Arithmetic

Definition: Arithmetic

Arithmetic

Adjective

1. Relating to or involving arithmetic; "arithmetical computations".

Noun

1. The branch of pure mathematics dealing with the theory of numerical calculations.

Date "arithmetic" was first used: sometime around 1250. (references)

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
Entry	Source	Expression	Field
ARELEM	English	Arithmetic element	Computing
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Arithmetic is a branch of mathematics which records elementary properties of certain operations on numbers. The traditional operations are addition and subtraction, multiplication and division although the more advanced operations, exponentiation and square roots, are also a part of this subject. Arithmetic is performed according to an order of operations.

The arithmetic of natural numbers, integers, rational numbers (in the form of fractions) and real numbers (in the form of decimal expansions) is typically studied by schoolchildren of the elementary grades. Representations of numbers in terms of percentages are generally studied then as well. However, in adult life, most people rely on calculators to perform arithmetical computations.

The term "arithmetic" is also used to refer to elementary number theory; it's in this context that one runs across the fundamental theorem of arithmetic and arithmetical functions.

See also:

addition in N
additive inverse
associativity
commutativity
distributive property
number line
order of operations

Synonym: Arithmetic

Synonym: arithmetical (adj). (additional references)

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Accounts	Noun: accounts, accompts; commercial arithmetic, monetary arithmetic; statistics; (numeration); money matters, finance, budget, bill, score, reckoning, account.
Intellect	Central processing unit, CPU; arithmetic and logical unit, ALU.
Measurement	Metrology, weights and measures, compound arithmetic.
Numeration	Arithmetic, analysis, algebra, geometry, analytical geometry, fluxions; differential calculus, integral calculus, infinitesimal calculus; calculus of differences.
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

Domain	Usage
Screenplays	The only arithmetic he ever got was hearing the referee count up to ten. (On the Waterfront; writing credit: Malcolm Johnson; Budd Schulberg) But the essential arithmetic is that our young men will have to shoot down their young men at the rate of four to one, if we're to keep pace at all. (Battle of Britain; writing credit: Wilfred Greatorex; James Kennaway)
Lyrics	Embarrassing position of being unable to do your child's arithmetic homework (New Math; performing artist: Tom Lehrer)
Clever	A happy person is one whose arithmetic is at its best when he is counting his blessings. (references; author: unknown)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Domain	Title
Books	Computer Arithmetic Algorithms (reference) Lessons for Introducing Fractions: Grades 4-5 (Teaching Arithmetic) (reference) The Arithmetic of Life and Death (reference) The Complete Home Learning Source Book: The Essential Resource Guide for Homeschoolers, Parents, and Educators Covering Every Subject from Arithmetic (reference) (more book examples)

Theater & Movies	Arithmetic for Kids (reference) Rev-Up for Arithmetic (reference) The Devil's Arithmetic (reference) (more DVD examples; more video examples)

Music	Reading Writing & Arithmetic [IMPORT] (reference) (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	I opened my arithmetic at random. Credit: Library of Congress.		Illustrated arithmetic problem showing man stamping on fruit in rectangular tub and man standing in round tub, with mathematical equations and surrounding text. Credit: Library of Congress.
	Girls measuring piece of ground in arithmetic class at Hampton Institute, Hampton, Va. Credit: Library of Congress.		The New Education Illustrated, Number 2 - Arithmetic. Credit: Library of Congress.
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

