollar, ispanyolca, ispanyol, іспанська мова, іспанський, for Spanish;
Sweeds, suedez, ‏اللغة السويدية, Suecu, шведски език, шведски, швед, Swedis, 瑞典語 , 瑞典语, švédský, švédština, Zweeds, svenskt, ruotsalainen, suédois, Sweedsk, schwedisch, σουηδικόσ, σουηδικά, svéd, sænskur, Sualainnis, svedese, スウェーデン語 , スウェーデン", 스웨덴, Soolynish, Soolynagh, suèc, шведский, švedski jezik, švedski, sueco, svensk, เกี่ยวกับคน าษาและวั'นธรรมของประเทศสวีเ"น, isveççe, isveç dili, isveç, Ísveçlí, шведська мова, шведський, người Thuỵ điển tiếng Thuỵ điển, for Swedish;
Turks, turk, ‏تركي أحد أبناء تركيا, ‏اللغة التركية, Turcu, турски, турски език, Turko, 土耳其, 土耳其語 , tureètina, turecký, turkist, turkkilainen, turque, turc, Turksk, türkisch, τούρκικοσ, טורקי, török, Yn Turkish, Turkagh, turcesc, турецкий, turski jezik, turski, turco, turkisk, türk, türkçe, турецька мова, турецький, tiếng Thổ nhĩ kỳ, for Turkish;
乌克兰, for Ukranian;