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Definition: Cycle |
CycleNoun1. An interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs; "the neverending cycle of the seasons". 2. A series of poems or songs on the same theme: "schubert's song cycles". 3. A periodically repeated sequence of events: "a cycle of reprisal and retaliation". 4. The unit of frequency; one Hertz has a periodic interval of one second. 5. A single complete execution of a periodically repeated phenomenon: "a year constitutes a cycle of the seasons". 6. A shortened version of `bicycle' or `tricycle' or `motorcycle'. Verb1. Cause to go through a cycle. 2. Pass through a cycle; "This machine automatically cycles". 3. Ride a motorcycle. 4. Ride a bicycle. 5. Recur in cycles. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "cycle" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
Etymology: Cycle \Cy"cle\, noun. [French ycle, Late Latin cyclus, from Greek ky`klos ring or circle, cycle; akin to Sanskrit cakra wheel, circle. See Wheel.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Cycle 1. n. The basic unit of computation. What every hacker wants more of (noted hacker Bill Gosper described himself as a "cycle junkie"). One can describe an instruction as taking so many `clock cycles'. Often the computer can access its memory once on every clock cycle, and so one speaks also of `memory cycles'. These are technical meanings of cycle. The jargon meaning comes from the observation that there are only so many cycles per second, and when you are sharing a computer the cycles get divided up among the users. The more cycles the computer spends working on your program rather than someone else's, the faster your program will run. That's why every hacker wants more cycles: so he can spend less time waiting for the computer to respond. 2. By extension, a notional unit of _human_ thought power, emphasizing that lots of things compete for the typical hacker's think time. "I refused to get involved with the Rubik's Cube back when it was big. Knew I'd burn too many cycles on it if I let myself." 3. vt. Syn. bounce (sense 4), 120 reset; from the phrase `cycle power'. "Cycle the machine again, that serial port's still hung.". Source: Jargon File. |
Aerospace | (Symbol c) 1. The complete sequence of values of a periodic quantity that occur during a period. 2. One complete wave, a frequency of 1 wave per second.3. Any repetitive series of operations or events. (references) |
Electrical Engineering | The discharge and subsequent recharge of the cell or battery to restore the initial conditions. Source: European Union. (references) |
| The complete range of states or of values through which a phenomenon or a set of quantities passes in a given repeatable order. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Energy | In alternating current, the current goes from zero potential or voltage to a maximum in one direction, back to zero, and then to a maximum potential or voltage in the other direction. The number of complete cycles per second determines the current frequency; in the U.S. the standard for alternating current is 60 cycles. (references) |
Law | Vehicle which has at least two wheels and is propelled solely by the muscular energy of the persons on that vehicle, in particular by means of pedals or hand-cranks. Source: European Union. (references) |
Literature | Cycle A period or series of events or numbers which recur everlastingly in precisely the same order. Cycle of the moon, called "Meton's Cycle," from Meton, who discovered it, is a period of nineteen years, at the expiration of which time the phases of the moon repeat themselves on the same days as they did nineteen years previously. (See Callipic Period.) Cycle of the sun. A period of twenty-eight years, at the expiration of which time the Sunday letters recur and proceed in the same order as they did twenty-eight years previously. In other words, the days of the month fall again on the same days of the week. The Platonic cycle or great year is that space of time which elapses before all the stars and constellations return to any given state. Tycho Brahët calculated this period at 25,816 years, and Riccioli at 25,920. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Math | A path in a graph which starts and ends at the same vertex and includes other vertices at most once. (references) |
Mathematics | Strictly speaking, a periodic movement in a time-series, that is, a component with the property that f(t+tau)= f(t)where tau is the period of the cycle. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mechanical Engineering | A forward stroke and a return stroke, taken together. Source: European Union. (references) |
Metallurgy | The number of skip loads of ore and coke deposited on the large bell of a blast furnace before it is lowered-that minimum of skip loads which together provide the balanced complement necessary to produce hot metal of the desired specification. Source: European Union. (references) |
Nuclear Energy & Physics | A series of changes executed in oderly sequence, by means of which a mechanism, a working substance or a system is caused periodically to return to the same initial conditions, constitutes a cycle. Source: European Union. (references) |
Post & Telecom | The time period required for one complete sequence of signal indications. (Brit. Standard, 892, 67, no 9314). Source: European Union. (references) |
Statistics | A quasi periodic oscillation characterised by alternating periods of expansion and contraction; in most cases it is related to fluctuations in economic activity. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A bicycle is a small land vehicle with two tandem wheels (hence the name) powered by a seated human rider -- in other words a pedal vehicle. Cycling or riding bicycles is one of the principal forms of transportation in several parts of the world. It is also a common recreation and popular sport.
The bicycle is the most energy efficient means of transprt known to man. It has been calculated that, in terms of converting food energy to motion, a bicycle is the most efficient form of locomotion found anywhere in biology. See Science of Cycling: Human Power: page 1.
Speed
Typical speeds for bicycles are 16-32 km/h (10-20 mph). On a really fast racing bicycle, a reasonably fit rider can ride at 30 mph or 50 km/h on the flat for short periods. The highest speed ever attained on the flat, without riding behind a wind-block, is by Canadian Sam Whittingham, who in 2001 set a 80.55 mph or 142.51 km/h record on his highly aerodynamic recumbent bicycle. This stands as the record for all human-powered vehicles.
History
There is some debate about who invented the first bicycle or precursor to the bicycle. Pierre and Ernest Michaux are often credited, but another Frenchman Comte Mede de Sivrac probably has the strongest claim, with the "celerifere" machine he produced in 1790. The German Karl Drais also has a claim with a "Laufmaschine" or "walking machine", which he exhibited in Paris in 1818.The first successful machines that resembled bicycles were invented in the early 1800s. The "draisine" of 1817 had two inline wheels connected to a wooden frame by forks, and the front wheel was steerable. It became rather popular, especially in England and America.
The draisine and machines like it went by a variety of names, such as hobby horse, dandy horse, biciped or swift walker. They were more like scooters than bicycles, because the only means of propulsion was to push against the ground.
In 1840 the Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick McMillan designed and built the first rear-drive bicycle with pedals and cranks, and can therefore be credited as the inventor of the modern bicycle. MacMillan called his machine a "velocipede", and rode it the 40 miles from his home to Glasgow. On his approach to the city, crowds gathered on the road and unfortunately Kirkpatrick collided with a young girl. Although she was only very slightly injured, he was subsequently charged with causing the first ever bicycle accident. The judge could not believe Kirkpatrick had travelled the 40 miles to Glasgow in only 5 hours, but after much explaining, he was allowed to return home. Kirkpatrick McMillan never patented his designs, and his key role in the development of the modern bicycle has been largely unrecognised.