Play	Caption
	Count; counting; numbers; increasing; increase; numerals; numeric; number; one; two; three; four; series; arithmetic series; monotonic series.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Author	Quotation
Ralph Waldo Emerson	No man acquires property without acquiring with it a little arithmetic also.
René Descartes	. . . of all the sciences known as yet, Arithmetic and Geometry alone are free from any taint of falsity or uncertainty.
Thomas Browne	As sins proceed they multiply; and like figures in arithmetic, the last stands for more than all the rest that went before.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Title	Author	Quote
Tangled Tale	Carroll, Lewis	Here you go wrong in your arithmetic, and I must, however reluctantly, bid you farewell.
Walden	Thoreau, Henry David	His only books were an almanac and an arithmetic, in which last he was considerably expert.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		Glucose metabolism declines dramatically as neurons degenerate and die. Scientists are also using PET to learn how changes in brain activity match up with changes in skills, such as the ability to do arithmetic or to remember names of objects. (references)
Economic History	Argentina	Legislation enacted in June 2001 calls for a move to back the Peso with the Dollar and the Euro (value equal to the arithmetic average of the two currencies), but only after the Euro reaches parity with the Dollar. (references)
Lexicography	Devil's Dictionary	CERBERUS, n. The watch-dog of Hades, whose duty it was to guard the entrance -- against whom or what does not clearly appear; everybody, sooner or later, had to go there, and nobody wanted to carry off the entrance. Cerberus is known to have had three heads, and some of the poets have credited him with as many as a hundred. Professor Graybill, whose clerky erudition and profound knowledge of Greek give his opinion great weight, has averaged all the estimates, and makes the number twenty-seven -- a judgment that would be entirely conclusive is Professor Graybill had known (a) something about dogs, and (b) something about arithmetic.
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Speaker	Term	Phrase(s)
Gerald Ford	1974-1977	Simple arithmetic warns all of us that the Social Security Trust Fund is headed for trouble.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

"Arithmetic" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 80.66% of the time. "Arithmetic" is used about 305 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Adjective (general or positive)	80.66%	246	19,009
Noun (singular)	18.36%	56	45,296
Noun (proper)	0.98%	3	202,518
Total	100.00%	305	N/A

Expressions using "arithmetic": arithmetic and logic unit ♦ arithmetic and logical unit ♦ arithmetic book ♦ arithmetic consolidation ♦ arithmetic constant ♦ arithmetic constraint ♦ arithmetic date ♦ arithmetic element ♦ arithmetic formula ♦ arithmetic instruction ♦ arithmetic logic unit ♦ arithmetic mean ♦ arithmetic of sines ♦ arithmetic operation ♦ arithmetic operator ♦ arithmetic progression ♦ arithmetic sequence ♦ arithmetic underflow ♦ arithmetic weighted average ♦ assumed arithmetic mean ♦ be well grounded in arithmetic ♦ Binary arithmetic ♦ binary arithmetic operation ♦ book of problems in arithmetic ♦ commercial arithmetic ♦ compound arithmetic ♦ Decimal arithmetic ♦ Dyadic arithmetic ♦ elementary arithmetic ♦ guessed arithmetic mean ♦ mean arithmetic efficiency ♦ mental arithmetic ♦ modulo arithmetic ♦ peano arithmetic ♦ political arithmetic ♦ sexagenary arithmetic ♦ sexagesimal arithmetic ♦ universal arithmetic. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "arithmetic": arithmetic-bird, arithmetic-logic, arithmetic-logical.
	Ending with "arithmetic": quasi-arithmetic.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Language		Translations for "arithmetic"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Albanian		aritmetikë. (various references)

Arabic		‏حسابي (arithmetical, mathematical), ‏علم الحساب. (various references)

Basque		aritmetika. (various references)

Bulgarian		аритметика (algorism, numbers). (various references)

Chinese		算�" , 算术 (Arithmetical, Arithmetically, math, math-out, maths), 算數 . (various references)

Czech		aritmetika, poèty. (various references)

Danish		aritmetisk middeltal (arithmetic mean, arithmetical mean, average, mean), aritmetisk betingelse (arithmetic constraint, arithmetical constraint), aritmetisk dato (arithmetic date, arithmetical date), aritmetisk formel (arithmetic formula, arithmetical formula), aritmetisk gennemsnit (arithmetic mean, arithmetical mean, average, mean), aritmetisk konsolidering (arithmetic consolidation, arithmetical consolidation), ALU (arithmetic and logic unit), aritmetisk logisk enhed (arithmetic logic unit), aritmetisk middelværdi (arithmetic mean, arithmetical mean, average, mean), aritmetisk middelvirkningsgrad (mean arithmetic efficiency), aritmetisk operation (arithmetic operation, arithmetical operation), aritmetisk operator (arithmetic operator, arithmetical operator), aritmetisk vægtet gennemsnit (arithmetic weighted average, arithmetical weighted average, weighted average), aritmetisk konstant (arithmetic constant, arithmetical constant), vægtet gennemsnit (arithmetic weighted average, arithmetical weighted average, weighted average), regneroperation (arithmetic operation, arithmetical operation). (various references)

