Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Auto

Specialty Definition: Auto

Top     

Specialty Definition: Auto racing

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Auto racing (also known as automobile racing, motor racing, motorsport or autosport) is a sport involving racing automobiles. It is one of the world's most popular spectator sports and perhaps the most thoroughly commercialised.

History

The beginning

Auto racing began almost immediately after the construction of the first successful petrol-fuelled autos. In 1894, the first contest was organised by Paris magazine Le Petit Journal, a reliability test to determine best performance.

A year later the first real race was staged, from Paris to Bordeaux. First over the line was Emile Levassor but he was disqualified because his car was not a required four-seater.

The first auto race in America, over a 54.36-mile course, took place in Chicago on November 2 1895, Frank Duryea winning in 10 hr and 23 min, beating three petrol-fuelled cars and two electric.

City to city racing

With auto construction and racing dominated by France, the French automobile club ACF staged a number of major international races, usually from or to Paris, connecting with another major city in Europe or France.

These very successful races ended in 1903 when Marcel Renault was involved in a fatal accident near Angouleme in the Paris-Madrid race. Eight fatalities caused the French government to stop the race in Bordeaux and ban open-road racing.

(much more on this)

Gordon Bennett Cup in Auto Racing

1910-1950

See: Grand Prix motor racing

The 1930s saw the radical differentiation of racing vehicles from high-priced road cars, with Delage, Auto Union, Mercedes-Benz, Delahaye and Bugatti constructing streamlined vehicles with engines producing up to 450 kw with the aid of multiple superchargers. Maximum weight permitted was 750 kg, a rule diametrically opposed to current racing regulations. Extensive use of aluminium alloys was required to achieve light weight, and in the case of the Mercedes, the paint was removed to satisfy the weight limitation.

Categories

There are many categories of auto racing.

Single-seater racing

Single-seater (open wheel) racing is perhaps the most well-known series, with cars designed specifically for high-speed racing. The wheels are not covered, and the cars have aerofoil wings front and rear to produce downforce and enhance adhesion to the track.

Single-seater races are held on specially designed closed circuits or street circuits closed for the event. Many single-seater races in North America are held on “oval” circuits and the Indy Racing League races exclusively on ovals.

Best known single-seater racing is in Formula One, which involves an annual world championship featuring major international car and engine manufacturers in an ongoing battle of technology as well on the track. In North America, ChampCars and Indy Racing League cars have similarities to F1 cars but have much more restrictions

There are other categories of such racing, including kart racing which employs a small, low-cost machine on small tracks. Many of today’s top drivers started their careers in karts.

Rallying

Rallying, or rally racing, involves highly modified production cars on (closed) public roads or off-road areas. A rally is typically conducted over a number of stages which entrants are allowed to scout before competing. The navigator/co-driver uses the reconnaissance notes to help the driver complete each stage as fast as possible. Competition is usually based on time, though lately some head-to-head stages have emerged.

The main rally championship is the World Rally Championship (WRC), but there also some regional championships and most countries have their own national championships.

Famous rallies include the Monte Carlo Rally and the Rallye San Remo. Another famous rally-like event (actually a rally raid) is the Paris-Dakar Rally.

There are also many smaller categories of rallies which are popular with amateurs, making up the "grass roots" of motorsports.

--

Ice Racing

--

Touring car racing

Like rallying, touring car racing is done with highly modified production cars, but they race at the same time against each other, mainly on closed circuits.

There is no international championship in touring car racing, most countries running their own national championships. Among the better known are the British Touring Car Championship (BTCC), the Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (DTM, German Touring Car Championship), and V8 Supercars in Australia.

Stock car racing

Stock car racing is the American variant of touring car racing. Usually conducted on ovals, the cars look like production cars but are in fact purpose-built racing machines which are all very similar in specifications. Early stock cars were much closer to production vehicles.

The main stock car racing series is NASCAR and the most famous race in the series is the Daytona 500. NASCAR also runs the Busch Series (a junior stock car league) and the Craftsman Truck Series, (pickup trucks).

NASCAR also runs the Featherlite series of "modified" cars which are heavily modified from stock form. With powerful engines, large tires, and light open-wheel bodies. NASCAR's oldest series is considered its most exciting.