Machines similar to the "velocipede" became very popular after 1866, which is when Pierre Lallement obtained a US patent for a machine he called the "bisicle". Others called it a "boneshaker", an appropriate name for a contraption with steel-rimmed wooden wheels.
Solid rubber tires appeared in 1869 and improved the ride somewhat. The front wheel got bigger, and the rear wheel got smaller. A bicycle boom began. The first highwheeler or 'Ordinary' appeared in 1872. This was called a "Penny Farthing" in England (a penny representing the front wheel, and a much smaller coin, the farthing, representing the rear wheel).
Since a large wheel went farther for each turn of the cranks, and since the maximum pedalling speed was limited, the larger the wheel, the faster a rider could go. Some of the highwheelers had wheels nearly 60" in diameter. They were fast. They weren't particularly safe. The rider was way up in the air and travelling at a great speed. If he hit a bad spot in the road he could easily be thrown over the front wheel and be seriously injured or even killed. "Taking a header", which was not all that uncommon, was no joking matter. The dangerous nature of these bicycles, meant that cycling was the preserve of adventurous young men (there were no women riders) and had little appeal to the wider public.
In 1884, J. K. Starley of the Coventry Sewing Machine Company, invented the "safety bicycle" with wheels of moderate size and a chain drive. With the rider sitting far back on the bicycle, it was almost impossible to take a header on such a machine. With the front chainwheel larger than the rear sprocket, the rear wheel turned faster than the cranks, making it possible for a chain-driven bicycle to go fast even without a huge wheel.
John Boyd Dunlop invented the pneumatic tyre in 1888. This made for a much smoother ride.
The safety bicycles of 1890 were very much like today's bicycles. They had pneumatic tyres similar in size to those on a modern bicycle, spoked wheels, a steel frame and a chain drive. About all they didn't have was a method of changing the gears.
In the 1890s the new safety bicycle broadened the appeal of cycling. In addition, bicycles became mass produced, bringing bicycles down in price to a point where ordinary working people could afford one. This fuelled a "bicycling craze", which ushered in a social revolution see below.
Multi-ratio gearing systems were present in racing bicycles by the 1930s, and derailleur systems evolved in the 1950s.
Social & Historical aspect
Socially, the bicycle helped to strengthen the gene pool for rural workers. It tripled their courting radius on the one day per week they had off and thus was a factor in reducing rural inbreeding. The two-wheeled, diamond-frame safety bicycle (basically the same one we ride today) gave women unprecedented mobility, and contributed to their emancipation. In the 1890s the craze for cycling amongst women, created a whole new set of fashions such as "bloomers" (a garment which is a cross between a skirt and trousers). which helped liberate women from the corset, and other restrictive clothing.
In cities, bicycles helped reduce the crowding in inner-city tenements by allowing workers to commute from single-family dwellings in suburbs. They helped reduce people's dependence on horses. They allowed people to travel in the country. They were three times as efficient as walking and three to four times as fast. Moreover, in terms of distance and speed travelled compared to energy consumed, the bicycle is the most efficient machine yet created.
On an historical note, the development of the modern bicycle had two important implications. First, manufacture of the double-diamond-frame safety bicycle required the development of advanced metalworking techniques to produce the frames, and components such as ball bearings, washers and sprockets. These techniques later enabled skilled metalworkers and mechanics to develop the components that were used in early automobiles and aircraft. The best examples were the Wright Brothers, who got their start as bicycle mechanics.
The second major implication of the bicycle was the political organization of bicycle riders and enthusiasts in such groups as the League of American Wheelmen, in order to persuade local and state governments to create a system of well-maintained and mapped paved roads. Both the model of political organization and the roads themselves later facilitated the growth in the use of another type of wheeled vehicle, the automobile.
In some Western societies, after World War II the bicycle was largely relegated to a device for children, particularly in the United States. In some western countries, most notably the Netherlands and Germany bicycle use for transportation remained fairly common. However, interest has gradually returned, mostly as a fitness activity, hobby, and competitive sport. However, more and more people are using it as a short-range transportation tool, particularly in large, densely populated cities where slow vehicle traffic, high registration and parking costs, and environmental concerns have made commuting by automobile less attractive. This trend has been accelerated by the process of "gentrification" of the inner suburbs of many cities. Many cities are now providing cyclist-only lanes on roads, as well as cycle trails, for both commuting and hobbyist cyclists.
The bicycle remains a primary means of personal transportation in many developing countries. The image of Asian cities clogged with bicycles is a common stereotype, though as they become wealthier it is becoming less popular. According to the magazine, The Economist, one of the major reasons for the proliferation of Chinese-made bicycles on foreign markets is the increasing preference of its own citizens for cars and motorcycles.
Other transportation methods attempt to accommodate the local use of bicycles by providing attachment points on busses, trains, etc. To cope with frequent theft, many destinations provide bike racks or lockable bike mini-garages.
Technical aspect
All modern bicycles are largely similar, consisting of a number of easily identified parts. The frame is the major part of the bicycle, typically consisting of a large triangle on which the rider's weight is distributed fore and aft, and a smaller triangle at the rear onto which the rear wheel is mounted. The front wheel is attached to the bike with a fork, the top of which runs through a bearing system known as the head set on the front of the frame. There is attached to the stem, an adaptor that is in turn attached to the handle bars. Many modern mountain bikes no longer have a rear triangle, but use a fork-like system on the rear as well, with both forks on suspension systems for a smooth ride over rough ground.
Power is taken from the feet on the pedals, through the cranks which are attached to the bike on a bearing system known as the bottom braket. A gear (typically more than one) attached to the crank known as the chainring drives the chain, which runs to the rear of the bike. There a second set of gears, known collectively as the cassette, drives the rear wheel. Depending on the type of cycling the bike is designed for, the cassette may be "flat" as on a road bike, meaning that the differences from one gear to the next are 1 tooth apart, or much more varied as on a mountain bike. The entire system from pedal to rear wheel is known as the drive train, and the gear sets have far too many alternative names; front and rear, driving vs. driven, etc.
Allowing for changing gears is one of the major advances in cycling. The legs work best at particular rotational speeds, known as cadence, and having a wider selection of gear ratios allows you to keep the pedaling speed closer to that chosen value. This is why road bikes use gearing that is close-set, in order to allow the rider to keep the cadence well controlled on the smaller set of terrain a road cycle will typically see. The derailleur is a simple devices that puts strain on the chain by pushing it to the side. The sides of the gears themselves are patterned with chain-like indentations that "catch" the chain when it is pushed against them, pulling it up onto its teeth. The system is considerably simpler than earlier gear-chaning systems like the three-speed bicycle, but took longer to come to market because it is considerably different than any common gearing system in prior use.
