Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: CD-ROM |
CD-ROMNoun1. A compact disk that is used with a computer (rather than with an audio system); a large amount of digital information can be stored and accessed but it cannot be altered by the user. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | CD-ROM Compact Disc Read-Only Memory. Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing. |
Census | (Compact Disk - Read Only Memory) An optical disk that is created by a mastering process and used for reading information and data only. (references) |
Geological | CD-ROM is a computer peripheral that employs compact disc technology to store large amounts of data for later retrieval. The capacity of a CD-ROM disk is over 600 megabytes, the equivalent of over 250,000 typewritten pages. (Compact Disc-Read Only Memory). (references) |
Health | An optical disk storage system for computers on which data can be read or from which data can be retrieved but not entered or modified. A CD-ROM unit is almost identical to the compact disk playback device for home use. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
CD-ROM is an abbreviation for "Compact Disc Read-Only Memory" and a non-volatile optical data storage medium using the same physical format as audio compact discs, readable by a computer with a CD-ROM drive. CD-ROMs are flat, plastic disc with digital information encoded on it in a spiral from the center to the limit, the outside edge.
CD-ROMCDs can either be burned or pressed. Small amounts are burned, larger amounts pressed. The break-even point seems to be somewhere between 100 and 500 copies [1], [1].
Digital information is encoded at near-microscopic size, allowing a large amount of information to be stored. CDs record data as tiny pits (or non-pits) pressed into the lower surface of the plastic disk; a semiconductor laser beam in the player reads these. Most CDs can not be written with a laser, but CD-R discs have colored dyes that can be "burned" (written to) once, and CD-RW (rewritable) discs contain phase-change material that can be written and overwritten several times. Most CD-ROM drives can read CD-R discs; modern drives carrying the MultiRead mark can read CD-RW discs.
The standard CD-ROM can hold approximately 650 megabytes of data, although new technology now allows larger capacities. CD-ROM is popular for distribution of large databases, software and especially multimedia applications. The most common data format on CD holds 650 megabytes of data - about 12 billion bytes per pound weight.
CD-ROMs are read using CD-ROM drives, a now-common computer peripheral, and, in the case of burning, are burned with CD-Recorders, commonly referred to as CD Burners. CD-ROM drives are rated with a speed factor relative to music CDs (1x or 1-speed which gives a data transfer rate of 150 kilobytes per second in the most common data format). Above 12x speed, there are problems with vibration and heat. Constant angular velocity (CAV) drives give speeds up to 20x but due to the nature of CAV the actual throughput increase over 12x is less than 20/12. 20x was thought to be the maximum speed due to mechanical constraints until February 1998, when Samsung Electronics introduced the SCR-3230, a 32x CD-ROM drive which uses a ball bearing system to balance the spinning disc in the drive to reduce noise.
CD-ROM drives may connect to an IDE (ATA) interface, a SCSI interface or a proprietary interface, such as the Panasonic CD interface. Most CD-ROM drives can also play audio CDs. However, there is a move by the recording industry to make audio CDs unplayable on computer CD-ROM drives, to prevent copying the music. This is done by intentionally introducing errors onto the disc that audio players can automatically compensate for. Consumer rights advocates are as of October 2001 pushing to require warning labels on compact discs that do not conform to the official Compact Disc Digital Audio standard (often called the Red Book) to inform consumers of which discs do not permit full fair use of their content.
Manufacturers of CD writers (CD-R or CD-RW) are "encouraged" by the music industry to ensure that every drive they produce has a unique identifier, which will be encoded by the drive on every disc that it records: the RID or Recorder Identification Code. This is a counterpart to the SID - the Source Identification Code, an eight character code beginning with "IFPI" that is usually stamped on discs produced by CD recording plants.
There are several formats used for CD-ROM data, including Green Book CD-ROM, White Book CD-ROM and Yellow Book CD-ROM. ISO 9660 defines a standard file system. UDF format is used on user writable CD-R and CD-RW disks that are intended to be extended or overwritten.
Informative CD-ROMs may contain links to webpages with additional information. To keep them up to date these are sometimes indirect: they link to webpages maintained by the producer of the CD-ROM which contain the links to external webpages.
see also Compact disc, computer hardware, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-ROM, Enhanced CD, ISO 9660.