Dutch		rekenkunde. (various references)

Esperanto		aritmetiko. (various references)

Farsi		حسابی (Smackdab, Square), حسابگر (Calculator), حسابدان , حساب (Account, Calculation, Score, Tab, Tale, Tally), علم حساب . (various references)

Finnish		aritmetiikka, laskuoppi, laskento. (various references)

French		arithmétique (arithmetical). (various references)

Frisian		rekkenkunde. (various references)

German		arithmetik, rechnen (account, calculate, calculating, calkulate, comput, compute, computing, count, do sums, estimate, figure, have faith, have faith in, include, make calculations, numeracy, rate, reckon, sums, take into account, to calculate, to compute, to reckon, trust, work out). (various references)

Greek		αριθμητική. (various references)

Hebrew		חשבון (account, bill, check, invoice, reckoning, score, statement, tally). (various references)

Hungarian		számtan (figures), aritmetika. (various references)

Indonesian		ilmu hitung. (various references)

Italian		aritmetico (arithmetical), aritmetica. (various references)

Japanese Kanji		算�" , 算法 , 算数 , 数学 (mathematics). (various references)

Japanese Katakana		すうがく (mathematics), さ�"すう, さ�"ぽう (mountain gun, small offering stand, three sides), さ�"じゅつ. (various references)

Korean		산법 (Algorithm). (various references)

Malagasy		kajy. (various references)

Manx		earrooaghtagh (arithmetical). (various references)

Maori		whika. (various references)

Occitan		aritmetica. (various references)

Papiamen		aritmétika. (various references)

Pig Latin		arithmeticay

Portuguese		aritmética (number). (various references)

Romanian		aritmeticã (figure, number). (various references)

Russian		арифметика (calculating numbers, science of numbers). (various references)

Scottish		cunntas (counting, numbering, reckoning). (various references)

Sepedi		dipalo. (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		aritmetika, račun (account, bill, calculation, calculus, check, chit, count, reckoning, tab). (various references)

Sotho		dipalo. (various references)

Spanish		aritmética (arithmetics). (various references)

Swedish		aritmetik (aritmetic). (various references)

Thai		เกี่ยวกับเลขค�"ิต (arithmetical), ค�"ิตศาสตร์. (various references)

Turkish		aritmetik (arithmetical), arítmetík, hesap (account, bill, calculation, calculus, computation, count, counting, estimate, reckoning, score, settling, sum, sums). (various references)

Ukrainian		числовий (arithmetical, numeral, numerary, numerical), арифметичний (arithmetical), арифметика (numbers, sums), лічба (numeration), підручник з арифметики. (various references)

Vietnamese		số học sự tính sách số học. (various references)

