Amulet

Domain	Definitions
Computing	Amulet An implementation or the Advanced RISC Machine microprocessor architecture using the micropipeline design style. In April 1994 the Amulet group in the Computer Science department of Manchester University took delivery of the AMULET1 microprocessor. This was their first large scale asynchronous circuit and the world's first implementation of a commercial microprocessor architecture (ARM) in asynchronous logic. Work was begun at the end of 1990 and the design despatched for fabrication in February 1993. The primary intent was to demonstrate that an asynchronous microprocessor can consume less power than a synchronous design. The design incorporates a number of concurrent units which cooperate to give instruction level compatibility with the existing synchronous part. These include an Address unit, which autonomously generates instruction fetch requests and interleaves (nondeterministically) data requests from the Execution unit; a Register file which supplies operands, queues write destinations and handles data dependencies; an Execution unit which includes a multiplier, a shifter and an ALU with data-dependent delay; a Data interface which performs byte extraction and alignment and includes an instruction prefetch buffer, and a control path which performs instruction decode. These units only synchronise to exchange data. The design demonstrates that all the usual problems of processor design can be solved in this asynchronous framework: backwards instruction set compatibility, interrupts and exact exceptions for memory faults are all covered. It also demonstrates some unusual behaviour, for instance nondeterministic prefetch depth beyond a branch instruction (though the instructions which actually get executed are, of course, deterministic). There are some unusual problems for compiler optimisation, as the metric which must be used to compare alternative code sequences is continuous rather than discrete, and the nondeterminism in external behaviour must also be taken into account. The chip was designed using a mixture of custom datapath and compiled control logic elements, as was the synchronous ARM. The fabrication technology is the same as that used for one version of the synchronous part, reducing the number of variables when comparing the two parts. Two silicon implementations have been received and preliminary measurements have been taken from these. The first is a 0.7um process and has achieved about 28 kDhrystones running the standard benchmark program. The other is a 1 um implementation and achieves about 20 kDhrystones. For the faster of the parts this is equivalent to a synchronous ARM6 clocked at around 20MHz; in the case of AMULET1 it is likely that this speed is limited by the memory system cycle time (just over 50ns) rather than the processor chip itself. A fair comparison of devices at the same geometries gives the AMULET1 performance as about 70% of that of an ARM6 running at 20MHz. Its power consumption is very similar to that of the ARM6; the AMULET1 therefore delivers about 80 MIPS/W (compared with around 120 from a 20MHz ARM6). Multiplication is several times faster on the AMULET1 owing to the inclusion of a specialised asynchronous multiplier. This performance is reasonable considering that the AMULET1 is a first generation part, whereas the synchronous ARM has undergone several design iterations. AMULET2 (currently under development) is expected to be three times faster than AMULET1 - 120 kdhrystones - and use less power. The macrocell size (without pad ring) is 5.5 mm by 4.5 mm on a 1 micron CMOS process, which is about twice the area of the synchronous part. Some of the increase can be attributed to the more sophisticated organisation of the new part: it has a deeper pipeline than the clocked version and it supports multiple outstanding memory requests; there is also specialised circuitry to increase the multiplication speed. Although there is undoubtedly some overhead attributable to the asynchronous control logic, this is estimated to be closer to 20% than to the 100% suggested by the direct comparison. AMULET1 is code compatible with ARM6 and is so is capable of running existing binaries without modification. The implementation also includes features such as interrupts and memory aborts. The work was part of a broad ESPRIT funded investigation into low-power technologies within the European Open Microprocessor systems Initiative (OMI) programme, where there is interest in low-power techniques both for portable equipment and (in the longer term) to alleviate the problems of the increasingly high dissipation of high-performance chips. This initial investigation into the role asynchronous logic might play has now demonstrated that asynchronous techniques can be applied to problems of the scale of a complete microprocessor. Home (http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/amulet) (1994-12-08). Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing.
Literature	Amulet Something worn, generally round the neck, as a charm. (Arabic, hamulet, that which is suspended.) The early Christians used to wear amulets called Ichthus, fish; the word is composed of the initial letters of Iesos CHristos THeou Uios Soter (Jesus Christ, Son of God, our Saviour). (See Notarica.). Source: Brewer's Dictionary.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Specialty Definition: Amulet

An amulet from the Black Pullet grimoire

An amulet (from Latin amuletum) is something intended to bring good luck and/or protection to its owner. These things can be gems or simple stones, statues, objects, coins, drawings, pendants, ringss, plants, animals, gestures, etc.; even words said in certain occasions --- i.e. vade retro, Satanas --- (Latin, "go back, Satan"), to repel evil or bad luck.