The last major component of a bicycle is the brakes. Since the 1950s almost all brake systems were patterned off of the Campagnolo side-pull system, in which two calipers are squeezed together by a cable running from the brake handles. The brake places even pressure on either side of the wheel by way of a spring in the middle that centers them. The increasing use of larger tires on mountain bikes presented a problem however, as the wheels were too large to fit inside calipers of moderate size and weight. This was first solved by the introduction of cantilever systems, in which two "half calipers" are attached to each other with a cable, which is in turn attached to the break cable the user pulls. This design had several disadvantages however; without careful placement of the connector from the break cable to the connecting cable, the breaks would put uneven pressure on either side of the wheel, and if the connector losened completely the cable can drop into the patterning on the tire, thereby causing a quick trip to the hospital when the front wheel instantly stopped turning. A more suitable solution is the v-brake, where the brake cable runs across the top in a way that cannot drop onto the tire, as well as providing considerably more power and being somewhat easier to center.
Materials used in the construction of bicycles are similar to those in aircraft, the goal in both cases to make a strong and light weight structure. Almost all bicycles before the 1970s used chromaloy (or chromoloy), a fairly typical chrome-steel. Starting in the 1980s aluminum started to become popular, largely as a side-effect of its decline in price, and today it is perhaps the most common material used in mid-range bikes. At the high end carbon fibre and titanium are available, although very expensive. Each frame material has certain advantages and disadvantages, although for a given frame geometry all bicycles will have nearly identical ride qualities. The primary differences among frame materials are in the areas of durability, aesthetics, reparability, and weight. Because the vertical stiffness of even a very flexible frame is an order of magnitude higher than the stiffness of the tires and saddle, ride comfort is more a factor of saddle choice, frame geometry, tire choice, and bike fit.
Although the operation of a bicycle is simple in principle, many of the parts are complex and some people prefer to leave repair and maintenance to professionals. However, many prefer to maintain their own bicycles as much as they can, whether to save money or because they enjoy repairs as part of the hobby of cycling.
For more information on the technical aspects of bicycles, see the following:
- list of bicycle parts
- bicycle brake systems
- bicycle repair.
Variations
Variations on the bicycle include:
And maybe at least one reference to a sports science article that explains how cycling is the most efficient form of human powered transport.
- Penny-farthing
- more wheels: tricycles and so on
- one wheel: unicycle
- powered by more than one riders: tandem bicycle
- pedal & seating location: recumbent bicycle
- seatless: scooter
- used to transport taxi passengers: velotaxi or pedicab; trishaw
- push cycle
- equipped for travel on rough terrain Mountain bike or Cyclocross
- equipped to carry cargo long distance Touring bike
- Freight bicycles are designed specifically for transporting large loads
- velomobile for all-weather pedal-powered transportation
- two wings: Gossamer Albatross
Powered bicycles are also known as motorcycles, mopeds, and scooters.
Cycle trivia
A bike can be an insulting term for a locally-promiscuous woman as in the phrase "she's the town bike" (ie, "Everybody's had a ride on her").
See also
- Bike messenger
- Cycling
- List of bicycle manufacturers
External links
- "Kirkpatrick McMillan and the Bicycle" - an opinion article from the Plainview Herald, by Robert R. McMillan, dated Friday, June 18, 1999
- http://www.battewell.freeserve.co.uk/bike.html General useful information
- Freight Bicycles
- :: Lance Armstrong's Official Web Site ::
- AskMen.com - Lance Armstrong
- Bicycle Touring Resources Tips, packing lists, bibliography, travelogues, photographs and more.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Bicycle."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Groups of stories grouped around common figures, based on mythical figures or loosely on historic ones. The most famous is the Arthurian cycle, the stories of King Arthur, Lancelot and the Knights of the Round Table. Also there is a Charlemagne cycle, the Robin Hood cycle,...Irish literature includes four cycles, Fenian cycle, the tales of Finn mac Cool and the Fiana; the mythological cycle; the historical cycle; and the Ulster cycle, the tales of Cu Chulain.
The York cycle of mystery plays described the entire history of salvation in 47 plays that were developed in York in the 14th through 16th centuries.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Literature cycle."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Metonic cycle in astronomy and calendar studies is an approximate common multiple of the orbital periods of the Earth and the Moon. 19 tropical years differ from 235 synodic months by just about 2 hours.
This approximation is used by the Hebrew calendar. It was known to the Greek astronomer Meton, who introduced it about 432 BC, and the Chaldean astronomer Kidinnu (4th cy. BC). It is also used in the computation of the date of Easter.
In a typical lunisolar calendar, most years are lunar years of 12 months, but in 7 of the 19 years have an extra month, known as an intercalary or embolismic month. Traditionally (in the ancient Babylonian and Hebrew calendars), the years: 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 19, are the long (13-month) years of the Metonic cycle. This incorporates two less accurate subcycles, for which 8 years = 99 lunations (an Octaeteris), and 11 years = 135 lunations.
The 19-year cycle is also close (to somewhat more than half a day) to 255 draconic months, so it also is an eclipse cycle, which lasts only for about 4 or 5 recurrences of eclipses. The implicit 11-year cycle is close to 146.5 draconic months, and is a better eclipse cycle called tritos.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Metonic cycle."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In Buddhism, Jainism, and Hinduism, Samsara is the doctrine according to which the world is seen as illusory and earthly life as an undesireable state one should strive to overcome, because of the impermanence of phenomena and disease (Buddhism) or because of separation from God (Hinduism). Samsara is the cause of reincarnation, has no beginning and can only be ended by enlightenment.In Buddhism, samsara is believed to be perpetuated by one's desires alone. In Hinduism and Jainism, karma, anuva (ego) and the veil of maya are considered as additional factors.
Buddhism teaches that when one frees from samsara he reaches nirvana; in Hinduism and Jainism, liberation from samsara is called moksha or mukti.
The possible means of achieving enlightenment differ from tradition to tradition, and generally involve austerities and the renunciation of all worldly desires. Some Hindu traditions (see bhakti movement) hold the belief that moksha may alternatively be achieved by the mercy of God.
The Mahayana Buddhist tradition teaches in the Heart Sutra that samsara and nirvana are dual aspects of the same ultimate reality. Or in other world, freedom is not reached by renouncing the world. Because they are relative to each other, they are, each of them, ultimately unreal and empty.
Etymology
Sanskrit: sam—together; sarati—it flows. While the term is sometimes translated as "course of life", a more accurate picture is that of shipwrecked sailors drifting aimlessly at the mercy of the sea.
One who is subject to samsara is called a samsari.
- See also: Wheel of Life
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Samsara."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A sunspot is a region on the Sun's surface (photosphere) that is marked by a lower temperature than its surroundings, and intense magnetic activity. Although they are blindingly bright, at temperatures of roughly 5000 Kelvin, the contrast with the surrounding material at some 6000 Kelvin leaves them clearly visible as dark spots. Interestingly, if they were isolated from the surrounding photosphere they would be brighter than an electric arc.