Portions of this article are based on a FOLDOC entry
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "CD-ROM."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
CD-ROM | English | Read-only memory on compact disc | Computing |
| CD-ROM XA | English | Compact Disc Read Only Memory Extended Architecture | Computing |
| CDR | English | CD-Rom workbench | N/A |
| Cd-Rom-Xa | Italian | Compact Disc Extended Architecture E'uno standard ibrido fra Cd-Rom e Cd-I messo a punto da Microsoft e da Sony e il Cd-Xa(Compact Disc Extended Ar-chitecture).Sono stati di recente lanciati sul mercato lettori portatili basati su questo formato. | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonym: CD-ROMSynonym: compact disc read-only memory (n). (additional references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Clever | You are an engineer if you want an 8X CD-ROM for Christmas. (references; author: unknown) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Global mosaic of Mars. Cerberus region. Reproduced from Volume 14 of theMars Digital Image Model (MDIM) CD-ROM set. Credit: NASA. |  | Digital Image Model (DIM) of Mars. Reproduced from Volume 7 of theMars Digital Image Model (MDIM) CD-ROM set. Credit: NASA. |
 | Martian southern polar region mosaic. Reproduced from Volume 14 of theMars Digital Image Model (MDIM) CD-ROM set. Credit: NASA. |  | The largest known volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons. Reproduced from Volume 14 of theMars Digital Image Model (MDIM) CD-ROM set. Credit: NASA. |
 | Viking 2 image of the region around the "Inca City". On a laterorbit (421), Viking 2 again imaged the region. This time, the Inca City isclearly visible. This image was taken through the red filter. It has beenenhanced to bring out the details (noise reduced and contrast enhanced). Theresolution of this image is 0.146 km/pixel and is centered at -81.82 degreeslatitude and 59.59 degrees longitude. Reproduced from volume 59 of theMission to Mars: Viking Orbiter Images of Mars CD-ROM set. Credit: NASA. |  | Mars' largest satellite, Phobos. Reproduced from Volume 14 of theMission to Mars: Viking Orbiter Images of Mars CD-ROM set. Credit: NASA. |
 | Mars' smallest satellite, Deimos. Reproduced from Volume 59 of theMission to Mars: Viking Orbiter Images of Mars CD-ROM set. Credit: NASA. |  | Evaluation Forum Medline on CD-ROM / National Library of Medicine. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Cd-rom closeup" by Lauri Saarni Commentary: "Cd-rom closeup." | "The G3 CD-Rom" by Carlos Gustavo Curado Commentary: "A beige G3 with the CD-Rom open." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Physicians Desk Reference The Physicians Desk Reference database (also available in CD-Rom and book format) is a full-text drug database. (references) | |
Business | Some brand names offer software samples for free when buying a PC, a CD-ROM or a printer. (references) | |
Despite the arrival of CD-RW drives, however, the market for CD-ROM drives still remains sound. (references) | ||
The 6-volume (or CD-ROM version) of KBE contains the essential facts about Britain’s 50,000 leading businesses. (references) | ||
Economic History | Botswana | It is available on the Internet (www.stat-usa.gov) and on CD-ROM. (references) |
Uk | Video-based training materials have grown in popularity, as have CD-ROM packages. (references) | |
Spain | While 94 percent of this equipment has printers and 78 percent includes CD-ROM readers, only 49 percent have modems associated to the equipment. (references) | |
Political Economy | TAIWAN | In addition to the "K-plan," the authorities also requested that optical media products (CD, CD-ROM, VCD, and DVD) bear source identification (SID) codes and MASK-ROMs bear special markings for tracking production. (references) |
Trade | Mauritius | An informatics park was established several years ago and a number of firms are currently engaged in typesetting and other pre-press operations, data processing, CD-ROM publishing, image processing and related activities. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "CD-ROM" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 77.46% of the time. "CD-ROM" is used about 315 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 77.46% | 244 | 19,120 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 17.14% | 54 | 46,184 |
| Noun (proper) | 5.4% | 17 | 85,106 |
| Total | 100.00% | 315 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "CD-ROM": Cd-rom-based, Cd-rom-delivered, Cd-rom-xa. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "CD-ROM"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Faeroese | teldufløga. (various references) | |
French | CD-ROM (cd rom), cédérom, DOC (CDROM), disque optique compact (CDROM). (various references) | |
Inuktitut | qaritaujait nipiksangit. (various references) | |
Italian | compact informatici a sola lettura ottica, CD-ROM. (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | シーソー遊び (CD, ceiling, ceiling lamp, centralized traffic control, coelacanth, compact disk, computerized typesetting system, consumer price index, consumer price survey, CPI, CPS, CTC, CTS, fielding practice, maximum amount to allot for a budget, Sea Beam, sea berth, Sea Chicken, sea utopia, seafood, seahorse, Sealab, seamless, seat, seat belt, seat cover, seat warmer, seed, seesaw, series, sheet, sheet feeder, sheet pile, skiers' greeting meaning "Good skiing!"). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | シーディーロム . (various references) | |
Spanish | unidad de CD-ROM (cd rom, CD-ROM reader), lector de CD-ROM (CD-ROM reader). (various references) | |
Thai | ซีดี-รอม. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "c-d-m-o-r" | |
-1 letter: cord, corm, dorm. | |
-2 letters: cod, cor, doc, dom, dor, moc, mod, mor, orc, roc, rod, rom. | |
-3 letters: do, mo, od, om, or. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-d-m-o-r" | |
+2 letters: caromed, chromed, comrade, cormoid, czardom, decorum, dormice, mudrock. | |
+3 letters: bromidic, cardamom, cardamon, carromed, chromide, clamored, clerkdom, coadmire, compadre, compared, compered, comrades, coredeem, corundum, corymbed, czardoms, decorums, democrat, dioramic, dormancy, drammock, ectoderm, mediocre, microdot, mordancy, morticed, mudrocks, racemoid, recombed, romanced. | |
+4 letters: camcorder, cardamoms, cardamons, chromatid, chromides, chromized, cladogram, clamoured, clerkdoms, coadmired, coadmires, cofferdam, comforted, commander, commender, commerced, commodore, communard, compadres, comparted, compeered, comported, comprador, comprised, comprized, comradely, comradery, condemner, condemnor, confirmed, conformed, conundrum, cordiform, coredeems, corundums, crimsoned, democracy, democrats, dichroism, dichromat, dicrotism, dicumarol, dimorphic, disciform, docudrama, doronicum, drammocks, dulcimore, ectoderms, indecorum, microcode, microdots, midcourse, misrecord, monochord, monorchid, motorcade, myocardia, princedom, recommend, scombroid. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Usage Frequency 11. Expressions 12. Translations: Modern | 13. Abbreviations 14. Acronyms 15. Anagrams 16. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