Drag racing

In drag racing, the objective is to complete a certain distance, traditionally 1/4 mile, (1320 ft, 400 m), in the shortest possible time. The vehicles range from the everyday car to the dragster. Speeds and elapsed time differ from class to class. A street car can cover the 1/4 mile in 15 sec whereas a top fuel dragster can cover the same distance in 4.5 sec and reach 330 mph (530 km/h). Drag racing was organised as a sport by Wally Parks in the early 1950s through the NHRA (National Hot Rod Association) which is the largest sanctioning motor sports body in the world. The NHRA was formed to prevent people from street racing. Illegal street racing is not drag racing.

Launching its run to 330 mph, a top fuel dragster will pull 4.5g , and when braking and parachutes are deployed, the driver experiences negative 4g (more than space shuttle occupants). A single top fuel car can be heard over eight miles (13 km) away and can generate a reading of 1.5-2 on the richter scale. (NHRA Mile High Nationals 2001, and 2002 testing from the National Seismology Center.)

Drag racing is often head-to-head where two cars battle each other, the winner proceeding to the next round. Professional classes are all first to the finish line wins. Sportsman racing is handicapped (slower car getting a head start) using an index, and cars running faster than their index "break out" and lose.

Drag racing is mostly popular in the United States

Links:

• NRHA.com
• IHRA.com

Sports car racing

In sports car racing, production versions of sports cars and prototype cars compete with each other on closed circuits. The races are usually conducted over long distances, and cars are driven by teams of two or three drivers, switching every now and then. Due to the big difference between 'normal' sports cars and industrial prototypes, one race usually involves many racing classes. In the U.S. the American Le Mans Series was organized in 1999, featuring GT, GTS, and two prototype classes.

Famous sports car races include the 24 hours of Le Mans and the 24 hours of Daytona.

Offroad racing

In offroad racing, various classes of specially modified vehicles, including cars, compete in races through off-road environments. In North America these races often take place in the desert, such as the famous Baja 1000.

Hill climb racing

---

Karting

Seen as the entry point for serious racers into the sport, Karting is an economic way to try your luck at motorsport.

Other

• dirt speedway racing

Accidents

For the worst accident in racing history see Pierre Levegh.

See Also

• Engine tuning

  Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Auto racing."

Top     

Automobile

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

An automobile, usually called a car (an old word for carriage), is a wheeled vehicle that carries its own engine. (Older terms include motor car, with "motor" referring to what is now usually called the engine, and horseless carriage.) It has seats for the driver and, almost without exception, for at least one passenger.

General

The vehicle is designed to travel on roads, although some, notably sport utility vehicles, allow off-road driving. Roads and highways are shared with other traffic such as motorcycles, tractor trailer and farm implements.

The typical vehicle has just an internal combustion engine and four wheels, although in 2001, gas-electric hybrid engine-powered cars have begun to enter the market. Other vehicles run on electricity and fuel cells. Three-wheeled automobiles have been built, but are not common due to stability problems.

Automobiles/cars come in configurations such as

• Bubble car
• Convertible
• Hatchback
• Sedan
• Sports coupé
• Coupé convertible
• Station wagon or Estate car
• Sport utility vehicles (SUVs)
• Pickup trucks
• Truck (or lorry)
• Van and minivan.

See car classification.

History

The first vehicles were steam engine powered, then electric vehicles were produced by a small number of manufacturers. Later on gasoline (petrol) and diesel engines were implemented.

Steam-powered self propelled vehicles were devised in the late 18th century. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot successfully demonstrated such a vehicle as early as 1769.

Cugnot's invention initially saw little application in his native France, and the center of innovation passed to Britain, where Richard Trevithick was running a steam-carriage in 1801. Such vehicles enjoyed a vogue for a time, and over the next decades such innovations as hand brakes, multi-speed transmissions, and improved speed and steering were developed. Some were commercially successfull in providing mass transit, until a backlash against these large speedy vehicles resulted in passing laws that self-propelled vehicles on public roads in Britain must be proceeded by a man on foot waving a red flag and blowing a horn (!). This effectively killed road auto development in the UK for most of the rest of the 19th century, as inventors and engineers shifted their efforts to improvements in railway locomotives.

It is generally claimed that the first automobiles with gasoline powered internal combustion engines were completed almost simultaneously in 1886 by German inventors working independently, Gottlieb Daimler on 3 July 1886 in Mannheim and later Karl Benz and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart. The major breakthrough came with the historic drive of Berta Benz in 1888. Steam, electric, and gasoline powered autos competed for decades, with gasoline internal combustion engines achieving dominence in the 1910s.