Active region 9393 as seen by the MDI instrument on SOHO hosted the largest sunspot group observed so far during the current solar cycle. On 30 March 2001, the sunspot area within the group spanned an area more than 13 times the entire surface of the Earth. It was the source of numerous flares and coronal mass ejections, including one of the largest flares recorded in 25 years on 2 April 2001. Caused by intense magnetic fields emerging from the interior, a sunspot appears to be dark only when contrasted against the rest of the solar surface, because it is slightly cooler than the unmarked regions.
History
Apparent references to sunspots were made by first millennium AD Chinese astronomers, who probably could see the largest spot groups when the sun's glare was filtered by wind-borne dust from the various central Asian deserts.
They were first observed telescopically by Frisian astronomers Johannes and David Fabricius in 1611; their discovery was overlooked however, and there soon arose a dispute between Christoph Scheiner and Galileo Galilei over who first saw sunspots -- both discovered them independently of each other within a few months of the Fabriciuses. Sunspot research remained dormant after this due to the Maunder Minimum, during which no sunspots were visible for some years, but after the resumption of sunspot activity, Heinrich Schwabe in 1843 reported a periodic change in the number of sunspots.
An extremely powerful flare was emitted toward Earth on 1 September 1859. It interrupted telegraph service and caused visible Aurora Borealis as far south as Havana, Hawaii, and Rome with similar activity in the southern hemisphere.
Possibly the powerful flare observed by satellite instrumentation began on 4 November 2003 at 19:29 UTC, and saturated instruments for 11 minutes. Region 486 has been estimated to have produced an X-ray flux of X28. Holographic and visual observations indicate significant activity continued on the far side of the Sun.
Physics
Although the details of sunspot generation are still somewhat a matter of research, it is quite clear that sunspots are the visible counterparts of magnetic flux tubes in the convective zone of the sun that get "wound up" by differential rotation. If the stress on the flux tubes reaches a certain limit, they curl up quite like a rubber band and puncture the sun's surface. At the puncture points convection is inhibited, the energy flux from the sun's interior decreases, and with it the surface temperature. The Wilson effect tells us that sunspots are actually depressions on the sun's surface.
This model is supported by observations using the Zeeman effect that show that prototypical sunspots come in pairs with opposite magnetic polarity. From cycle to cycle, the polarities of leading and trailing (with respect to the solar rotation) sunspots change from north/south to south/north and back. Sunspots usually appear in groups.
The sunspot itself can be divided into two parts :
Magnetic field lines would ordinarily repel each other, causing sunspots to disperse rapidly, but sunspot lifetime is about two weeks. Recent observations from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) using sound waves travelling through the Sun's photosphere to develop a detailed image of the internal structure below sunspots show that there is a powerful downdraft underneath each sunspot, forming a rotating vortex that concentrates magnetic field lines. Sunspots are self-perpetuating storms, similar in some ways to terrestrial hurricanes.
- umbra (temperatures around 2200 degrees Celsius)
- penumbra (temperatures around 3000 degrees Celsius)
There is a regular sunspot activity that begins in the higher latitudes and moves toward the equator. Sunspot activity cycles about every ten years (7.5 - 11). This is called the Spoerer law. The point of highest sunspot activity during this cycle is known as Solar Maximum (Solar Max for short), and the point of lowest activity is Solar Minimum (Solar Min).
Today it is known that there are various periods in the Sunspot Index, the most prominent of which is at about 11 years in the mean. This period is also observed in most other expressions of solar activity and is deeply linked to a variation in the solar magnetic field that changes polarity with this period, too.
Application
Sunspots are relatively easily observed -- a small telescope with a projection facility suffices. Note: Never look directly into the Sun; it can cause permanent, incurable damage to the retina before you know that anything is happening.
Due to their link to other kinds of solar activity, they can be used to predict the space weather and with it the state of the ionosphere. Thus they can help predict conditions of short-wave propagation or satellite communications.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Sunspot."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| cy | English | Cycle | Electrical Engineering, Meteorology & Standards |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: CycleSynonyms: cps (n), cycle per second (n), cycles/second (n), rhythm (n), round (n), bicycle (v), bike (v), motorcycle (v), pedal (v), wheel (v). (additional references) |
| Synonym by domain: cy (electrical engineering, meteorology & standards). |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Circularity | Circle, circlet, ring, areola, hoop, roundlet, annulus, annulet, bracelet, armlet; ringlet; eye, loop, wheel; cycle, orb, orbit, rundle, zone, belt, cordon, band; contrate wheel, crown wheel; hub; nave; sash, girdle, cestus, cincture, baldric, fillet, fascia, wreath, garland; crown, corona, coronet, chaplet, snood, necklace, collar; noose, lasso, lassoo. |
Inactivity | Phrase: the eyes begin to draw straws; "bankrupt of life yet prodigal of ease"; " better years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay"; "idly busy rolls their world away "; "the mystery of folded sleep"; "the timely dew of sleep"; "thou driftest gently down the tides of sleep"; "tired Nature's sweet restorer, balmy sleep". |
Regularity of recurrence Periodicity | Rota, cycle, period, stated time, routine; days of the week; Sunday, Monday; months of the year; January; feast, fast; Christmas, Easter, New Year's day; Allhallows, Allhallowmas, All Saints' Day; All Souls', All Souls' Day; Ash Wednesday, bicentennial, birthday, bissextile, Candlemas, Dewali, groundhog day, Halloween, Hallowmas, Lady day, leap year, Midsummer day, Muharram, woodchuck day, St. Swithin's day, natal day; yearbook; yuletide. |