Amulets vary considerably according to the place and epoch. Nevertheless, religious objects are common amulets in different societies, be these the figure of a god or simply some symbol representing the deity (i.e. the cross for Christians, the "eye of Horus" for the ancient Egyptians). It is common even today in Thailand to see people with more than one Buddha hanging from their neck; in Bolivia and some places in Argentina the god Ekeko is a usual amulet, to whom it is due to offer at least one banknote to obtain fortune and welfare.

In the United States of America a gesture has become a common amulet that spread through many countries: "to keep the fingers crossed" to attract good luck or avoid punishment for a fake oath or promise.

Every zodiacal sign has its corresponding gem that acts as an amulet, but these stones vary according to the authors. It is an ancient tradition in China to capture a cricket alive and keep it into an osier box to attract good luck (this tradition extended to the Philippines), and to spread coins on the floor to attract money; rice is also considered a carrier of good fortune. Turtles and cactus are controversial, for meanwhile some people consider them as beneficial, others think they delay everything in the house.

Since the Middle Ages in Western culture pentacles have been considered amulets to attract money, love, etc and protect against envy, misfortune, and other disgraces. As well as the pentacles (geometric drawings with cabbalistic signs), other drawings are used as amulets by Afro-American syncretic religions, like Voodoo, Umbanda and Santeria, although some of these figures, commonly called "Veves" are used to cause bad or illness; these religions also take into account the colour of the candles they light, because each colour features a different effect of attraction or repulsion. Perfumes and essences (like incense, myrrh, etc.) are also used with purposes of attraction or repulsion.

In Central Europe garlic was believed to keep vampires away, as well as religious symbols, preferably Christian. The ancient Egyptians had plenty of amulets for different occasions and needs, often with the figure of a god or the "ankh" (the key of eternal life); the figure of the scarab god Khepri was a common amulet too and has now gained renewed fame around the Western world.

For the ancient Scandinavians, Anglo-Saxons and Germanss and currently for some Neopagan beliefs the rune Eoh (yew) protects against evil and witchcraft; a non-alphabetical rune representing Thor's hammer is still used as a protection against thieves in some places. Deriving from the ancient Celts, the clover, if it has four leaves, is a symbol of good luck (not the Irish shamrock, that symbolises the Christian Trinity). Corals and horseshoes are believed to be also good amulets.

Figures of elephants are believed to attract good luck and money if banknotes are offered to them. In Jordan a hand with an eye amid the palm is used as protection against evil. Small bells are used in India and Tyrol to make demons escape when they sound by effect of the wind or when a door or window is opened.

Another aspect of the amulets is that concerned to Demonology, Demonolatry, and Witchcraft; a cross or pentagram star in downward position is considered favourable to communicate with demons and to show friendship towards them.

Tattoos were used as protective amulets by the Christian Copts, and the Tuareg still use them, as well as the Haida Canadian aborigines, that wear the totem of their clan tattooed. Other peoples also use tattoos.

Museums are full of curious amulets, but we do not need to go far to see one, because they have never lost their influence on people of every nation and social status. We can see amulets in jewellery, fairs of artisans, shops, and, if we look carefully, even in our own home, maybe on ourselves. The need for amulets came with the human race and the need of people for help and protection not only against supernatural powers but also against other persons.

The opposite of an amulet is a jinx.

See also: magic (paranormal); folk religion

Synonyms within Context: Amulet

Modern Usage: Amulet

Commercial Usage: Amulet

Image Slideshow: Amulet

Usage Frequency: Amulet

Expression: Amulet

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Amulet

Modern Translations: Amulet

Language		Translations for "amulet"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Afrikaan		amulet (charm, talisman). (various references)

Arabic		‏حجاب (blind, cameo, cloth, cover, covering, curtain, phylactery, screen, veil), ‏تميمه, ‏تعويذة (abracadabra, charm, exorcism, incantation, mascot, phylactery, talisman, voodoo). (various references)

Bulgarian		талисман (charm, mascot, medicine, phylactery, talisman), муска (fetish, mascot, medicine), амулет (mascot, phylactery, talisman). (various references)

Czech		amulet (phylactery). (various references)

Danish		amulet. (various references)

Dutch		amulet (charm, talisman). (various references)

Esperanto		amuleto (charm, talisman). (various references)

Farsi		طلسم (Abracadabra, Charm, Glamor, Glamour, Incantation, Juju, Ligature, Spell, Talisman). (various references)

Finnish		amuletti, taikakalu (charm, talisman), taikaisku (charm, talisman). (various references)

French		amulette. (various references)