The first automobile patent in the United States was granted to Oliver Evans in 1789; in 1804 Evens demonstrated his first successfull self-propelled vehicle, which not only was the first automobile in the USA but was also the first amphibious vehicle, as his steam-powered vehicle was able to travel on wheels on land and via a paddle wheel in the water. On November 5, 1895, George B. Selden was granted the a United States patent for a two-stroke automobile engine. This patent did more to hinder than encourage development of autos in the USA until it was overturned on a challenge by Henry Ford.

The large scale, production-line manufacturing of affordable automobiles was debuted by Oldsmobile in 1902, then greatly expanded by Henry Ford in the 1910s. Early automobiles were often referred to as 'horseless carriages', which gives some idea of their design.

Cadillac introduced the electric-self starter in 1911. This device greatly helped the ease of use and popularity of the internal combustion engine auto.

1934 saw the introduction of front wheel drive by Citroën with the launch of their Traction Avant.

Alternative fuels for the gasoline (or petrol) engine have been around for many years. During World War II, coal gas was used. Methanol and ethanol (alcohols) are used as petrol extenders in some countries, notably in Australia and the United States. Methanol is often used as a fuel for racing cars.

Automobiles have changed the world with the advent of personal rapid transit. The automobile had a particulary strong impact on America.

In many countries, plentiful supplies of natural gas have seen methane sold as compressed natural gas (CNG) and propane sold as liquified petroleum gas (LPG) alongside petrol and diesel fuels since the 1970s. While a standard automotive engine will run on these fuels, there are some performance differences, notably a loss of power, due to the slower combustion of the alternative fuels. The power loss can often be reduced or eliminated by retuning the engine ignition, or fitting an electronic dual fuel ignition system that compensates for the slower burning fuel. The need to equip filling stations and vehicles with pressure vessels to hold these gaseous fuels and the more stringent safety inspections means that they are only economical in high mileage vehicles or if there are installation incentives. They are most economical where petrol has high taxes and the alternative fuels do not.

The many varieties of automobile racing (also called motorcar racing) collectively constitute one of the most popular categories of sport in the world.

Safety

Accidents seem as old as automobile vehicles themselves. Joseph Cugnot crashed his steam-powered "Fardier" against a wall in 1770. The first recorded automobile fatality was Henry Bliss on September 13, 1899 in New York, New York.

Every year thousands of people are killed in traffic, either by crashing into something, or by being crashed into. Major factors in accidents include driving under the influence of alcohol or other drugs, inattentive driving, overtired driving, road hazards such as snow, potholes and animals, and reckless driving. Special safety features have been built into cars for years (some for the safety of car's occupants only, some for the safety of others):

• ABS, Anti-lock Braking System, which prevents the car from skidding
• Airbags, which inflate in a crash to cushion the blow of a head on the dashboard
• ESP, Electronic Skid Prevention.
• crumple zones, which buffers the impact when the car hits something
• seat belts (or safety belts), which keep a person from being thrown forward
• cage construction

There are standard tests for safety in new automobiles, like the EuroNCAP. Despite these technological advances, the death toll of car accidents remains high: about 40,000 people die every year in the US, a number which increases annually in line with rising population and increased travel (although the rate per capita and per mile travelled decreases steadily), and a similar number in Europe. A much higher number of accidents result in permanent disability.

Renewable energy and the future

With heavy taxes on fuel, particularly in Europe, tightening environmental laws in the United States, particularly in California, and the possibility of further restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions, work on alternative power systems for vehicles continues.

Nowadays diesel cars can use 100% pure biodiesel, a fuel made from vegetable oils.

Attempts at building viable battery-powered electric vehicles continued throughout the 1990s (notably General Motors with the EV1), but cost, speed and inferior driving range made them unviable.

Current research and development is centred on "hybrid" vehicles that use both electric and combustion (pollution) power, and longer-term efforts are based around electric vehicles powered by fuel cells.

Other alternatives being explored involve methane and hydrogen-burning vehicles, fuel cells, and even the stored energy of compressed air (see Air Engine).