Vehicle | Truck, tram; cariole, carriole; limber, tumbrel, pontoon; barrow; wheel barrow, hand barrow; perambulator; Bath chair, wheel chair, sedan chair; chaise; palankeen, palanquin; litter, brancard, crate, hurdle, stretcher, ambulance; black Maria; conestoga wagon, conestoga wain; jinrikisha, ricksha, brett, dearborn, dump cart, hack, hackery, jigger, kittereen, mailstate, manomotor, rig, rockaway, prairie schooner, shay, sloven, team, tonga, wheel; hobbyhorse, go-cart; cycle; bicycle, bike, two-wheeler; tricycle, velocipede, quadricycle. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Yet we know that winter is just another step in the cycle of life (Groundhog Day; writing credit: Guy Ritchie) Everything has a beginning and an end. Life is just a cycle of starts and stops (Cowboy Bebop; writing credit: Akihiko Inari) 'Cept that we don't know how many hours are in the daily cycle here (King Dinosaur; writing credit: Bert I. Gordon; Tom Gries) My hair is at the peak of its cycle. It's full, but not a Jake-fro (Good Morning, Miami; writing credit: James Grissom; David Kohan) If we could just throw it off, interrupt the cycle, then he might be stopped by his own inflexible standards (The Abominable Dr. Phibes; writing credit: James Whiton; William Goldstein) | |
Lyrics | I'm gonna break the cycle (Die Another Day; performing artist: Madonna; writing credit: Madonna) Cycle is through, her cycle is through (The Death Of Suzzy Roche; performing artist: The Roches) Your mama's in the kitchen with a can of Cycle Four (Happy Birthday; performing artist: Weird Al Yankovic) | |
Movie/TV Titles | The F Cycle (1974) Cycle (1971) Life Cycle of Leucochloridium variae (1969) The Cycle Savages (1969) A Cycle of Songs (1928) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books |
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Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies |
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Music |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-I) enters the T-lymphocyte where the virus loses its outer envelop, releasing its RNA and its reverse transcriptase. The reverse transcriptase builds a complimentary DNA strand from the viral RNA template. The DNA helix is inserted into the host genome. When this is transcribed by the infected cell, the new viral RNA and proteins are produced to form new viruses that then bud from the cell membrane, thus completing the life cycle of the virus. See artwork: GR-32. Credit: Trudy Nicholson (artist). |  | Display showing the life cycle of a hookworm. Credit: CDC. |
 | The trophozoites represent stages in the Plasmodium spp. life cycle, right after a blood or liver cell has been infected by a sporozoite. This image shows a erythrocyte having become a mature trophozoite. Credit: CDC. |  | Life Cycle of Stars. Credit: NASA. |
 | Bayou Lafourche was the main channel of the Mississippi River a few thousand years ago. As river bed fills, the river changes course seeking a steeper slope to the sea. If allowed to follow its natural cycle, the Mississippi River would be in the process of changing its course into the bed of the Atchafalaya River. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Each day the cloud cover rolls up Mauna Loa from the Hilo area. It fills the saddle first, then reaches the observatory by late afternoon. This is a daily cycle. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | Waiting for the tide to go out, a fyke net collection. The nets are deployed at high tide and allowed to fish during the tidal cycle, they are retrieved at low tide. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | Narragansett Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve White-footed mouse - Peromyscus leucopus. This mouse is a prey species of owls - especially screech owls and barred owls. Unfortunately, this small rhodent is also an important host in the life cycle of the deer tick and the spread of Lyme disease. Credit: National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERR). |
 | Corn stalks are tested for nitrogen content as part of a year-long testing cycle to determine whether the optimum amounts of nitrogen are being applied to the land for growing corn, without over-applying to pollute water supplies. Credit: Lynn Betts. |  | Farmer and Ann Bentley, NRCS Soil Conservation Technician, discuss the harvest cycle of tomato crop. [Slide 97CS3117]. Credit: Bob Nichols. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |
| "Cycle sign at night" by Steven Lester Commentary: "Closeup cycle path sign at night." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Author | Quotation |
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus | Each thing is of like form from everlasting and comes round again in its cycle. |
Oscar Wilde | Only mediocrities progress. An artist revolves in a cycle of masterpieces, the first of which is no less perfect than the last. |
Virgil | The great cycle of the ages is renewed. Now the Maiden returns, returns the Golden Age; a new generation now descends from heaven. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | The vast cycle of starry life bore his weary mind outward to its verge and inward to its centre, a distant music accompanying him outward and inward |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Life cycle of Cryptosporidium. (references) | |
Use the hot water (130o F) cycle. (references) | ||
Each cycle is called an exchange. (references) | ||
Business | The tourism sector in the United States should take advantage of this cycle. (references) | |
This has put an even greater burden on the bidder early in the decision cycle. (references) | ||
This latter project would generate 50 cycle electricity, exclusively for export to Brazil. (references) | ||
Children | Turkey | Children have suffered greatly from the cycle of violence in the southeast. (references) |
Civil Liberties | India | On occasion, Hindu-Muslim violence led to killings and a cycle of retaliation. (references) |
Canada | This legislation based school commissions and schools on linguistic rather than religious lines, required schools to provide either Catholic, Protestant, or moral education classes, and reduced teaching hours for such classes from 120 to 72 hours per 2-year cycle. (references) | |
Economic History | Argentina | AC 50 cycle, 220 volts, one phase. (references) |
Italy | Market analysts forecast a continuing cycle of dynamic growth. (references) | |
Switzerland | The oldest nuclear plants will reach the end of their cycle in 15-20 years. (references) | |
Human Rights | Guatemala | These figures again reflected an increase over the previous reporting cycle. (references) |
Indonesia | In addition unverified reports of provocations and conspiracies fueled the continuous cycle of violence. (references) | |
Brazil | However, the report also noted that the tactics of the land reform movement have led to a self-perpetuating cycle in the past several years, in which increased confrontation and tension have led to increased government attention, encouraging in turn more land occupations. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Indonesia | Since the workers could not afford the prices, they bought the goods using vouchers representing future wages, thereby, according to the ILO, "turning once independent and relatively well-off farmers into impoverished bonded laborers trapped in an ever-mounting cycle of debt." Tensions with indigenous people in Papua continued. (references) |
Political Economy | BELGIUM | This decline can be largely attributed to a slowdown in exports due to the deteriorating international business cycle. (references) |
