Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: BUDDING |
BUDDINGNoun1. The act or process of ingrafting one kind of plant upon another stock by inserting a bud under the bark. 2. A process of asexual reproduction, in which a new organism or cell is formed by a protrusion of a portion of the animal or vegetable organism, the bud thus formed sometimes remaining attached to the parent stalk or cell, at other times becoming free; gemmation. See Hydroidea. 3. The act or process of producing buds. Personal pronoun & verb & noun1. Of Bud |
Date "BUDDING" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Biology & Biotechnology | Emergence of shoots from the buds. Source: European Union. (references) |
Food & Agriculture | Grafting by inserting a bud, also termed an "eye", having a small amount of tissue at its base, into a slit in the bark or epidermis of a rootstock, so that, after union, the portion of the rootstock above the bud may be removed, leaving a shoot to develop entirely from the bud. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
General Biological Meaning
Budding is a type of asexual reproduction. An new organism is formed by the protrusion of part of another organism. When yeast buds, one cell becomes two cells. This is an example of reproduction. This is very common in plants, but may be found in animal organisms (such as the hydra) as well. Usually, the protrusion stays attached to the primary organism for a while, before becoming free. The new organism is naturally genetically identical to the primary one (a clone).
In Embryology
The term budding is also applied to the process of embryonic differentiation in which new structures are formed by outgrowth from preexisting parts.
In Horticulture
Budding is also a process that consist of ingrafting the bud of a plant into another plant. This is a frequent technique for fruit trees (see fruit tree propagation), but can also be used for many other kinds of nursery stock. An extremely sharp knife is necessary; specialty budding knives are on the market. The rootstock or stock plant may be cut off above the bud at budding, or one may wait until it is certain that the bud is growning.
Fruit tree budding is done when the bark "slips," ie. the cambium is moist and actively growing, which is usually August in the US. Rootstocks are young trees, either seedlings as Mazzard cherries for many cherry varieties, or clonal rootstocks (usually propagated by layering) when one wants highly consistant plants with well defined characteristics. The popular Malling-Merton series of rootstocks for apples was developed in England, and are used today for the majority of the commercial apple orchard trees.
T-budding is the most common style, whereby a T-shaped slit is made in the stock plant, and the knife flexed from side to side in the lower slit to loosen up the bark. Scion wood is selected from the chosen variety, as young, actively growning shoots. Usually buds at the tip, or at the older parts of the shoot are discarded, and only 2-4 buds are taken for use. The buds are in the leaf axils. They may be so tiny as to be almost unnoticeable.
Holding the petiole of the leaf as a handle, an oval of the main stem is sliced off, including the petiole and the bud. This is immediately slid into the T on the rootstock, before it can dry out. The joined bud and rootstock are held by a winding of rubber band, which will hold it until sealed, yet the band will deteriorate in the sunlight so that soon breaks and does not pinch new growth, girdling the shoot.
The percentage of "take" of the buds depends on the natural compatibility of the stock and scion, the sharpness of the knife, and the skill of the budder. Even the experts will have some buds to die.
External Link
T or Shield BuddingSource: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Budding."