Welsh		rhifyddeg. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Derivations
	Words beginning with "arithmetic": arithmetical, arithmetically, arithmetician, arithmeticians, arithmetics. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Arithmetic" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: ariphmetic, arithemetic, arithm, arithmatic, arithmetice, arithmetics, arithmitic, arythmetic, britamatic, Rithmatic, rithmetic. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "arithmetic" (pronounced e'ri'thme"tik or eri"thmuti'k)
5	-m e" t i k	cosmetic, emetic.
4	-e" t i k	acetic, aesthetic, alphabetic, anesthetic, apathetic, apologetic, ascetic, athletic, diabetic, diamagnetic, dietetic, diuretic, electromagnetic, empathetic, energetic, epigenetic, ferromagnetic, frenetic, genetic, geomagnetic, homiletic, hyperkinetic, kinesthetic, kinetic, magnetic, paramagnetic, parasympathetic, parthenogenetic, pathetic, peripatetic, phonetic, poetic, prophetic, prosthetic, sympathetic, synthetic, unapologetic, unsympathetic.
3	-t i k	acoustic, acrobatic, aerobatic, agnostic, altruistic, amniotic, anachronistic, analytic, antagonistic, Antarctic, antibiotic, antic, anticlimactic, antiseptic, aortic, apocalyptic, apoplectic, aquatic, arctic, aristocratic, aromatic, arthritic, artistic, asthmatic, astronautic, asymptomatic, atavistic, atheistic, attic, authentic, autistic, autocratic, automatic, axiomatic, ballistic, bombastic, bureaucratic, capitalistic, catalytic, cathartic, caustic, chaotic, characteristic, charismatic, chauvinistic, chiropractic, cinematic, climactic, climatic, coloristic, critic, cryptic, cultic, cystic, democratic, dendritic, despotic, deterministic, diagnostic, diagrammatic, dialectic, didactic, diplomatic, dogmatic, domestic, dramatic, drastic, drumstick, dualistic, dynastic, ecclesiastic, eclectic, ecliptic, ecstatic, elastic, electrolytic, electrostatic, emblematic, emphatic, enigmatic, enthusiastic, enzymatic, epileptic, erotic, erratic, euphemistic, evangelistic, exotic, expressionistic, extragalactic, fanatic, fantastic, fatalistic, feudalistic, fiberoptic, frantic, futuristic, galactic, gigantic, granitic, gymnastic, halophytic, hectic, hedonistic, hemolytic, hepatic, heretic, hermaphroditic, holistic, homeostatic, humanistic, hypnotic, iconoclastic, idealistic, idiomatic, idiosyncratic, idiotic, imperialistic, impressionistic, individualistic, inelastic, interscholastic, jingoistic, journalistic, lactic, legalistic, linguistic, logistic, lymphatic, majestic, masochistic, materialistic, mathematic, mechanistic, melodramatic, militaristic, monastic, monochromatic, monopolistic, moralistic, mystic, narcissistic, narcotic, nationalistic, naturalistic, neritic, neurotic, novelistic, numismatic, oligopolistic, onomastic, operatic, opportunistic, optic, optimistic, orthodontic, pancreatic, pantheistic, paralytic, parasitic, paternalistic, patriotic, patristic, pectic, pedantic, peptic, pessimistic, phosphatic, plastic, pluralistic, pneumatic, polytheistic, porphyritic, posttraumatic, pragmatic, primitivistic, prismatic, problematic, programmatic, propagandistic, prophylactic, prostatic, psychoanalytic, psychosomatic, psychotherapeutic, psychotic, puristic, quixotic, realistic, relativistic, rheumatic, ritualistic, robotic, romantic, rustic, sadistic, sarcastic, schematic, scholastic, semantic, semiautomatic, semiotic, sensationalistic, septic, simplistic, skeptic, socialistic, static, statistic, stylistic, surrealistic, sycophantic, symbiotic, symptomatic, synergistic, systematic, tactic, technocratic, terroristic, thematic, theocratic, therapeutic, thermoplastic, thrombolytic, transatlantic, traumatic, triptych, unauthentic, uncharacteristic, undemocratic, undiplomatic, unenthusiastic, unpatriotic, unrealistic, voyeuristic.
4	-u t i' k	lunatic, politic.
3	-t i' k	broomstick, candlestick, chopstick, dipstick, impolitic, joystick, lipstick, nightstick, slapstick, uptick, yardstick.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "a-c-e-h-i-i-m-r-t-t"
	-1 letter: hematitic.
	-2 letters: chattier, hermitic, hieratic, rhematic, termitic, theatric, thematic, trichite.
	-3 letters: airtime, cattier, chatter, chimera, chitter, citrate, hematic, imitate, itchier, matcher, ratchet, rematch, theriac, thermic, titmice.
	-4 letters: achier, attire, cahier, cattie, chimar, chimer, cither, haemic, hatter, hermai, hermit, hitter, iatric, imaret, matter, metric, mither, mitier, rachet, ratite, thairm, thetic, thiram, threat, thrice, tither.
	-5 letters: aimer.
	Words containing the letters "a-c-e-h-i-i-m-r-t-t"
	+1 letter: arithmetics.
	+2 letters: arithmetical.
	+3 letters: amphitheatric, antirheumatic, arithmetician, theatricalism.
	+4 letters: antirheumatics, arithmetically, arithmeticians, chromaticities, theatricalisms.
	+5 letters: amphitheatrical, dithiocarbamate, merchantability.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