BELGIUM | Sectors that are expected to perform relatively well in this downturn of the business cycle are energy, pharmaceuticals, and distribution. (references) | |
Trade | Norway | Electric current throughout Norway is 50 cycle, 220-volt a.c; single- and three-phase. (references) |
Spain | The labels inform consumers of products that are environmentally safer than others in all aspects of a product's life cycle. (references) | |
India | Pre-shipment credit: This finance is available form Exim Bank for companies executing export contracts involving cycle time exceeding six months. (references) | |
Travel | Ireland | The electric current in Ireland is alternating current, 50 cycle, 220 volts. (references) |
Uruguay | Electrical current is alternating 50 cycle, 220 volts, single and triple phase. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Bangladesh | Seeing no alternative for breaking the cycle of poverty, parents sometimes willingly send their children away. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Christopher Reeve | Well I do exercises what's called a toe table where can experience what's like to bear weight. I practice standing up vertically on this strapped to a table and I do something called a Regis cycle which has have been very kindly donated to me. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Warren G. Harding | 1921-1923 | The forward course of the business cycle is unmistakable. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | I wish it were possible to say that everything that this Congress and the administration achieved during this period had already completed that cycle. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | Now the multinational peacekeeping force and our marines are helping them break their cycle of despair. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | We must break the deadly cycle of drugs and crime. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Cycle" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 94.40% of the time. "Cycle" is used about 2,799 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 94.4% | 2,642 | 3,466 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 4.1% | 115 | 30,138 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 1.39% | 39 | 55,036 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.11% | 3 | 202,518 |
| Total | 100.00% | 2,799 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Japan | Maruishi Cycle Industries Ltd. | Malaysia | Cycle & Carriage Bintang Berhad |
| Singapore | Cycle & Carriage Limited | Taiwan | Falcon Cycle Parts Inc. |
| USA | Golden Cycle Gold Corporation | ||
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "cycle": aborted cycle ♦ amount remaining this cycle ♦ astronomical cycle ♦ business cycle ♦ business operation cycle ♦ Calippic cycle ♦ carbon cycle ♦ cardiac cycle ♦ Carnot cycle ♦ Carnot's cycle ♦ Carnot's ideal cycle ♦ CBS DRX cycle ♦ cell broadcast service discontinuous reception cycle ♦ cell cycle ♦ cell cycle clock ♦ Cell Cycle Proteins ♦ chewing cycle ♦ citric acid cycle ♦ climatic cycle ♦ closed cycle ♦ cycle begin ♦ cycle crunch ♦ cycle drought ♦ cycle exerciser ♦ cycle lane ♦ cycle of actions ♦ Cycle of eclipses ♦ cycle of fluctuation ♦ Cycle of indiction ♦ cycle of reincarnation ♦ Cycle of the moon ♦ Cycle of the sun ♦ cycle of the Sunday letter ♦ cycle on ♦ cycle or year ♦ cycle path ♦ cycle per second ♦ cycle race ♦ cycle rickshaw ♦ cycle server ♦ cycle time ♦ cycle track ♦ double flash cycle ♦ dual cycle ♦ duty cycle ♦ economic cycle ♦ execute cycle ♦ execution cycle ♦ food cycle ♦ Greek paschal cycle ♦ hamiltonian cycle ♦ hydrologic cycle ♦ hydrological cycle ♦ instruction cycle ♦ intelligence cycle ♦ Joule's cycle ♦ keying cycle ♦ Krebs citric acid cycle ♦ krebs cycle ♦ life cycle ♦ Life Cycle Stages ♦ load cycle ♦ Lunar cycle ♦ machine cycle ♦ mean cycle between scheduled shop visits ♦ mean cycle between unscheduled replacement ♦ menstrual cycle ♦ metonic cycle ♦ motor cycle ♦ nitrogen cycle ♦ operating cycle ♦ Otto cycle ♦ pdsa cycle ♦ phreatic cycle ♦ power cycle ♦ product cycle ♦ Project Cycle Management ♦ regenerative cycle ♦ repeated load cycle ♦ reverse cycle heating ♦ search cycle ♦ signal head cycle ♦ skipped cycle count ♦ software development life cycle ♦ software life cycle ♦ solar cycle ♦ song cycle ♦ stirling cycle ♦ sulfur cycle ♦ sulphur cycle ♦ systems Development Life Cycle ♦ systems life cycle ♦ thermodynamic cycle ♦ trade cycle ♦ tricarboxylic acid cycle ♦ usable cycle ♦ vicious cycle ♦ water cycle. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "cycle": cycle-a, cycle-car, cycle-clips, cycle-friendly, cycle-length, cycle-length-based, cycle-regulating, cycle-run, cycle-sequencing, cycle-stealing, cycle-street, cycle-track, cycle-way, cycle-ways. | |
Ending with "cycle": fairy-cycle, fuel-cycle, pedestrian-cycle, re-cycle. | |
Containing "cycle": fixed-cycle operation, solar-cycle-length. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
cycle trader | 4,157 | butterfly life cycle | 215 |
menstrual cycle | 1,320 | rock cycle | 211 |
cycle world | 1,231 | ovulation cycle | 193 |
life cycle | 1,067 | life cycle management | 189 |
cycle | 807 | carbon cycle | 187 |
water cycle | 670 | product life cycle | 187 |
j and p cycle | 640 | lunar cycle | 169 |
cycle world magazine | 431 | cycle gear | 168 |
menstral cycle | 422 | frog life cycle | 165 |
hand cycle | 412 | national cycle | 161 |
cycle news | 361 | cycle salvage | 157 |
jp cycle | 323 | software development life cycle | 155 |
county cycle orange | 313 | pacific cycle | 154 |
custom cycle | 283 | krebs cycle | 143 |
cycle trader.com | 266 | menstruation cycle | 134 |
deep cycle battery | 260 | s s cycle | 132 |
steroid cycle | 243 | cycle life star | 118 |
moon cycle | 241 | irregular menstrual cycle | 113 |
nitrogen cycle | 221 | cycle performance | 109 |
system development life cycle | 220 | motor cycle part | 108 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "cycle"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | fietsry, fiets (bicycle, bike). (various references) | |
Albanian | cikël (circle, revolution, round), varg i plotë, rrugë (approach, approaches, Avenue, course, drag, drive, gateway, haul, journey, milage, mileage, path, pathway, ride, road, roadway, route, street, trail, traverse, way), rrotullim (circumgyration, gyration, revolution, rotation, spin, torsion, traverse, turn, turning, twirl, wheel, whirlabout), periodë (menses, monthlies, period), ngas biçikletën (bicycle, pedal), kryej një cikël, fazë (grade, leg, phase, stage, timing), epokë (age, chapter, day, epoch, era, period, time), biçikletë (bicycle, bike, machine, push bicycle, roadster). (various references) | |