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Expansion | Germination, growth, upgrowth; accretion; budding, gemmation. |
Youth | Adjective: young, youthful, juvenile, green, callow, budding, sappy, puisne, beardless, under age, in one's teens; in statu pupillari; younger, junior; hebetic, unfledged. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Movie/TV Titles | Budding Youth (1924) The Budding of Brie (1980) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | A. Peripheral blood leukocyte from an AIDS patient producing HIV. There are several particles budding from the periphery of the cell. Other virus particles cluster outside the cell membrane. (x30) b. Enlargement of far right center area of top photo showing mature HIV particles. (x90) c. HIV particle budding from cell membrane. (x200) d. Mature hiv particle with characteristic core. (x200). See artwork: GR-07. Credit: Matt Gonda (photographer). |  | The earliest visible stage of HIV replication occurs when viral proteins accumulate under the cell membrane in a process called budding (a). In the next stage a crescent shaped early bud has constricted, forming a membrane-encapsulated sphere, with the dense center called a viral nucleoid (b). As the constricting process continues, the virus pinches off and becomes free extracellular infectious virus (c). At this stage, the dark circular mucleoid condenses into a bar; this morphologic feature is used to discriminate HIV-I from HTLV-II and HTLV-III. See artwork: GR-31. Credit: Dr. Matthew Gonda (photographer). |
 | Illustration of asexual reproduction in ascomycetes: budding yeast (blastoconidia). Credit: CDC. |  | Oval budding yeast cells of Candida albicans. Fluorescent antibody stain. Credit: CDC. |
 | HIV-1 budding from cultured lymphocyte. Transmission electron micrograph. Credit: CDC. |  | Multiple round bumps on cell surface represent sites of assembly and budding of virions. Credit: CDC. |
 | Transmission electron micrograph of HIV-1, budding and free. Credit: CDC. |  | Smear from foot lesion of blastomycosis showing Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast cell undergoing broad-base budding. Credit: CDC. |
 | Histopathology of blastomycosis of skin. Budding cell of Blastomyces dermatitidis surrounded by neutrophils. Multiple nuclei are visible. Credit: CDC. |  | Budding photographers, FSA (Farm Security Administration) Camelback Farms, Phoenix, Arizona. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
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| "Frangipani Budding" by Dennis Bale Commentary: "Franginpani buds in the early morning." | "Budding flower" by Terry Eaton Commentary: "Photo of a yellow flower taken in Nantahala National Forest, North Carolina, U.S.A." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Shakespeare | Meet the first beginnings; look to the budding mischief before it has time to ripen to maturity. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | I know not whether it was the dumps or a budding ecstasy |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | C. Budding rabies virus. (references) | |
Within the central nervous system (CNS), there is preferential viral budding from plasma membranes. (references) | ||
Cephalic disorders are congenital conditions that stem from damage to, or abnormal development of, the budding nervous system. (references) | ||
Trade | Kazakhstan | Kazakhstani banks offer loans at high interest rates, which often frustrate small, budding entrepreneurs. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Bush | 1989-1993 | The budding young environmentalist I met this month, who joined me in exploring the Florida Everglades. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "BUDDING" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 98.20% of the time. "BUDDING" is used about 222 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 98.2% | 218 | 20,478 |
| Lexical Verb (-ing form) | 1.8% | 4 | 175,879 |
| Total | 100.00% | 222 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "BUDDING". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Nebai | N/A | Biblical | Budding |
| Neballat | N/A | Biblical | Budding |
| Nibhaz | N/A | Biblical | Budding |
| Shuham | N/A | Biblical | Budding |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
