Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Alizarin |
AlizarinNoun1. An orange-red crystalline compound used in making red pigments and in dyeing. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Etymology: Alizarin \A*liz"a*rin\, noun. [French expression alizarine, from alizari.]. (Websters 1913) |
Synonym: AlizarinSynonym: alizarine (n). (additional references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Alizarin, or 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, is the red dye originally derived from the root of the madder plant. In 1869, it became the first natural pigment to be duplicated synthetically. Its molecular structure is shown at right.
Madder has been cultivated as a dyestuff since antiquity in central Asia and Egypt, where it was grown as early as 1500 B.C. Cloth dyed with madder root pigment was found in the tomb of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun and in the ruins of Pompeii and ancient Corinth. In the middle ages, Charlemagne encouraged madder cultivation. It grew well in the sandy soils of the Netherlands and became an important part of the local economy.
By 1804, the English dye maker George Field had developed a technique to lake madder by treating it with alum. This turned the water-soluble madder extract into a solid, insoluble pigment. This resulting madder lake had a longer-lasting color, and could be used more versatilely, for example by blending it into a paint. Over the following years, it was found that other metal salts, including those containing iron, tin, and chromium, could be use in place of alum to give madder-based pigments of various other colors.
In 1826, the French chemist Pierre-Jean Robiquet found there were two colorants in madder root, the red alizarin and the more rapidly fading purpurin. The alizarin component became the first natural dye to be synthetically duplicated in 1868 when the German chemists Karl Graebe and Karl Lieberman, working for BASF, found a way to produce it from anthracene. About the same time, the English dye chemist William Perkin independently discovered the same synthesis, although the BASF group filed their patent before Perkin by only one day.
The synthetic alizarin could be produced at less than half the cost of the natural product, and the market for madder collapsed virtually overnight. Alizarin itself has been in turn largely replaced today by the more light-resistant quinacridone pigments developed at DuPont in 1958.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Alizarin."
Crosswords: Alizarin |
| English words defined with "alizarin": alizarin carmine, alizarin crimson, alizarin red, alizarin yellow, Anthracene ♦ Frangulinic acid ♦ Garancin ♦ madder, Munjistin ♦ Naphthazarin ♦ Purpurin, Pyrosulphuric ♦ Quinizarin ♦ Ruberythrinic, Rubia tinctorum. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "alizarin": Naphthazarin. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Alizarin" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Albanian (alizarin), Hungarian (alizarin, alizarine), Serbo-Croatian (alizarin), Turkish (alizarin). |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Alizarin" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Alizarin" is used about 15 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 15 | 90,616 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "alizarin": alizarin carmine ♦ alizarin crimson ♦ alizarin red ♦ alizarin yellow. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
alizarin | 5 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "alizarin"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | alizarin. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | الأليزارين صبغ أحمر. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | червена боя за текстил, ализарин (madder). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 二烃基'醌. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | alizarine. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | αλιζαρίνη (garancine, madder). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | alizarin (alizarine). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | alizarina. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | alizarinay alizarina (turkey red). (various references) ализарин. (various references) alizarin. (various references) alizarina. (various references) alizarin, kök kırmızısı. (various references) алізарин. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "alizarin": alizarins. (additional references) | |
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"Alizarin" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Adikari, Alazarin, Alivardi, alization, Altimari, Alysardi, amikacin, arisarum, Ballimaran, Balzarini, Canizaris, kalibari. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| Words rhyming with "alizarin" (pronounced 'A*liz"a*rin'): Achroodextrin, Agrin, Antiarin, Aspirin, Aurin, Autopsorin, Bacterin, Brin, Brompicrin, Burin, Butyrin, Castorin, Cerebrin, Cerin, Cetrarin, Chanfrin, Chlorhydrin, Chlorocruorin, Chlorpicrin, Chondrin, Chrysaurin, Convallamarin, Convallarin, Coumarin, Cruorin, Dextrin, Dulcamarin, Elytrin, Erin, Erythrodextrin, fibrin, Fiorin, Gentiopikrin, gorgerin, Haematoporphyrin, Helleborin, Homocerebrin, Iodhydrin, Iodothyrin, Laurin, Ligustrin, Lipochrin, mandarin, margarin, Mathurin, Morin, Mudarin, Muscarin, Naphthazarin, Niteosaccharin. (additional references) |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-i-i-l-n-r-z" | |
-2 letters: narial. | |
-3 letters: aalii, laari, lanai, lazar, liana, naira. | |
-4 letters: airn, alan, alar, anal, anil, aria, aril, azan, ilia, inia, izar, lain, lair, lari, liar, lira, liri, nail, nazi, raia, rail, rain, rani, rial. | |
-5 letters: aal, ail, ain, air, ala, ana, ani, lar, lin, nil, ran, ria, rin, zin. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-i-i-l-n-r-z" | |
+1 letter: alizarins. | |
+3 letters: marginalize, rationalize, realization. | |
+4 letters: caramelizing, lateralizing, laterization, marginalized, marginalizes, moralization, nationalizer, naturalizing, plagiarizing, polarization, radicalizing, rationalized, rationalizer, rationalizes, realizations, recanalizing, solarization, trailblazing, valorization, velarization. | |
+5 letters: brutalization, cartelization, derealization, desacralizing, familiarizing, formalization, fractionalize, glamorization, laterizations, linearization, marginalizing, materializing, mineralizable, moralizations, nationalizers, normalization, parfocalizing, pluralization, polarizations, rationalizers, rationalizing, renationalize, ritualization, serialization, solarizations, valorizations, velarizations, verbalization, vernalization, vulgarization. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)41 6C 69 7A 61 72 69 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).- .-.. .. --.. .- .-. .. -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01000001 01101100 01101001 01111010 01100001 01110010 01101001 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)A l i z a r i n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0041 006C 0069 007A 0061 0072 0069 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)3578759267847580 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Usage Frequency 6. Expressions 7. Expressions: Internet 8. Translations: Modern | 9. Derivations 10. Rhymes 11. Anagrams 12. Orthography | 13. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
