Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Cultivate |
CultivateVerb1. Foster the growth of. 2. Prepare for crops; "Work the soil"; "cultivate the land". 3. Train to be discriminative; as of taste or judgment; "Cultivate your musical taste"; "Train your tastebuds"; "She is well schooled in poetry". 4. Adapt (a wild plant or unclaimed land) to the environment; "domesticate oats"; "tame the soil". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "cultivate" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, and fiber by cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals. Agriculture is also known as farming.
Overview
Agriculture includes both subsistence agriculture, which is producing enough food to meet the needs of the farmer and family, but no more) and also (almost universally in the "developed" nations and increasingly so in other areas) the production of financial income from cultivation of the land or commercial raising of animals (animal husbandry). Agriculture is the practice -- the study of these disciplines is called agricultural science.
Increasingly, besides food for humans and animal feeds, agriculture produces goods such as cut flowers, ornamental and nursery plants, fertilizers, animal hides, leather, industrial chemicals (starch, ethanol, and plastics), fibers (cotton, wool, hemp, and flax), fuels (methane, biodiesel, biomass), and both legal and illegal drugs (biopharmaceuticals, marijuana, opium, cocaine). Genetically engineered plants and animals produce specialty drugs.
In the Western world, use of improved genetics, better management of soil nutrients, and improved weed control have greatly increased yields per acre. At the same time, use of mechanization has decreased labor requirements, releasing most of the populace from intense agricultural labor. The developing world is behind by Western measures of productivity, because of unavailability of the education, capital and technology base needed to sustain these advances, and usually ecoregion with less optimal climates and soils.
Animal husbandry means breeding and raising animals for meat or to harvest animal products (like milk, eggs, or wool) on a continual basis.
In recent years, some aspects of industrial intensive agriculture have been the subject of increasing discussion. The widening sphere of influence held by large seed and chemical companies and meat packers has been a source of concern both within the farming community and for the general public. The patent protection given to companies that develop new types of seed using genetic engineering has allowed seed to be licensed to farmers in much the same way that computer software is licensed to users. This has changed the balance of power in favor of the seed companies allowing them to dictate terms and conditions previously unheard of. Some argue these companies are guilty of biopiracy.
Soil conservation and nutrient management have been important concerns since the 1950s, with the best farmers taking a stewardship role with the land they operate.
Increasing consumer awareness of agricultural issues has led to the rise of community supported agriculture, local food movement, Slow food, and commercial organic farming, though these yet remain fledgling industries.
History
Determining the origin of agriculture is problematic since it pre-dates the invention of writing. Some authorities insist localized farming took place more than 10,000 years ago while others believe the earliest systematic plantings/harvestings took place no more than 7,000 years ago. The practice of agriculture is often used to distinguish the neolithic period from earlier parts of the stone age. The first crops that humans domesticated included wheat and barley. It is clear that farming was invented at least twice, probably more often: once in the Fertile Crescent (some say by the Natufian culture, others say by the Sumerians), once in East Asia, and probably once in Central America. Most likely, there was a gradual transition from a hunter-gatherer economy to an agricultural one, via a lengthy period when some crops were deliberately planted, and other foods were gathered from the wild. The reasons for the earliest introduction of farming may have included climate change. Farming allows a much greater density of population than can be supported by hunting and gathering.
Policy
Agricultural policy focuses on the goals and methods of agricultural production. At the policy level, common goals of agriculture include:
- Food safety: Ensuring that the food supply is free of contamination.
- Food security: Ensuring that the food supply meets the populations needs.
- Food quality: Ensuring that the food supply is of a consistent and known quality.
- Conservation
- Environmental impact
- Economic stability
Methods
- Hydroponic
- Tillage by plough
- Irrigation
- Fertilizers
- Crop rotation
- Weed removal
- Breeding
- Fencing
- Ranching
Crops
World production of major crops in 2002
In millions of metric tons, based on USDA estimates:
Note: There are two units of measure used for rice. Paddy rice is a measure of the tonnage of rice in its as-harvested state. Milled rice is a measure of the tonnage of rice after it is processed to remove the husk and, sometimes, polish the kernel.
- Maize 624
- Wheat 570
- Rice 381.1
- Cotton 96.5
Crop improvement
Domestication of plants is made in order to increase yield, disease resistance, drought tolerance, ease of harvest, and to improve the taste and nutritional value and many other characteristics. Centuries of careful selection and breeding have had enormous effects on the characteristics of crop plants. Plant breeders use greenhouses and other techniques to get as many as three generations of plants per year, so that they can make improvements all the more quickly.