Major possible subsystems of a standard automobile

• engine
  • carburetor or fuel injection
  • fuel pump
  • engine configuration (V8, V6, V12, straight four, six, eights, flat-fours and sixes etc).
  • engine management systems
  • exhaust system
  • ignition system
  • self starter
  • pollution control devices
  • turbo-chargers and superchargers
  • front engine
  • rear engine
  • middle engine

• drivetrain
  • transmission (gearbox)
    • manual transmission
    • automatic transmission
  • 2 Wheel Drive
  • 4 Wheel Drive
  • differential
    • limited slip differential
  • axle
  • Live axle

• brakes
  • disc brakes
  • drum brakes
  • anti-lock braking systems (ABS)

• wheels and tires

• steering
  • rack and pinion
  • Ackermann steering geometry
  • Castor angle
  • Camber angle
  • Kingpin

• suspension
  • MacPherson strut
  • wishbone
  • double wishbone
  • multi-link
  • torsion beam
  • semi-trailing arm
  • axle

• body
  • crumple zones
  • monocoque (or unibody) construction

• interior equipment
  • passive safety
    • seat belts
    • airbags
  • controls
  • seats
  • ancillary equipment such as stereos, air conditioning, cruise control, positioning systems, cup holders, etc.

Related articles

• armored car
• carpool
• crash
• diesel cycle; four-stroke cycle; two-stroke cycle; Miller cycle
• future of the car
• flying car
• list of automobile manufacturers
• parking meter
• parking ramp
• road
• Road Safety
• tank
• traffic law
• urban car
• Wankel rotary engine

External links

• EuroNCAP
• US Department of Transport Fatal Accident Statistics
• National Transportation Safety Board
• What to expect after an auto accident
• What to do in the Event of an Auto Accident

Cars 1917 to 2003

2003 Saturn ION2 (left), 2003 Chevrolet Corvette
Larger version

1937 Chrysler Airflow, 2002 Chrysler PT Cruiser

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Automobile."

Top     

Abbreviations & Acronyms: Auto

1917 Hudson Phaeton Larger version	1934 Austin Berkeley Larger version
1967 BMC Wolseley 6/110 Larger version	2000 Ford Focus wagon Larger version
1973 Australian Ford XB Falcon GT 351	1964 Chevrolet Biscayne
1991 Saturn SL-1	circa 1960 GAZ Chaika parade car Larger version

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
Entry	Source	Expression	Field
AUTO PRO P S	English	Automatic programming for positioning systems	N/A
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Top     

Synonyms: Auto Synonyms: automobile (n), car (n), machine (n), motorcar (n). (additional references)

Top     

Synonyms within Context: Auto

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Calefaction	Ignition, inflammation, adustion, flagration; deflagration, conflagration; empyrosis, incendiarism; arson; auto dafe.
Killing	Suicide, felo de se, hara-kiri, suttee, Juggernath; immolation, auto da fe, holocaust.
Mart	Tobacco shop, tobacco store, tobacconists, cigar store, hardware store, jewelry shop, bookstore, liquor store, gun shop, rod and reel shop, furniture store, drugstore, chemist's, florist, flower shop, shoe store, stationer, stationer's, electronics shop, telephone store, music store, record shop, fur store, sporting goods store, video store, video rental store; lumber store, lumber yard, home improvements store, home improvement center; gas station, auto repair shop, auto dealer, used car dealer.
Vehicle	Motor car, automobile, limousine, car, auto, jalopy, clunker, lemon, flivver, coupe, sedan, two-door sedan, four-door sedan, luxury sedan; wheels, sports car, roadster, gran turismo, jeep, four-wheel drive vehicle, electric car, steamer; golf cart, electric wagon; taxicab, cab, taxicoach, checker cab, yellow cab; station wagon, family car; motorcycle, motor bike, side car; van, minivan, bus, minibus, microbus; truck, wagon, pick-up wagon, pick-up, tractor-trailer, road train, articulated vehicle; racing car, racer, hot rod, stock car, souped-up car.
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

Top     

Crosswords: Auto

English words defined with "auto": auto part ♦ call back, call in, car part ♦ recall ♦ strike ♦ walk out, withdraw. (references)

Specialty definitions using "auto": A-mode assembly, Auto Idle, AUTOMOBILE DETAILER, AUTOMOBILE WRECKER, avionics and radar technician, avionics mechanic, AVIONICS TECHNICIAN ♦ bench inspector, B-mode assembly, Bulky Waste ♦ checkerboard assembly, Chemical Stressors, COLLET GLUER ♦ DEPUTY SHERIFF, CHIEF, DESTATICIZER FEEDER, DISASSEMBLER, DRAFTER, AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN, DRAFTER, AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN LAYOUT ♦ INSPECTOR, GENERAL ♦ parts inspector, pedestrian friendly design, PRINTER, MACHINE ♦ radio and radar technician ♦ SALES REPRESENTATIVE, RADIO AND TELEVISION TIME, sequential assembly, System Management Mode ♦ veeblefetzer ♦ WELDING SUPERVISOR, WELDING-MACHINE TENDER, wrecking mechanic. (references)