German		Amulett (charm, phylactery, talisman). (various references)

Greek		φυλακτό (charm, phylactery, talisman). (various references)

Hebrew		קמיע (cameo, mascot, talisman). (various references)

Hungarian		amulett (charm, periapt, talisman), talizmán (charm, luck, mascot, talisman). (various references)

Indonesian		azimat (charm, mascot), jimat (mascot, relic, talisman). (various references)

Italian		amuleto (charm). (various references)

Japanese Kanji		護符 (charm, talisman), �"除け (charm against evil spirits, talisman), 神符 (a charm), お守り (charm), 御守り (charm), 呪符 (charm). (various references)

Japanese Katakana		おまもり (charm), し�"ぷ (a charm, abbe, bride, Catholic priest, newly-issuedrecord), まよけ (charm against evil spirits, talisman), �"ふ (charm, talisman), じゅふ (charm). (various references)

Manx		rushag. (various references)

Pig Latin		amuletay

Portuguese		talismã (charm, phylactery, talisman), amuleto (abracadabra, charm, pericarditis, phylactery, talisman). (various references)

Romanian		amuletã (charm, periapt, phylactery, talisman), talisman (charm, Joss, mascot, periapt, talisman), mascotã (mascot). (various references)

Russian		амулет (charm, ju-ju, medicine, periapt, phylactery). (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		amulet, amajlija (periapt, talisman). (various references)

Shona		chitumwa. (various references)

Spanish		amuleto (charm, periapt). (various references)

Swedish		amulett (charm, juju, phylactery, talisman). (various references)

Turkish		tılsım (charm, spell, talisman), nazarlık (charm), nazar boncuğu, muska (charm). (various references)

Ukranian		талісман (charm, mascot, talisman), амулет (charm, periapt, saphie, voodoo). (various references)

Vietnamese		bùa (manitou, periapt, talisman, talismanic). (various references)

Welsh		swyn.gyfaredd (sorcery, witchcraft). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Ancestral Language Translations: Amulet

Derivations & Misspellings: Amulet

Rhyming with "Amulet"

Anagrams: Amulet

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Direct Anagrams: muleta.
	Words within the letters "a-e-l-m-t-u"
	-1 letter: lutea, metal, ulema.
	-2 letters: alme, alum, lame, late, lute, male, malt, mate, maul, maut, meal, meat, melt, meta, mule, mute, tael, tale, tame, teal, team, tela, tule.
	-3 letters: ale, alt, amu, ate, eat, eau, elm, emu, eta, lam, lat, lea, let, leu, lum, mae, mat, mel, met, mut, tae, tam, tau, tea, tel.
	Words containing the letters "a-e-l-m-t-u"
	+1 letter: amulets, calumet, emulate, muletas, mutable, plumate.
	+2 letters: ambulate, calumets, cumulate, emulated, emulates, emulator, flameout, gunmetal, hamulate, maculate, malamute, malemiut, malemute, maturely, modulate, multiage, muscatel, mutilate, simulate, staumrel, ultimate, umlauted.
	+3 letters: aluminate, ambulated, ambulates, amplitude, annulment, comatulae, culminate, cumulated, cumulates, dentalium, emulating, emulation, emulative, emulators, flameouts, formulate, fulminate, glutamate, glutamine, gunmetals, haulmiest, humiliate, immutable, imputable, lunchmeat, maculated, maculates, malamutes, malemiuts, malemutes, masterful, menstrual, modulated, modulates, mountable, mulattoes, multilane, multipage, multiyear, muscatels, mutilated, mutilates, mutualize, penultima, pulmonate, qualmiest, simulated, simulates, staumrels, stimulate, sublimate, tenaculum, tremulant, tularemia, tularemic, ultimated, ultimates, umbellate, untamable.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Alternative Orthography: Amulet

Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

41 6D 75 6C 65 74

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

⁼

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

.- -- ..- .-.. . -

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01000001 01101101 01110101 01101100 01100101 01110100

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#65 &#109 &#117 &#108 &#101 &#116

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0041 006D 0075 006C 0065 0074

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Spell	Talisman, amulet, periapt, telesm, phylactery, philter; fetich, fetish; agnus Dei; furcula, madstone; mascot, mascotte; merrythought; Om, Aum; scarab, scarabaeus; sudarium, triskelion, veronica, wishbone; swastika, fylfot, gammadion.
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