Expressions using "BUDDING": Budding and Appendaged Bacteria ♦ budding industry ♦ budding lawyer ♦ budding moustache ♦ budding poet ♦ chip budding ♦ Majorca budding ♦ Mayorquine budding ♦ shield budding. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "BUDDING": patsy-budding. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
budding breast | 87 | budding picture tiny tit | 3 |
budding | 40 | breast budding pic | 3 |
budding tit | 17 | breast budding story | 2 |
budding nipples | 12 | budding rose | 2 |
breast budding her | 11 | budding edwin | 2 |
budding carl | 6 | breast budding gallery | 2 |
budding yeast | 5 | breast budding photo | 2 |
breast budding picture | 5 | budding hydra | 2 |
budding teen | 5 | budding mammaries | 2 |
budding tiny tit | 4 | budding girl | 2 |
adolescent breast budding | 4 | breast budding young | 2 |
budding grafting | 3 | budding t | 2 |
boob budding | 2 | ||
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "BUDDING"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | që nis të lulëzojë. (various references) | |
Arabic | متبرعم, ناشئ (birth, nascent, resultant), تبرعم (bud, shoot, sprout, tap), ذو براعم (gemmate). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | напъпване (gemmation), напъпил (gemmate). (various references) | |
Chinese | 蕻 (flourishing), 发芽 (Budded, Germinate, Germinated, Germinating, Germinative, sprouted, sprouting). (various references) | |
Czech | rašení, rašící, puèící (nascent), nastávající (designate, imminent, impendent, impending, incoming). (various references) | |
Danish | spiring (floor malting, germination, shooting, sprouting), spiren (shooting, sprouting), skyden (shooting, sprouting), okulering (bud-grafting, chip budding, shield budding), okulation (bud-grafting, chip budding, shield budding), knopskydning (bud burst, sprouting), knoppodning. (various references) | |
Dutch | botten (bud), bastenting (bud-grafting, chip budding, shield budding), uitbotten (bud), spruiten (arise, be born, bud), schieten (fire, shoot), opkomen (arise, ascend, get up, go up, lift, rise), oculering, oculeren (inoculate), knopvorming (sprouting), knopstekken (bud-grafting, chip budding, shield budding), knoppen (bud burst), gemmatio (sprouting). (various references) | |
Finnish | versominen (shooting, sprouting, tillering), vasta-alkava, silmutus (bud burst, bud-grafting, chip budding, shield budding), silmuttaminen (bud burst), silmujen puhkeaminen (bud burst, bursting of buds), orastuminen (shooting, sprouting, stem elongation), okulointi (bud-grafting, chip budding, shield budding). (various references) | |
French | bourgeonnement (bud burst), bourgeonnant, pousse, naissant, greffe en écusson (bud-grafting, chip budding, shield budding), greffage en écusson (bud-grafting, chip budding, shield budding), greffage d'yeux (bud-grafting, chip budding, shield budding), en bouton, écussonnage (bud-grafting, chip budding, shield budding). (various references) | |
German | knospend (burgeoning). (various references) | |
Greek | κέντρωμα με μάτι, βλάστημα (browse, shooting, sprouting), νεαρός (youngster, youth), μπουμπούκιασμα (bud burst), που βγάζει μπουμπούκια, ενοφθαλμισμός, εμβολιασμός δι'ενοφθαλμισμού (bud-grafting, chip budding, shield budding), άνθησις (anthesis, bud burst), ανερχόμενος (ascendant, emerging). (various references) | |
Hebrew | נביטה (burgeoning, germination, sprout, sprouting), נבגי (germinal, sporal). (various references) | |
Hungarian | bimbózó (burgeoning), rügyező (burgeoning). (various references) | |
Indonesian | perbungaan (blossoming). (various references) | |
Italian | innesto a scudetto (bud-grafting, chip budding, shield budding), innesto a occhio (bud-grafting, chip budding, shield budding), innesto a gemma, inesto a gemma (bud-grafting, chip budding, shield budding), in erba, germogliazione (bursting of buds, shooting, sprouting), germogliamento (bud burst), germinazione (germination), gemmazione (pullulation). (various references) | |
Korean | 싹틈. (various references) | |
Manx | gubbey (sprout), gobbey (come out, sprout), cheet my vlaa (florescence, flower, pubescent), cheet magh (appearance, come out, emerge, issuing). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | uddingbay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | rebento (browse, bud, chit, gemma, layer, offset, offshoot, plant, scion, shoot, slip, sprig, sprout, twig), enxerto de borbulha (bud-grafting, chip budding, shield budding). (various references) | |