Arabic | سلسلة من الحكايات, عصر من الزمن, المجموعة (group), ركب دراجة (bicycle, bike, pedal), شوط (course, race, round, stroke), دورة (circle, inning, period, rotation, turning, twirl), دور (age, circle, floor, function, part, place, refrain, role, round, say, storey, turn), دراجة هوائية (bicycle, bike). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | серия (block, chapter, circuit, concatenation, consecution, course, parcel, range, round, run, sequence, series, set, suite), цикъл (circle, circuit, round, run, sequence), такт (address, bar, cadence, diplomacy, management, measure, movement, poise, savoir faire, savvy, tact, time), кръгов процес, кръг (circle, disc, disk, orb, range, ring, round, set, sphere), карам колело (bicycle), век (age, centenary, centennial, century, epoch, period), велосипед (bicycle, bike, pushbicycle, wheel), оборот (overturn, revolution, turnover), минавам през цикли, правя обороти, период (age, circle, date, epoch, period, phase, repetend, season, spell, term, time), движа се през периоди. (various references) | |
Catalan | bicicleta (bicycle, bike). (various references) | |
Chinese | 週期 (period), 週 (week), 騎車 , 周期 (Cyclical), 周 (all, attentive, circuit, complete, encircle, every, lap, thoughtful, week). (various references) | |
Czech | cyklus (series), obìh (circuit, circulation, flow, orbit, revolution, sphere, turn), kroužit (circle, gyrate, ring, wheel, whirl, whirl round in circles), kolo (bicycle, bike, bout, coil, hoop, round, wheel), jet na kole (go by bicycle, ride a bicycle). (various references) | |
Danish | cykel (bicycle, bike). (various references) | |
Dutch | cyclus (draw, time cycle), kringloop (circuit system, closed circuit, closed cycle, closed loop, vicious circle), fietsen. (various references) | |
Esperanto | biciklo (bicycle, bike), bicikli. (various references) | |
Faeroese | súkkla (biking). (various references) | |
Farsi | یک سری داستان درباره یک موضوع , چرخ (Axle, Cart, Loop, Rhomb, Turquoise, Wheel), سیکل , سواردوچرخه شدن , دوره گردش , بصورت دورانی یامتناوب ظاهرشدن . (various references) | |
Finnish | kierto (circulation, rotation, round), jakso (period, phase, section, sequence, series, succession). (various references) | |
French | cycle (life cycle, time cycle), bicyclette. (various references) | |
Frisian | fyts (bicycle, bike). (various references) | |
German | Zyklus (circle, period), Kreisprozess (closed cycle, thermodynamic cycle), kreislauf (circuit, circuitry, circulation), fahrrad (bicycle, bike), rad (bicycle, bike, cartwheel, Castor, gearwheel, wheel), periode (interlude, menstruation, period, repetend, spell), kreis (circle, circuit, constituency, district, orbit, round, set, sphere, ward). (various references) | |
Greek | κύκλος (circle), ποδηλατώ (bicycle, bike, pedal a bicycle, ride). (various references) | |
Hawaiian | biçikletë (bicycle, bike). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מחזור (circuit, course, turn), תקופה (age, epoch, era, period, season, space, stage, streak, term, time), אופנים (bicycle, bike), גלגל (helm, hoop, orb, pulley, sphere, wheel). (various references) | |
Hungarian | ciklus (circle, period, turnover), mondakör, korszak (age, epoch, era, period, storm and stress, time), kor (age, epoch, era, estate, period, times we live in), körforgás (circle, circulation, gyration, revolution, rotary motion), körfolyamat (turnover), kör (circle, circuit, compass, coterie, cyclo, lap, range, ring, rondure, round, scope, social club, sphere), dalciklus, bringa (bike), bicikli (bicycle, bike, iron horse). (various references) | |
Icelandic | reiðhjól (bicycle, bike). (various references) | |
Indonesian | putaran (capstan, rotary, rotation, spin, twirl), mengayuh (paddle, row), daur (ratation). (various references) | |
Irish | rothar (bicycle, bike). (various references) | |
Italian | ciclo (circle, round), bicicletta (bicycle, bike, push-bike, two-wheeler), andare in bicicletta (wheel). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 循環 (circulation, rotation). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | くりかえし (cyclic, reiteration, repeat, repeated, repetition, repetition of kanji), しゅうは (amorous glance, denomination, frequency, sect, wave, wink), しゅうき (autumn, autumnair, bad smell, closing, death anniversary, ending, fall, period, religious regulations, stink), サイクル , じゅんかん (circulation, period of ten days, practical nurse, published every ten days, rotation). (various references) | |
Korean | 주기 (Cyclic). (various references) | |
Lombard | bici (bicycle, bike). (various references) | |
Manx | jannoo daa-wheeylaght, daawheeyl (bicycle, pushbike), chymshal (circuit). (various references) | |
Norwegian | sykkel (bicycle, bike). (various references) | |
Papiamen | baiskel (bicycle, bike), bais (bicycle, bike). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | yclecay.(various references) | |
Polish | rower (bicycle, bike). (various references) | |
Portuguese | ciclo (bicycle, bike, circle, period, revolution), bicicleta (bicycle, bike, push-bicycle). (various references) | |
Romanian | ciclu (circle, course, period, round, series), velociped, timp (age, beat, course, date, day, distance, epoch, era, hour, length, period, season, tense, term, time, weather, while), serie (batch, concatenation, course, number, order, run, series, set, string, succession, swath), se mişca în ciclu, reveni la intervale regulate (revolve), perioadã (age, date, day, distance, epoch, era, lapse, period, repetend, season, stadium, stage, streak, term, tide, time), motocicletã (machine, motorcycle), merge cu motocicletã, merge cu bicicletã (pedal, wheel), bicicletã (bicycle, bike, machine, push bicycle, racer, roadster, wheel). (various references) | |
Russian | цикл (circle, lead time, lead times, round), такт (address, tact, time), шаг цикла, кругооборот, круг (circle, compass, disc, disk, gyre, lunge, period, ring, rondure, tour), велосипед (bicycle, bike, bycicle, machine, pushbicycle), менструация (courses, menstruation, periods), ездить на велосипеде (ride a bycicle, ride the bycicle), повторяться цикл, полный круг. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | ciklus, voziti bicikl (pedal, ride a bicycle), napraviti ciklus, mena (change, phase, vicissitude). (various references) | |
Shona | -famba nebhasikoro (to cycle). (various references) | |
Spanish | ciclo (cycle/min, cycling, loop, regulator cut-out period, time cycle), bicicleta (bicycle, bike, machine, push-bike). (various references) | |
Sranan | baysigri (bicycle, bike). (various references) | |
Swahili | baisikeli (bicycle, bike). (various references) | |
Swedish | cykel (bicycle, bike, roadster). (various references) | |
Tagalog | bisikleta (bicycle, bike). (various references) | |