Etymologies containing "auto": Auto-da-f'e. (references)

Non-English Usage: "Auto" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Czech (auto, car, motor car), Dutch (automobile, car, motor car, motor-car), Finnish (auto, automobile, car, motor car, taxi), French (auto, automobile, car, motor car), Frisian (automobile, car, motor car), German (auto, automobile, car, motor, motor car, motorcar), Italian (auto, automobile, car, motor car), Lombard (car), Polish (automobile, car, motor car), Portuguese (car, diploma, document, minutes), Romanian (automobile, motor), Romansch (car), Serbo-Croatian (auto), Spanish (auto, automobile, car, mystery).

Top     

Modern Usage: Auto

Domain	Usage
Screenplays	My auto. El convertablo (Buffy the Vampire Slayer; writing credit: Doreen Spicer) So, if you wanted to fix old cars you're supposed to be an auto mechanic (Office Space; writing credit: Mike Judge)
Movie/TV Titles	Twee jongens en een oude auto (1969) The Parts That Build the Auto (1966) Alexander und das Auto ohne linken Scheinwerfer (1965) Auto a Sappho (1965) There Auto Be A Law (1965)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Commercial Usage: Auto

Domain	Title
References	Auto Hellos Co., Ltd.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference) Bajaj Auto Limited: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference) Hometown Auto Retailers, Inc.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference) Insurance Auto Auctions Incorporated: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference) Championship Auto Racing Teams Incorporated: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference) (more reference examples)
Books	Crash Course: A Self-Healing Guide to Auto Accident Trauma and Recovery (reference) (more book examples)
Periodicals	Auto & Design (reference) Auto & Flat Glass Journal (reference) Auto Finance Big Wheels (reference) Auto Finance News (reference) Auto Financing Update (reference) (more periodical examples)
Theater & Movies	Chaplin - The Collection, Vol. 3 - Kid Auto Races in Venice / The Rival Mashers / A Night Out (reference) Dorf Goes Auto Racing (reference) Dorf Library - Dorf Goes Fishing, Dorf Goes Auto Racing, Dorf on Golf, Dorf on the Diamond (reference) Auto Buyer Alert (reference) Deadline Auto Theft (reference) (more DVD examples; more video examples)
Music	Grand Theft Auto Box Set [BOX SET] [SOUNDTRACK] (reference) (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)
High Tech	Grand Theft Auto 3 (reference) Griffin Technology Powerpod - Auto Power Adapterfor Ipod (reference) Pacific Image 35MM Auto Film Scanner 1800AFL (reference) Auto Organizer Deluxe [DOWNLOAD] (reference) (more camera examples; more video game examples; more computer examples; more electronic examples; more software examples)
Consumer Goods	Auto Mobile (reference) Wagan 2045 SelfCharge Auto Jumper (reference) (more baby examples; more wireless phone examples; more garden examples; more kitchen examples; more tool examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Image Slideshow: Auto

Photos: Auto More pictures...

Illustrations: Auto More pictures...

Computer Images: Auto More pictures...

Top     

Photo Album: Auto

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	Edwin J. Brown Electronics whiz; geodesist; geophysicist 1899-1935 Died in auto accident. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.		U. S. Army Base Hospital Number 66, Neufchateau, France. : Motor transportation auto laboratory and group of officers and enlisted men. Credit: National Library of Medicine.
	When the auto first came into ... Credit: Library of Congress.		Stock market run over by auto cutbacks. Credit: Library of Congress.
	Four men riding in "Premier" auto, with the top down, through the snow with tire chains, in a wooded area. Credit: Library of Congress.		Pikes Peak by auto. Nearing the summit. Credit: Library of Congress.
	Free transfer auto, Elliott, Taylor, Woolfenden Co., Detroit, Mich. Credit: Library of Congress.		Packard [Motor Car Company] Auto Plant, Detroit, Mich. Credit: Library of Congress.
	Scene in an auto trailer camp near Dania, Florida, where 200 cars are encamped. This is one of Florida's higher class trailer camps, the rates being $5.00 weekly including electricity. Credit: Library of Congress.		Store furnishing supplies to auto trailer camp at Dennis Port, Massachusetts. Credit: Library of Congress.
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

Top     

Digital Photo Gallery: Auto
 

"My first auto" by Jason Patterson Commentary: "Boy with a toy automobile."	"Auto expo 2003 7" by Balázs Kovács Commentary: "We were on the hungarian car expo 2003. Pretty nice things, not just cars... but girls!."
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

Top     

Sounds Captioned with "Auto".