Romanian | care înmugureşte. (various references) | |
Russian | окулировка, подающий надежды (hopeful, likely, promising, up and coming). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | pupljenje (gemmation), koji pupi, koji počinje. (various references) | |
Spanish | en ciernes. (various references) | |
Swedish | okulering (bud-grafting, chip budding, shield budding). (various references) | |
Thai | การผลิดอก. (various references) | |
Turkish | tomurcuklanma (gemmation), tomurcuklanan (gemmate, gemmiferous), mesleğinde ilerleyen, gelişme çağında olan, gelişme (advance, advancement, amelioration, development, expansion, flourish, formative, growing, growth, headway, improvement, inflorescence, pickup, progress, strides). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | що розпукується (new-blown). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Proverbs Chapter 10, Verse 31 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Stoma dikaiou apostazei sofian glwssa de adikou exoleitai |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Os iusti parturiet sapientiam lingua pravorum peribit |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | Þæra rihtwisena muð acenneð wisdom,ac wiðerweardlicu tunge weorðeð asniðen. |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | The mouth of the riytwis shal bere wisdam; the tunge of shrewis shal pershen. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | The mouth of the just bringeth forth wisdom: but the froward tongue shall be cut out. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | The mouth of the just bringeth forth wisdom: but the froward tongue shall be cut out. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | The mouth of the upright man is budding with wisdom, but the twisted tongue will be cut off. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Proverbs Chapter 10, Verse 31 |
| Cebuano | ¶ Ang baba sa matarung magabunga ug kaalam; Apan ang dila nga masukihon pagaputlon. |
| Croatian | Pravednikova usta raðaju mudrošæu, a opak jezik èupa se s korijenom. |
| Danish | Den retfærdiges Mund bærer Visdoms Frugt, den falske Tunge udryddes. |
| Dutch | De mond des rechtvaardigen brengt overvloediglijk wijsheid voort; maar de tong der verkeerdheden zal uitgeroeid worden. |
| Finnish | Vanhurskaan suu kasvaa viisauden hedelmän, mutta kavala kieli hävitetään. |
| French | La bouche du juste produit la sagesse, Mais la langue perverse sera retranchée. |
| German | Der Mund des Gerechten bringt Weisheit; aber die Zunge der Verkehrten wird ausgerottet. |
| Haitian Creole | ¶ Lè moun k'ap mache dwat yo ap pale, se bon koze yo bay. Men, moun k'ap pale mal yo ap disparèt. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Orang tulus menuturkan kata-kata bijaksana; orang jahat akan dibungkamkan mulutnya. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Bahwa mulut orang yang benar itu berkelimpahan akal budi, tetapi lidah yang membinasakan itu akan dikerat. |
| Italian | La bocca del giusto esprime la sapienza, la lingua perversa sarà tagliata. |
| Maori | ¶ Ko te mangai o te tangata tika hua ana te whakaaro nui; ka tapahia ia te arero whanoke. |
| Norwegian | Den rettferdiges munn bærer visdoms frukt, men den falske tunge skal skjæres av. |
| Portuguese | A boca do justo produz sabedoria; porém a língua perversa será desarraigada. |
| Rumanian | Gura celui neprihqnit scoate knyelepciune, dar limba stricatq va fi nimicitq. - |
| Russian | хУФБ РТБЧЕДОЙЛБ ЙУФПЮБАФ НХДТПУФШ, Б СЪЩЛ ЪМПЧТЕДОЩК ПФУЕЮЕФУС. |
| Spanish | La boca del justo producirá sabiduría, pero la lengua perversa será cortada. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "BUDDING": buddings. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "BUDDING": disbudding, underbudding. (additional references) | |
| |
"BUDDING" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: baudain, Bludden, bruding, buddin, Buddine, Buddingh, Buddwing, Budin, budino, Budongo, Budwig, bulding, hudding, Huddinge, uding. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "BUDDING" (pronounced bu"ding) |