For example, average yields of corn (maize) in the USA have increased from around 40 bushels per acre (2.5 t/ha) in 1900 to about 150 bushels per acre (9.4 t/ha) in 2001, primarily due to improvements in genetics. Similarly, worldwide average wheat yields have increased from less than 10 q/ha (=1 t/ha) in 1900 to more than 25 in 1990. South American average wheat yields are around 20 q/ha, African under 10 q/ha, Egypt and Arabia up to 35 to 40 q/ha with irrigation. In contrast, the average wheat yield in countries such as France is over 80 q/ha. Higher yields are due to improvements in genetics, as well as use of intensive farming techniques (use of fertilizers, chemical pest control, growth control to avoid lodging).
[Conversion note: 1 quintal (q) of wheat = 60 pounds (lb) ≈ 27.215 kg. 1 quintal of corn = 56 pounds ≈ 25.401 kg]
Very recently, genetic engineering has begun to be employed to speed up the selection and breeding process. The most widely used modification is a herbicide resistance gene that allows plants to tolerate exposure to glyphosate. A less frequently used but more controversial modification causes the plant to produce a toxin to reduce damage from insects (c.f. Starlink).
There are specialty producers who raise less common types of livestock or plants.
Aquaculture, the farming of fish, shrimp, and algae, is closely associated with agriculture.
Apiculture, the culture of bees, traditionally for honey, increasingly for crop pollination.
See also : List of domesticated plants, List of vegetables, List of herbs, List of fruit, List of domesticated animals
Environmental problems
- Nitrogen surplus in rivers and lakes.
- Detrimental effects of herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, and other biocides.
- Conversion of natural ecosystems of all types into arable land.
- Erosion
- Weeds - Feral Plants and Animals
See also
- USA agriculture
- Agricultural science
- International agricultural research
- Timeline of agriculture and food technology.
- Agricultural sciences basic topics
- List of subsistence techniques
- List of sustainable agriculture topics
- Arid-zone agriculture
- Community Supported Agriculture
External links
- U.S. Department of Agriculture's Foreign Agricultural Service : Current World Production, Market and Trade Reports
- Agriculture at the United States National Academies
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Agriculture."
Synonyms: CultivateSynonyms: civilise (v), civilize (v), crop (v), domesticate (v), educate (v), naturalise (v), naturalize (v), school (v), tame (v), train (v), work (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Agriculture | Verb: cultivate; till the soil; farm, garden; sow, plant; reap, mow, cut; manure, dress the ground, dig, delve, dibble, hoe, plough, plow, harrow, rake, weed, lop and top; backset. |
Aid | Cradle, nourish; nurture, nurse, dry nurse, suckle, put out to nurse; manure, cultivate, force; foster, cherish, foment; feed the flame, fan the flame. |
Improvement | Promote, cultivate, advance, forward, enhance; bring forward, bring on; foster; invigorate; (strengthen). |
Physical Sensibility | Render sensible. Adjective: sharpen, cultivate, tutor. |
Preparation | Verb: prepare; get ready, make ready; make preparations, settle preliminaries, get up, sound the note of preparation. set in order, put in order; (arrange); forecast; (plan) prepare the ground, plow the ground, dress the ground; till the soil, cultivate the soil; predispose, sow the seed, lay a train, dig a mine; lay the groundwork, fix the groundwork, lay the basis, fix the basis, lay the foundations, fix the foundations; dig the foundations, erect the scaffolding; lay the first stone; (begin). |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Clever | Cultivate money and you grow rich. Cultivate mind and you raise culture. (references; author: unknown) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | I must cultivate Mussolini's method. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Abandoned citrus orchard now being used for the grazing of cows. There are several such orchards in the valley due to lack of capital to cultivate and irrigate. There is also much absentee ownership in the valley. Near Santa Maria, Texas. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | The cotton sharecropper's unit is one mule and the land he can cultivate with a one-horse plow. Greene County, Georgia. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Main street in Springerville, Arizona. Springerville is the center of good ranching area where flood irrigation is used to cultivate hay crops. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |
| "Bromelia Aechmea Morgana 2" by Tjeerd Doosje Commentary: "Somewhere in the polder where I live, there's a greenhouse where they cultivate orchids. Last Wednesday I visited that greenhouse and took some photo's. Thanks for having a look!." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Author | Quotation |
Alexander Maclaren | Seek to cultivate a buoyant, joyous sense of the crowded kindnesses of God in your daily life. |
Author Unknown | All people have a moral obligation to act intelligently to cultivate a higher devotion to truth. |
Bob Dole | Those who cultivate moral confusion for profit should understand this: we will name their names and shame them as they deserve to be shamed. |
Bovee | To cultivate the sense of the beautiful, is one of the most effectual ways of cultivating an apreciation of the divine goodness. |
Elbert Hubbard | Cultivate only the habits that you are willing should master you. |
Howard | By cultivating the beautiful we scatter the seeds of heavenly flowers, as by doing good we cultivate those that belong to humanity. |
Samuel Johnson | To cultivate kindness is a valuable part of the business of life. |
Virgil | Command large fields, but cultivate small ones. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | The earth is a generous mother; she will provide in plentiful abundance food for all her children if they will but cultivate her soil in justice and in peace. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | As his growing fortune gave him more leisure, it seemed that he profited by it to cultivate his mind |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | I took all possible methods to cultivate this favorable disposition |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | Cultivate poverty like a garden herb, like sage |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | A blood or spinal fluid test (to cultivate the bacteria) will show if you have listeriosis. (references) | |
Business | Foreign firms should cultivate relations with Chinese buyers. (references) | |
In addition, it is also possible to use currently fallow fields to cultivate fast-growing energy source crops. (references) | ||
Exporters are urged to cultivate long-term, and comprehensive business ties with Indian customers or deal through well-known partners that can effectively represent foreign companies' interests. (references) | ||
Discrimination | Bhutan | Ongoing government efforts to cultivate a national identity rooted in the language, religion, and culture of the Ngalong ethnic group restrict cultural expression by other ethnic groups. (references) |
Economic History | Afghanistan | Opium is easy to cultivate and transport and offers a quick source of income for impoverished Afghans. (references) |
Grenada | Like much of the rest of the West Indies it was originally settled to cultivate sugar which was grown on estates using slave labor. (references) | |
Travel | Japan | Recognizing that it takes a longer time to cultivate business relationships in Japan than in the United States, American business executives should not expect to make a deal in just a few days or they will depart in frustration, having made no progress. (references) |
Women | Brazil | These centers, which are housed in regional bureaus of the Ministry, promote programs to end discrimination in the workplace and cultivate partnerships with other organizations that combat discrimination. (references) |
Cuba | The FMC also asserted that 11,200 women had received land parcels to cultivate, that more than 561,000 women had begun working as agricultural workers, and that women devoted 34 hours a week to domestic work, approximately the same number of hours they spend working outside the home. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Tajikistan | Traffickers include individuals who rose to positions of power and wealth as field commanders during the Tajik civil war, the so-called "warlords." Others are extremely powerful local figures who use their wealth to cultivate patron-client relationships throughout their community; this creates a network that communicates supply and demand for trafficking victims. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | Cultivate peace and harmony with all. |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | In the transaction of your foreign affairs we have endeavored to cultivate the friendship of all nations, and especially of those with which we have the most important relations. |
James Monroe | 1817-1825 | With the Indian tribes it is our duty to cultivate friendly relations and to act with kindness and liberality in all our transactions. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | Divine Providence has favored us with general health, with rich rewards in the fields of agriculture and in every branch of labor, and with peace to cultivate and extend the various resources which employ the virtue and enterprise of our citizens. |