Play	Caption	Play	Caption
	Ding ding; gas station; filling station; gasoline; grease monkey; attendant; mechanic; garage; car; auto; automobile; truck.		Car; auto; horn; beep; London; England; British; English; Britain; lorry; .
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Non-Fiction Usage: Auto

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		Legionellosis is not passed from person to person, and there is no evidence of persons becoming infected from auto air conditioners or household window air-conditioning units. (references)
Business		After 2005 new auto plants may be considered. (references)
		As new car purchases increase so does auto theft. (references)
		Singapore does not restrict imports of auto parts. (references)
Children	Fiji	Children mostly work on the streets, in homes as domestics, and in auto repair shops. (references)
Economic History	Brazil	The Brazilian auto fleet is estimated at 18 million. (references)
	Philippines	Electronic and auto parts exports account for most of this growth. (references)
Human Rights	Syria	The bail provision does not extend to those accused of forgery, counterfeiting, or auto theft; however, the amendment is intended to provide relief for those accused of other economic crimes, many of whom have been in pretrial detention for long periods of time. (references)
Political Economy	CHILE	Auto sales on the whole have been declining since the 1998 recession. (references)
	BRAZIL	A small number of imports are banned altogether, such as re-manufactured auto parts. (references)
Trade	Argentina	Foreign auto manufacturers (including U.S. firms) in these countries receive national treatment. (references)
	Turkey	They finance purchases of expensive capital goods such as aircraft, auto fleets or special equipment. (references)
	Japan	In general, the warranty coverage for consumer electrical appliances is one year, but one to five years for auto parts. (references)
Travel	Czech Rep	In central Prague, visitors will often find walking faster (and more relaxing) than auto travel. (references)
	Bulgaria	Petty street crime, much of which is directed against foreigners, and auto theft, continue to be problems. (references)
	Norway	Most crimes involve the theft of personal property, e.g., residential burglary, auto theft, or vandalism to parked cars. (references)
Worker Rights	Turkey	An informal system provides work for young boys at low wages, for example, in auto repair shops. (references)
	Egypt	However, children also work in tanneries, auto repair workshops, and carpet and furniture factories in Cairo and Alexandria. (references)
	Egypt	In September the unit carried out its first raid, removing 112 children from 17 auto repair workshops in a Cairo neighborhood. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Top     

Speeches: Auto

Speaker	Term	Phrase(s)
Bill Clinton	1993-2001	I also ask the auto industry to use the available technologies to make all new cars more fuel-efficient right away.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Top     

Usage Frequency: Auto

"Auto" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 89.66% of the time. "Auto" is used about 203 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	89.66%	182	22,870
Noun (proper)	8.87%	18	82,615
Unclassified Items	0.99%	2	245,945
Noun (common)	0.49%	1	339,140
Total	100.00%	203	N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

Top     

Usage in Company Names: Auto

Country	Name	Country	Name
India	Bajaj Auto Limited	Japan	Auto Hellos Co., Ltd.
Russian Federation	ZIL Auto Plant	United Kingdom	Auto Indemnity Group Plc.
USA	Championship Auto Racing Teams Incorporated
	(more examples...)

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

Top     

Cities: Auto

1. Auto, AS (village, FIPS 20100) Location: 14.28161 S, 170.62682 W Population (1990): 255 (33 housing units) Area: 0.8 sq km (land), 0.3 sq km (water) Country: USA 2. Auto, WV Zip Code(s): 24917 Country: USA