| 4 | -u" d i ng | flooding. |
| 3 | -d i ng | applauding, apprehending, abounding, acceding, according, abiding, adding, affording, aiding, alluding, amending, ascending, astounding, attending, avoiding, awarding, backsliding, balding, banding, bedding, beheading, beholding, bending, bidding, biding, binding, bleeding, blending, blinding, blockading, boarding, bombarding, bonding, bounding, braiding, branding, breading, breeding, brooding, building, cascading, ceding, cheerleading, chiding, clouding, codding, coding, coinciding, colliding, colluding, commanding, commending, compounding, comprehending, conceding, concluding, condescending, confiding, confounding, contending, cording, corresponding, crowding, crusading, deciding, decoding, defending, defrauding, defunding, degrading, deluding, demanding, denuding, depending, deriding, descending, disbanding, discarding, disregarding, dividing, downgrading, downloading, dreading, eluding, encoding, ending, eroding, evading, exceeding, excluding, expanding, expending, exploding, expounding, extending, extruding, fading, featherbedding, feeding, fending, feuding, Fielding, finding, folding, forbidding, foreboding, forwarding, founding, freestanding, funding, gadding, gilding, girding, Gladding, gliding, goading, Godding, grading, grandstanding, grinding, grounding, guarding, guiding, handholding, handing, heading, heeding, heralding, herding, hiding, hoarding, holding, hounding, impeding, impending, imploding, inbreeding, including, intending, interceding, intruding, invading, joyriding, kidding, kneading, lading, landholding, landing, lauding, leading, lending, loading, longstanding, madding, marauding, masquerading, masterminding, Melding, mending, minding, misleading, misreading, misspending, misunderstanding, molding, moulding, needing, nodding, nonbinding, nonbuilding, notwithstanding, offending, outbidding, outspending, outstanding, overbuilding, overcrowding, overextending, overfunding, overloading, overriding, overspending, padding, parading, pending, persuading, pervading, pleading, plodding, portending, pounding, preceding, precluding, presiding, pretending, proceeding, prodding, proofreading, protruding, providing, pudding, punctuating, raiding, railroading, reading, rebounding, rebuilding, receding, recommending, recording, Redding, Reding, refunding, regarding, relending, reminding, rending, rereading, rescinding, residing, resounding, responding, retarding, retreading, rewarding, ridding, riding, rodding, rounding, safeguarding, sanding, scaffolding, scalding, scolding, seceding, seeding, sending, serenading, shading, shedding, shepherding, shielding, shipbuilding, shredding, shrouding, siding, skateboarding, skidding, sledding, sliding, sounding, spearheading, speeding, spellbinding, spending, spreading, stampeding, standing, stranding, striding, subsiding, succeeding, superseding, surrounding, suspending, tending, threading, tiding, trading, transcending, treading, trending, unbending, underfunding, understanding, unending, unfolding, unloading, unwinding, unyielding, upgrading, upholding, upstanding, vending, voiding, wading, warding, wedding, weeding, welding, wending, wielding, Wilding, winding, withholding, withstanding, Wooding, wording, wounding, yielding. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "b-d-d-g-i-n-u" | |
-1 letter: duding. | |
-2 letters: unbid, undid. | |
-3 letters: bind, bund, bung, ding, dung, guid. | |
-4 letters: bid, big, bin, bud, bug, bun, dib, did, dig, din, dub, dud, dug, dui, dun, gib, gid, gin, gnu, gun, nib, nub. | |
-5 letters: bi, id, in, nu, un. | |
| Words containing the letters "b-d-d-g-i-n-u" | |
+1 letter: buddings, buddying. | |
+2 letters: unbridged. | |
+3 letters: befuddling, bemuddling, bestudding, disbudding, outbidding, unabridged. | |
+4 letters: subdividing. | |
+5 letters: bodybuilding, disburdening, dumbfounding, underbidding, underbudding. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Familiar 10. Quotations: Fiction 11. Quotations: Non-fiction 12. Quotations: Speeches | 13. Usage Frequency 14. Names: Derived from 15. Expressions 16. Expressions: Internet | 17. Translations: Modern 18. Bible Trace 19. Derivations 20. Rhymes | 21. Anagrams 22. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