Turkish | zaman (bout, date, day, father time, hour, sands, season, tense, time, when, while, whilst), seri (battery, chain, crash, fast, fleet, high speed, quick, rapid, sequence, serial, seriate, series, set, sharp, speedy), pedal çevirmek (pedal, wheel), motosiklet (bike, moped, motor scooter, motorbike, motorcycle), dolaşım (circulation, currency), dizi (battery, chain, cluster, course, order, progression, queue, range, rank, rope, round, row, sequence, serial, series, set, string, tier, train), devreden geçirmek, devre (bout, chukker, circuit, half, period, session, term), devir yaptırmak (slew), devir (age, alienation, assignation, assignment, cession, circle, circulation, circumvolution, currency, disposal, epoch, era, Eyre, grant, gyration, period, release, Rev, revolution, rotation, rounder, spin, take over, transfer, transference, turnover), dönme (apostasy, circumvolution, conversion, convert, deflection, deflexion, facing, gyration, loop, proselyte, renegade, rotation, spin, swing, torsion, tumble, turn, turning, twist, veer, wheel, whirligig, winding), bisiklete binmek (bicycle, bike, pedal, ride a bicyele, ride on a bicyele), bisiklet (bicycle, bike, push bicycle, push-bike, roadster, Velocipede, wheel), bísíklet (bicycle, bike), aşama (degree, estate, gradation, grade, half-way house, instance, phase, pitch, process, rank, stage, strand, tier). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | рухатися по колу (circle, circulate), циклічність, цикл, круговий процес, велосипед (bicycle, push-bike, wheel), проходити цикл розвитку, повторюватися циклічно, період (age, date, day, hour, period, spell). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | tập bài hát cùng chủ đề xe đạp. (various references) | |
Welsh | olwyno (wheel), beisicl (bicycle, bike). (various references) | |
Zulu | ilibhayisikili (bicycle, bike), ibhayisikili (bicycle, bike). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Greek | 700 BCE-300 CE | kyklos, periodos. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | ambitu, ambitum, circuitu, circuitum, circuitus, circuli, circulis, circulo, circulos, circulum, circulus, conversio, conversione, conversionem. (various references) |
| Medieval Latin | 700-1500 | periodus. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "cycle": cyclecar, cyclecars, cycled, cycler, cycleries, cyclers, cyclery, cycles. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "cycle": bicycle, biocycle, epicycle, hemicycle, heterocycle, kilocycle, megacycle, motorcycle, pericycle, recycle, tricycle, unicycle. (additional references) | |
Words containing "cycle": bicycled, bicycler, bicyclers, bicycles, biocycles, epicycles, hemicycles, heterocycles, kilocycles, megacycles, motorcycled, motorcycles, pericycles, recycled, recycler, recyclers, recycles, tricycles, unicycles. (additional references) | |
| |
"Cycle" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: acylcoa, Byculla, cayle, cce, Cgce, cicil, cicle, Cicli, cile, cocle, cycal, cycel, cycil, cycl, Cyclax, cycler, cyclo, cyke, cykel, cykle, cyl, cyle, Cylla, cyrcle, Eccle, Hycal, icycle, scicle, sycle, Ycfc, ycl. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "cycle" (pronounced sī"kul) |
| 5 | s ī" k u l | recycle. |
| 3 | -k u l | acoustical, aeronautical, agrochemical, allegorical, alphabetical, analytical, anarchical, anatomical, ankle, anthropological, antithetical, apolitical, archaeological, archeological, article, astrological, astronautical, astronomical, asymmetrical, atypical, autobiographical, barnacle, biblical, bicycle, bifocal, biochemical, biographical, biological, biomedical, biotechnological, botanical, brickle, buckle, cackle, categorical, cervical, chemical, Chronicle, chronological, chuckle, circle, classical, clavicle, clerical, clinical, comical, commonsensical, conical, coracle, cortical, crackle, critical, cubicle, cuticle, cyclical, cylindrical, cynical, debacle, dermatological, diabolical, diacritical, dialectical, domical, ducal, ecclesiastical, ecological, economical, ecumenical, egotistical, electrical, electrochemical, electromechanical, elliptical, empirical, encircle, encyclical, epidemiological, epochal, equivocal, eschatological, ethical, ethnical, etymological, evangelical, fanatical, farcical, fecal, fickle, fiscal, focal, follicle, freckle, galenical, geographical, geological, geometrical, geophysical, geopolitical, gonococcal, grackle, grammatical, granduncle, graphical, gynecological, hackle, heckle, helical, heretical, heterocercal, hierarchical, historical, honeysuckle, Huckle, hypercritical, hypocritical, hypothetical, hysterical, icicle, identical, ideological, illogical, immunological, impractical, Sokol, sparkle, speckle, spectacle, spherical, sprinkle, statistical, stereotypical, stickle, strategical, suckle, surgical, symmetrical, tabernacle, tackle, tactical, technical, technological, teleological, tentacle, testicle, theatrical, theological, inimical, ironical, jackal, knuckle, lackadaisical, lexical, liturgical, local, logical, logistical, lyrical, magical, maniacal, mathematical, matriarchal, mechanical, medical, meikle, metallurgical, metaphorical, metaphysical, meteorological, methodical, methodological, metrical, Mickle, miracle, monocle, morphological, motorcycle, muckle, musical, mystical, mythical, mythological, nautical, neoclassical, neurological, nickel, Nickle, Nicol, nonelectrical, nonpolitical, nonsensical, nonsurgical, nontechnical, numerical, obstacle, ontological, optical, Oracle, oratorical, ornithological, paradoxical, particle, pathological, patriarchal, pedagogical, periodical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, pharmacological, philosophical, phonological, photochemical, physical, physiological, pickle, pinnacle, polemical, political, pontifical, popsicle, practical, preclinical, problematical, prototypical, psychical, psychological, pumpernickel, puritanical, quizzical, rabbinical, radical, radiological, ramshackle, rankle, rascal, receptacle, reciprocal, rhetorical, ruckle, runkle, sabbatical, satirical, semiclassical, semicylindrical, semitropical, serological, shackle, shekel, sickle, skeptical, sociological, theoretical, tickle, tinkle, topical, toxicological, trickle, tricycle, tropical, twinkle, typical, typographical, tyrannical, umbilical, uncle, uncritical, uneconomical, unequivocal, unethical, unicycle, unshackle, untypical, vehicle, vertical, viatical, virological, vocal, whimsical, Winkle, wrinkle, zoological. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "c-c-e-l-y" | |
-2 letters: cel, ley, lye. | |
-3 letters: el, ye. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-c-e-l-y" | |
+1 letter: cicely, cycled, cycler, cycles. | |
+2 letters: bicycle, calyces, calycle, cecally, cyclase, cyclers, cyclery, cyclize, cyclone, cylices, lucency, recycle. | |
+3 letters: acetylic, bicycled, bicycler, bicycles, biocycle, caecally, calycate, calyceal, calycine, calycles, celibacy, choicely, clemency, cresylic, curlycue, cyclamen, cyclases, cyclecar, cyclized, cyclizes, cyclones, cyclopes, cycloses, delicacy, encyclic, epicycle, glyceric, hecticly, recycled, recycler, recycles, scarcely, tricycle, unicycle. | |
+4 letters: bicyclers, biocycles, coccygeal, colonelcy, concisely, correctly, covalency, curlycues, cyclamate, cyclamens, cyclecars, cycleries, cyclopean, decalcify, dicyclies, encyclics, epicycles, epicyclic, exocyclic, hemicycle, kilocycle, megacycle, peccantly, pericycle, recyclers, recycling, tricycles, unicycles. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Familiar 10. Quotations: Fiction 11. Quotations: Non-fiction 12. Quotations: Spoken | 13. Quotations: Speeches 14. Usage Frequency 15. Names: Company Usage 16. Expressions | 17. Expressions: Internet 18. Translations: Modern 19. Translations: Ancient 20. Abbreviations | 21. Acronyms 22. Derivations 23. Rhymes 24. Anagrams | 25. Bibliography |
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