Top     

Expressions: Auto

Expressions using "auto": auto accessory ♦ auto company ♦ auto correction ♦ auto court ♦ auto da fe ♦ auto dafe ♦ auto dealer ♦ auto diesel oil ♦ auto factory ♦ auto graveyard ♦ auto Idle ♦ auto limitation ♦ auto loan ♦ auto maker ♦ auto manufacturer ♦ auto mechanics ♦ auto part ♦ auto repair shop ♦ auto restoral task ♦ auto tire. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "auto": auto-abstract, auto-analyser, auto-answer, auto-answers, auto-antibodies, auto-antibody, auto-aphrodisiac, auto-assessment, auto-assisted, auto-bahn, auto-biographical, auto-biography, auto-build, Auto-canon, auto-catalytic, auto-changer, auto-coach, auto-company, auto-configuration, auto-cover, auto-credit, auto-crime, auto-crimes, auto-culture, auto-da-fe, Auto-da-f'e, auto-decrement, auto-decrementing, Auto-de-fe, auto-defrost, auto-destructing, auto-dialler, auto-dialling, Auto-didact, auto-differentiation, auto-digestion, auto-enhance, auto-erotic, auto-eroticism, auto-exec, auto-exposure, auto-faders, auto-feathering, auto-feeder, auto-fellate, auto-firing, auto-focus, auto-generated, auto-greaser, auto-gyration, auto-haemorrhage, auto-helm, auto-hypnosis, auto-icon, auto-iconism, auto-igniting, auto-ignition, auto-immune, auto-incrementing, auto-indexing, Auto-infection, Auto-inoculation, Auto-intoxication, auto-iris, auto-land, auto-landing, auto-lean, auto-makers, auto-marine, auto-marine-because, auto-mechanic, auto-mechatons, auto-minute, auto-mobiles, auto-mutilation, auto-nomous, auto-numbering, auto-off, auto-offs, auto-pattern, auto-pilot, auto-promotion, AUTO-PROMPT, auto-racing, auto-receive, auto-regulating, auto-regulatory, auto-repeat, auto-reselect, auto-restart, auto-return, auto-reverse, auto-rotating, auto-rough, auto-route, auto-sadistic, auto-samplers, auto-save, auto-select, auto-sense, auto-senses, auto-sensing, auto-set, Auto-sketch, auto-start, Auto-suggestion, auto-suggestions, auto-suspension, auto-talking, auto-theft, auto-throttle, auto-timer, auto-trace, auto-training, auto-transformer, auto-transmission, auto-waterer, auto-weight, auto-wind, auto-winders, auto-wrench, auto-zoom.
	Ending with "auto": all-auto, semi-auto.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Auto

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Expression	Frequency per Day	Expression	Frequency per Day
auto trader	45,773	auto dealer	2,751
national association for stock car auto racing	41,131	auto accessory	2,624
auto	35,173	auto rental	2,586
auto part	29,865	auto purchase	2,577
auto insurance	17,003	auto racing	2,570
auto zone	13,373	auto loan calculator	2,409
auto loan	7,980	grand theft auto 3 cheat	2,359
grand theft auto vice city	6,838	auto used	2,332
aseguradora auto	6,292	auto insurance quote	2,229
grand theft auto	5,821	auto trader online	2,043
auto repair	5,248	auto price	1,986
auto cheat city grand theft vice	5,063	advance auto	1,872
auto cad	5,034	auto paint	1,804
napa auto part	4,253	discount auto part	1,754
used auto part	4,005	auto blue book	1,743
auto detailing	3,712	auto refinance	1,621
grand theft auto 3	3,519	advanced auto part	1,598
auto auction	3,315	auto transport	1,553
advance auto part	3,049	auto sale	1,528
ticket to watch national association for stock car auto racing	2,788	auto body part	1,434
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Modern Translation: Auto