Domain	Usage
Screenplays	With this amulet you and your descendants are endowed by the goddess Isis with the powers of the animals and the elements. (Isis; writing credit: Kathleen Barnes; Russell Bates)
Movie/TV Titles	The Legend of the Amulet (1914)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Domain	Title
Books	Amulet Obsession (reference) An Amulet of Greek Earth: Generations of Immigrant Folk Culture (reference) Beaded Amulet Purses: A Source of Instruction & Inspiration. (reference) Harry Potter Sorcerer's Stone Amulet Specialty Kit (reference) The Johnson Amulet and Other Scottish Terrors (reference) (more book examples)

High Tech	Samurai Jack- The Amulet of Time (reference) (more camera examples; more video game examples; more computer examples; more electronic examples; more software examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	100%	23	72,767

Expression	Frequency per Day	Expression	Frequency per Day
amulet	219	amulet jack samurai through time walk	4
thai amulet	81	amulet yang yin	4
talisman amulet	35	amulet sacred through walk	4
amulet bag	15	buddhist amulet	4
amulet talismans	13	amulet in thai thailand	4
egyptian amulet	11	ancient amulet	4
buddha amulet	11	beaded amulet bag pattern	4
samurai jack the amulet of time	11	amulet cheat jack samurai time	4
thailand amulet	10	amulet magic solomons	4
sacred amulet	9	magic amulet	4
beaded amulet bag	9	amulet purse	3
good luck amulet	7	african amulet	3
amulet superstition	7	amulet bag free pattern	3
thai buddha amulet	7	amulet d esotericos et talismans	3
amulet technology	6	amulet cheat sacred	3
amulet bag pattern	6	amulet and armor	3
love amulet	5	amulet charm	3
protection amulet	5	celtic amulet	3
scarab amulet	5	amulet power	3
amulet east middle	4	ancient egyptian amulet	3
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Hypenated Usage
	Ending with "amulet": skull-amulet.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Language	Period	Translations
Greek	700 BCE-300 CE	phylacterion. (various references)
Latin	500 BCE-Modern	phylacterium, prÃ¦bia. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Derivations
	Words beginning with "amulet": amulets. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Amulet" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: aculei, aemula, Akulov, Amalek, amalet, amblet, ambulift, amele, amilent, Amleto, Amlot, ammulet, amonet, Amplatz, ampulet, amuesha, amul, amulate, amuletic, amullet, amulree, Amunet, anuled, anulet, Aumale, Autel, avulte, azule, camouflet, camulet, emulet, emult, Maaleht, mailet, mault, Mulet, Muleta, omulet, Zamalek. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "amulet" (pronounced a"myulut)
5	-y u l u t	inarticulate, particulate.
4	-u l u t	consulate, desolate, inviolate, ultraviolet, Violet.
3	-l u t	anklet, appellate, autopilot, ballot, billet, booklet, boomlet, bracelet, branchlet, bullet, Charlotte, chocolate, collet, copilot, droplet, emasculate, eyelet, Gantlet, gauntlet, giblet, goblet, gullet, hamlet, harlot, helot, immaculate, lancelet, leaflet, mallet, Merlot, Millet, mullet, omelet, palate, palette, pallet, pamphlet, pellet, piglet, pilot, platelet, prelate, quintuplet, scarlet, sextuplet, skillet, starlet, tablet, template, templet, toilet, triplet, wallet, zealot.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Amulet

Definition: Amulet

Amulet

Noun

Specialty Definitions: Amulet

Specialty Definition: Amulet

Synonym: Amulet

Synonyms within Context: Amulet

Spell

Crosswords: Amulet

Modern Usage: Amulet

Screenplays

Movie/TV Titles

Commercial Usage: Amulet

Books

High Tech

Image Slideshow: Amulet

Illustrations:Amulet

Computer Images:Amulet

Usage Frequency: Amulet

Expression: Amulet

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Amulet

Modern Translations: Amulet

Afrikaan

Arabic

Bulgarian

Czech

Danish

Dutch

Esperanto

Farsi

Finnish

French

German

Greek

Hebrew

Hungarian

Indonesian

Italian

Japanese Kanji

Japanese Katakana

Manx

Pig Latin

Portuguese

Romanian

Russian

Serbo-Croatian

Shona

Spanish

Swedish

Turkish

Ukranian

Vietnamese

Welsh

Ancestral Language Translations: Amulet

Derivations & Misspellings: Amulet

Derivations

Misspellings

Rhyming with "Amulet"

Anagrams: Amulet

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Alternative Orthography: Amulet

41 6D 75 6C 65 74

.- -- ..- .-.. . -

01000001 01101101 01110101 01101100 01100101 01110100

&#65 &#109 &#117 &#108 &#101 &#116

0041 006D 0075 006C 0065 0074

357987787186

INDEX

Illustrations:
Amulet

Computer Images:
Amulet