James Buchanan | 1857-1861 | We ought to cultivate peace, commerce, and friendship with all nations, and this not merely as the best means of promoting our own material interests, but in a spirit of Christian benevolence toward our fellow-men, wherever their lot may be cast. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Cultivate" is generally used as a lexical verb (infinitive) -- approximately 74.83% of the time. "Cultivate" is used about 290 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 74.83% | 217 | 20,530 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 25.17% | 73 | 39,105 |
| Total | 100.00% | 290 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expression using "cultivate": to cultivate. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
agriculture cultivate | 97 |
cultivate importer | 28 |
buyer cultivate wholesale | 13 |
company cultivate list | 11 |
cream cultivate | 10 |
cultivate | 10 |
cultivate int.org | 5 |
cultivate seller | 3 |
can come company cultivate environment forward in likely many more that there victim ways which | 2 |
cultivate mushroom | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "cultivate"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | kweek (grow), aankweek (grow), beskawe (civilize, grow), beskaaf (civilize, grow). (various references) | |
Albanian | prashit (hoe), prashis (hoe), përsos (fine, perfect), përmirësoj (ameliorate, amend, better, elevate, enrich, grade, improve, meliorate, mend, polish, reclaim, refine, reform, strengthen, upgrade), lëvroj (circulate, hum), lëvrij (circulate, hum), lëroj (break ground, ear, earth up, plough, plow, till), kultivoj (farm, grow, rear), forcoj (back, bake, brace and bit, cement, consolidate, harden, increase the strength, invigorate, potentiate, redouble, reinforce, strengthen, stretch, tighten, toughen), çoj përpara (move on). (various references) | |
Arabic | فلح (farm, succeed, till), هذب (chasten, civilize, edify, educate, elevate, file, geld, lop, perfect, polish, prune, refine, retouch, revise, shear off, sublimate, touch, touch up, trim), حرث (dig, farm, furrow, plough, ploughing, plow, stave, till), سعى ل, زرع (crop, grow, implant, lay, plant, plantation, planting, put in, rear, seed, sow, sowing, vegetate), صقل (buff, buffer, burn, burnish, enamel, furbish, gloss, glossiness, grind, lacquer, perfect, planish, plume, polish, refine, rumble, scour, shine, sleek, smooth, stone), رعى (cherish, foster, grass, groom, heed, inculcate, nurse, nurture, pasture, patronize, see to, shepherd, sponsor, take care of, tend), شجع (animate, cheer, comfort, countenance, embolden, encourage, feed, fortify, foster, hearten, inspirit, instigation, invite, nerve, promote, root, spur, support). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | сприятелявам се с (cotton up to, make friends with, pal up with), развивам (develop, do, educate, evolve, make, pay out, push, uncoil, unfold, unfurl, ungird, unreel, unroll, unswathe, unwind, unwrap, wind off, work up), култивирам (domesticate), отглеждам (breed, bring up, cradle, fledge, flower, grow, incubate, nourish, nurse, raise, rear, tend), обработвам (arrange, belabor, belabour, cure, curry, farm, husband, labor, labour, plough, process, retrieve, till, tool, work, work up), поощрявам (abet, bring on, encourage, lead on, pander, promote, push, stimulate). (various references) | |
Chinese | 耕种 (Cultivated, Cultivating, Cultivation, tillage, tilled, tilling), 養殖 (cultivation), 養成 (acquire, form), 脩 (repair, teacher's pay), 畋 (to hunt). (various references) | |
Czech | tříbit si, pìstovat (breed, grow, prosecute, pursue, rear, till, train), oddìlávat, obhospodařovat, obdìlávat (farm), kultivovat (reclaim, refine). (various references) | |
Danish | ophøre med vindyrkning (to cease to cultivate vines), opdyrke (to cultivate), dyrke (adore, worship), at kultivere jorden (to cultivate), at forudbehandle jorden (to cultivate). (various references) | |
Dutch | kweken (breed, bring up, educate, grow, raise), bewerken (accommodate, adapt, adjust, attune, fit, fix, mount, place, tune), bebouwen (grow). (various references) | |
Esperanto | kulturi (grow), kultivi. (various references) | |
Farsi | کشت کردن , ترویج کردن (Promote, Promulgate). (various references) | |
Finnish | viljellä (culture, grow, raise, till). (various references) | |
French | cultiver (to cultivate). (various references) | |
German | kultivieren (reclaim, refine, to cultivate), ausbilden (develop, discipline, drill, educate, form, instruct, perfect, qualify, shape, to cultivate, to educate, train), anbauen (add, build in, build on, extend, grow, plant, sow, to cultivate). (various references) | |
Greek | καλλιεργώ (crop, grow, nourish, nurture, till). (various references) | |