41 72 69 74 68 6D 65 74 69 63

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

⁼

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

.- .-. .. - .... -- . - .. -.-.

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01000001 01110010 01101001 01110100 01101000 01101101 01100101 01110100 01101001 01100011

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#65 &#114 &#105 &#116 &#104 &#109 &#101 &#116 &#105 &#99

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0041 0072 0069 0074 0068 006D 0065 0074 0069 0063

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

Expression	Frequency per Day	Expression	Frequency per Day
arithmetic	125	arithmetic developed daily	7
devil arithmetic	62	arithmetic population	6
arithmetic modular	21	fixed point arithmetic	6
arithmetic mean	21	arithmetic maya	5
arithmetic sequence	20	arithmetic devil movie	5
arithmetic teacher	18	modulo arithmetic	5
arithmetic logic unit	15	arithmetic problem	5
arithmetic series	13	arithmetic test	4
arithmetic course pdf	12	floating point arithmetic	4
mental arithmetic	10	arithmetic sequence worksheet	4
arithmetic progression	9	arithmetic geometric sequence	4
basic arithmetic	9	arithmetic daily done	3
binary arithmetic	8	the devil arithmetic by jane yolen	3
arithmetic fundamental theorem	8	arithmetic clock	3
arithmetic reasoning	8	arithmetic c code expression source	3
arithmetic coding	8	arithmetic calculator	3
arithmetic mean weighted	7	arithmetic card flash	3
arithmetic devil summary	7	arithmetic c evaluate expression in stacks using	3
ray arithmetic	7	arithmetic game	3
arithmetic pdf	7	arithmetic formula sequence	3
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Arithmetic

Definition: Arithmetic

Arithmetic

Adjective

Noun

Abbreviations & Acronyms: Arithmetic

Specialty Definition: Arithmetic

Synonym: Arithmetic

Synonyms within Context: Arithmetic

Accounts

Intellect

Measurement

Numeration

Crosswords: Arithmetic

Modern Usage: Arithmetic

Screenplays

Lyrics

Clever

Commercial Usage: Arithmetic

Books

Theater & Movies

Music

Image Slideshow: Arithmetic

Illustrations:Arithmetic

Computer Images:Arithmetic

Photo Album: Arithmetic

Sounds Captioned with "Arithmetic".

Familiar Quotations: Arithmetic

Ralph Waldo Emerson

René Descartes

Thomas Browne

Use in Literature: Arithmetic

Tangled Tale

Carroll, Lewis

Walden

Thoreau, Henry David

Non-Fiction Usage: Arithmetic

Lexicography

Devil's Dictionary

Speeches: Arithmetic

Gerald Ford

Usage Frequency: Arithmetic

Expression: Arithmetic

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Arithmetic

Modern Translation: Arithmetic

Albanian

Arabic

Basque

Bulgarian

Chinese

Czech

Danish

Dutch

Esperanto

Farsi

Finnish

French

Frisian

German

Greek

Hebrew

Hungarian

Indonesian

Italian

Japanese Kanji

Japanese Katakana

Korean

Malagasy

Manx

Maori

Occitan

Papiamen

Pig Latin

Portuguese

Romanian

Russian

Scottish

Sepedi

Serbo-Croatian

Sotho

Illustrations:
Arithmetic

Computer Images:
Arithmetic