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(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Duchy of Parma was a small Italian state between 1545 and 1802, and again from 1814 to 1860.The Duke of Parma was also Duke of Piacenza, except for the first years of the rule of Ottavio Farnese (1549-1556), and the rule of the two dukes appointed by Napoleon in 1808.
Farnese Dukes of Parma, 1545-1731
- Piero Lodovico 1545-1547
- Ottavio 1547-1586
- Alessandro 1586-1592
- Rainuccio I 1592-1622
- Odoardo 1622-1646
- Rainuccio II 1646-1694
- Francesco 1694-1727
- Antonio Francesco 1727-1731
Bourbon Dukes of Parma, 1731-1735
- Charles I 1731-1735
Habsburg Dukes of Parma, 1735-1748
- Emperor Charles VI 1735-1740
- Maria Theresa 1740-1748
Bourbon Dukes of Parma, 1748-1802
- Philip 1748-1765
- Ferdinand 1765-1802
Napoleonic Dukes, 1808-1814
- Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès, Duke of Parma 1808-1814
- Charles François Lebrun, Duke of Piacenza 1808-1814
Habsburg Dukes of Parma, 1814-1847
- Maria Luisa 1814-1847
Bourbon Dukes of Parma, 1847-1860
- Charles II Louis 1847-1848
- Charles III 1848-1854
- Robert 1854-1860
Bourbon Dukes of Parma since 1860
- Roberto I 1860-1907
- Enrico 1907-1939
- Giuseppe 1939-1950
- Elias (regent 1907-1950) 1950-1959
- Roberto II 1959-1974
- Xavier 1974-1977
- Carlos Hugo 1977-present
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "List of Dukes of Parma."
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