Hebrew | לפתח (develop, loosen, untie, work up), לעדור (dig, hoe, pick), לטפח (breed, cherish, inculcate, nurse, nurture). (various references) | |
Hungarian | mûvel, finomít (refine, to fine, to fine down, to raffinate, to refine, to soften). (various references) | |
Indonesian | mengusahakan (exert, go about), menanami, memupuk (fertilize, foster, manure), membiakkan (breed). (various references) | |
Italian | coltivare (cherish, farm, grow, nurse, raise, rear, soigne, tend, till, treat). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 耕す (to cultivate, to plow, to till), 修める (to complete a course, to cultivate, to master, to study). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | たがやす (to cultivate, to plow, to till), おさめる (to accept, to complete, to cultivate, to govern, to manage, to master, to obtain, to order, to pay, to reap, to repair, to study, to subdue, to supply), つくる (to build, to coin, to commit, to compose, to construct, to create, to cultivate, to draw up, to establish, to fabricate, to make, to make up, to manufacture, to organize, to prepare, to trim, to write), つちかう (to cultivate, to foster), せっさたくま (cultivate one's character by studying hard, diligent application), りかいをふかめる (to cultivate a better understanding), やしなう (to cultivate, to maintain, to rear), よいしゅうかんをつくる (to cultivate a good habit), はたけをつくる (to cultivate a field, to farm), はやす (to cultivate, to grow, to jeer at, to play accompaniment, to wear beard), ちをみがく (to cultivate wisdom). (various references) | |
Korean | 경작하십시요. (various references) | |
Manx | troarey (crop), obbraghey (act, action, behaviour, behaviour of machines, crew, elaboration, employment, exercise, forge, function, handle, handling, influence, labour, motion, operate, operation, performance, ply, process, start, wangle; persuance, work, work up, wreak), lhiasaghey (amendment, appendix, appendix book, atone, atonement, compensate, compensation, correct, correct as text, correction, cultivation, culture, cure, curing, develop, developing, dress, dressing, dung, dunging, enrich, expiate, expiation, fertilize, fertilizer, furtherance, husband, husband as land, improvement, imputation, manure, manuring, propitiate, propitiation, reclaim, reclamation, recompense, repair, replenish, replenishment, restitution, revise, revision, rub up, season). (various references) | |
Maori | ngaki-a (to cultivate). (various references) | |
Norwegian | kultivere, dyrke (grow). (various references) | |
Papiamen | kultivá. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ultivatecay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | cultivar (breed, farm, grow, husband, improve, keep, plant, polish, raise, rear, reclaim). (various references) | |
Romanian | cultiva (crop, culture, grow, plant, produce, propagate, raise, rear, till), creşte (accrue, advance, augment, be up, breed, bring, bring up, crop, develop, draw out, educate, go up, grow, grow rife, heighten, increase, intensify, keep, make, Mount, multiply, nurse, nurture, produce, propagate, raise, rear, rise, school, spring, spurt, straggle, train, wax), prãsi (breed, rear, reproduce), lucra (bungle, do, farm, function, labor, labour, operate, run, till, toil, work), instrui (coach, drill, exercise, instruct, school, teach, train), forma (arise, compose, constitute, educate, fashion, form, frame, garrison, knead, Mold, mould, organize, shape, train), exploata (exploit, get, hack, horse, milk, mine, operate, overwork, quarry, screw, sweat, win, work), educa (breed, bring up, educate, enlighten, form, nurture, raise, school), dezvolta (advance, amplify, develop, enhance, evolve, expand, form, grow, Mold, mould, promote, propagate, work up), ascuţi (edge, give an edge to, grind, hone, intensify, point, put an edge on, refine, set an edge to, sharpen, strop, taper, whet, worsen), adãposti (accommodate, billet, cherish, defilade, embower, guard, Harbor, harbour, have, hide, hold, house, Lodge, nestle, room, safeguard, screen, secure, shelter, shield, store). (various references) | |
Russian | культивировать. (various references) | |
Scottish | leasaich (correct, improve, manure, rectify), àr (battle, cultivating, plough, till, tilling). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | obrađivati (process, till), kultivisati, gajiti (cherish, foster, harbor, harbour, keep up, raise). (various references) | |
Spanish | cultivar (dig, farm, grow, keep in, plant, ranch, till, work). (various references) | |
Sranan | kweki (grow). (various references) | |
Swedish | upparbeta (develop, reprocess, work up), odla (culture, develop, farm, grow, incubate), kultivera (to cultivate), bruka (be in the habit of, employ, exert, farm, make use of, till, turn to account, use, would). (various references) | |
Turkish | yetiştirmek (breed, bring up, coach, cradle, discipline, educate, farm, groom, grow, nurture, produce, raise, rear, rush, school, train, turn out), kendini adamak (be wedded to, be wedded to smth., devote oneself, give over, put one's heart to, settle down to, submit), kazanmaya çalışmak (fish for, make a bid for, seek, try to earn, try to win), ilerletmek (advance, carry forward, drive on, forward, further, improve, prosecute, push forward, set forward, take forward), işlemek (brake, brand, commit, discourse, engrave, farm, ferry, forge, function, go, grave, hammer, handle, indwell, instil, instill, operate, penetrate, perform, perpetrate, print, process, run, sink, sink into, stamp, strike, tame, till, travel, treat, work), geliştirmek (advance, ameliorate, better, boom, build up, develop, enlarge, evolve, improve, launch out, open up, reclaim, soup up, work up), gayret etmek (endeavor, endeavour, go for, hump, hump oneself, jockey for, make an effort, rustle, strain, strain after, strain at, strive, study, take care, try), ekip biçmek (farm). (various references) | |
Turkmen | цsdьrmek (grow). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | розвивати (amplify, elaborate, evolve, explicate, nurse), культивувати (rear), орати (furrow, plough, plow, till), поліпшувати (ameliorate, amend, batten, better, enrich, improve, meliorate, mend). (various references) | |
Welsh | gwrteithio (culture, manure), diwyllio, arail (attending, care for, foster, guard), amaethu (farm, till). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | ara, arabant, arabas, arabes, arabimini, arabis, arabit, arabitur, arabum, arandum, arans, arantem, arantes, arantibus, ararat, arare, arari, aras, arassetis, arastis, arat, arata, arem, ares, aroditarum, cavo, colam, colamus, colant, colas, colatis, colebant, colebantur, colebat, colendi, colendum, colens, colent, colentibus, colentis, colentium, colere, colerent, coles, colet, colimus, colit, colitis, colitur, colius, colo, colo colui cultum, colo, colui, cultum, color, colueris, coluerisque, colueritis, coluerunt, colui, coluistis, coluit, colunt, culti, cultu, cultum, cultura, culturae, culturam, cultus, eser, excolo, exculta, exerce, exerceant, exercebant, exercebantur, exercebatur, exercebor, exercebuntur, exercens, exercent, exercentes, exercentibus, exerceo, exercere, exercerent, exercete, exercetis, exercitu, exercitum, exercitus, exercuerant, exercuerat, exercuere, exercuerunt, exercuit, iesser, sata, sati, satis, satos, ser, seram, seras, serat, seratur, serent, serenti, serere, seres, sereser, seret, seretis, seretisque, seri, seris, serit, serite, seritur, sero, serunt, sevisset, sevisti, sisara. (various references) |
| Late Latin | 300-700 | cultivus. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "cultivate": cultivated, cultivates. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "cultivate": cocultivate, recultivate. (additional references) | |
Words containing "cultivate": cocultivated, cocultivates, noncultivated, recultivated, recultivates, uncultivated. (additional references) | |
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"Cultivate" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: celivate, cultivare, cultivi, cutivate. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "cultivate" (pronounced ku"ltuvā't) |
| 5 | -t u v ā' t | activate, motivate, reactivate. |
| 4 | -u v ā' t | aggravate, elevate, excavate, innovate, renovate, salivate. |
| 3 | -v ā' t | captivate, inactivate, deactivate. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-e-i-l-t-t-u-v" | |
-2 letters: cavetti, cuittle, lattice, tactile, victual. | |
-3 letters: active, aculei, atelic, cattie, cattle, cutlet, cuttle, eluvia, luetic, tectal, vittae, vittle. | |
-4 letters: acute, alive, atilt, attic, aulic, calve, cavie, cavil, civet, clave, clavi, cleat, culet, culti, cutie, eclat, evict, ileac, latte, lutea, tacet, tacit, tecta, telia, telic, tical, title, utile, uveal, valet, value, vatic, vault, vitae. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-e-i-l-t-t-u-v" | |
+1 letter: cultivated, cultivates. | |
+2 letters: cocultivate, facultative, recultivate. | |
+3 letters: articulative, cocultivated, cocultivates, consultative, cultivatable, recultivated, recultivates, uncultivated. | |
+4 letters: acculturative, facultatively, gesticulative, noncultivated, recultivating. | |
+5 letters: multiplicative, overarticulate, unattractively. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Familiar 10. Quotations: Historic 11. Quotations: Fiction 12. Quotations: Non-fiction | 13. Quotations: Speeches 14. Usage Frequency 15. Expressions 16. Expressions: Internet | 17. Translations: Modern 18. Translations: Ancient 19. Derivations 20. Rhymes | 21. Anagrams 22. Bibliography |
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