Language		Translations for "auto"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Albanian		automobil (automobile, motor car). (various references)
Arabic		‏ذاتي الحركة (automatic, automatical, automobile, self propelling), ‏بادئة معناها ذاتي. (various references)
Bulgarian		само (barely, but, entirely, just, merely, nothing but, only, purely, simply, solely), карам (cart, cause, drive, get along, have, impel, keep, lead, make, move, oar, occasion, pilot, propel, render, roll along, run, sail, serve, set, set off, start, urge on, wheel), автомобил (automobile, car, motor, motor car, motorcar), автоматичен (automatic, automatical, mechanical, robot, self acting), пътувам с автомобил (motor). (various references)
Chinese		自动车 (auto-). (various references)
Czech		auto (car, motor car). (various references)
Danish		autosvartransponder (auto-talking transponder), auto restoral task (auto restoral task), autoerotisme (auto-eroticism, auto-erotism), autoinfektion (autoinfection, auto-infection, self-infection), automatisk abstract (auto-abstract, automatic abstract, machine abstract), automatisk fremstillet referat (auto-abstract, automatic abstract, machine abstract), automatisk fremstillet uddrag (auto-abstract, automatic abstract, machine abstract), autosuppression (auto-suppression), ARIMA-model (Auto-Regressive Moving Average Model, Box-Jenkins model), hypergol (auto-igniting propellant, hypergol, hypergolic fuel, hypergolic propellant), spontant reagerende brændstof (auto-igniting propellant, hypergol, hypergolic fuel, hypergolic propellant), hypergolisk brændstof (auto-igniting propellant, hypergol, hypergolic fuel, hypergolic propellant), maskinreferat (auto-abstract, automatic abstract, machine abstract), selvanklagende person (auto-accuser), selvantændende brændstof (auto-igniting propellant, hypergol, hypergolic fuel, hypergolic propellant), selvfodring (auto-feeding, self-feeding, self-service), selvinfektion (autoinfection, auto-infection, self-infection), selvopstartende makro (auto-exec macro, self-booting macro), selvudførende makro (auto-exec macro, self-booting macro), Box-Jenkins-model (Auto-Regressive Moving Average Model, Box-Jenkins model). (various references)
Dutch		schroefsleutel met tandreep (auto-wrench, Crescent adjustable wrench, Crescent wrench). (various references)
Finnish		auto (automobile, car, motor car, taxi). (various references)
French		auto (automobile), clé à molette à serrage rapide (auto-wrench), clé à crémaillère (auto-wrench). (various references)
German		auto (automobile, car, motor, motor car, motorcar). (various references)
Greek		κλειδί με οδοντώματα (auto-wrench, Crescent adjustable wrench, Crescent wrench), αυτοκίνητο (automobile, car, coupe, motorcar). (various references)
Hungarian		kocsi (automobile, car, carriage, cart, coach, dolly, motor car, rig, sulky, waggon, wagon). (various references)
Indonesian		mobil (automobile, car, mobile, motor car). (various references)
Italian		automobile (automobile, car, motor, motor car, motorcar), auto (automobile, car, motor car), chiave a cremagliera (auto-wrench, Crescent adjustable wrench, Crescent wrench). (various references)
Japanese Kanji		エンボス加工 (auction, audience, audience survey, audio, audiometer, audio-visual, audition, auditorium, Austin, Australia, Australopithecus, Austria, authentic, authority, authorization, authorize, auto door, auto focus, auto parlor, auto player, auto show, autobacks, autobiography, autocamping, auto-changer, autocracy, autocross, automatic, automatic clutch, automatic control, automatic stop, automatic transmission, automatic tuning deck, auto-nurse, autopilot, auxin, custom-made, eau de Cologne, embossment, enlargement, enrich, haute couture, made-to-order, motorcycle race, motorcycle), OA, oak, oaks, oats, ocean, ocean race, oceanaut, Odin, office automation, office lady, ogre, OK, OL, old girl, orc, orchard, orchestra, orchestra box, order, order entry system, order made, ordinary, organdy, organization, organize, organizer, orgasm, orgy, orgy party, orthodox, ostrich). (various references)
Japanese Katakana		オート (oats). (various references)
Korean		자동차 (auto-, Automobile). (various references)
Manx		hene-sannish (auto-suggestion), hene-lostey (auto-ignition, spontaneous combustion). (various references)
Pig Latin		autoay.(various references)
Portuguese		automático (automat, automatic, automatical, clock-work, self-acting, self-service), carro (automobile, car, cart, chariot, lorry, vehicle, wain). (various references)
Romanian		automobil (autocar, automobile, car, machine, motor car, self propelling, stream-liner). (various references)
Russian		автоматический (automatic, automatical, machine-created, mechanical, robot, self acting, self-acting, typematic, unattended, unmanned, unstaffed, unwatched), авто (autos). (various references)
Serbo-Croatian		auto. (various references)
Spanish		automovilísticos, auto (automobile, car, mystery), llave de cremallera (auto-wrench, Crescent adjustable wrench, Crescent wrench), el auto, coche (automobile, cab, cabriolet, car, carriage, coach, machine, motor, motor car, motorcar, railway carriage, saloon, waggon). (various references)
Swedish		bil (automobile, car, motor car, motorcar, motor-car, taxicab, wheels). (various references)
Thai		รถ (คำไม่เป็นทางการ). (various references)
Turkish		araba ile gezmek (coach), araba (autocar, automobile, car, carriage, cart, gharry, motor, motorcar, wheel), otomobille gezmek, otomobil (autocar, automobile, automotive, car, motor, motorcar), oto (auto-, oto-). (various references)
Ukrainian		автомобіль (automobile, cabriolet, car, machine, motor car, vehicle), автоматичний пістолет (automatic), правити автомобілем (automobile). (various references)
Vietnamese		xa lộ (auto-road, motorway), sự tự ám thị (auto-suggestion, self-suggestion), đường dành riêng cho ô tô (auto-road). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Top     

Bible Trace: Auto

Language	Date	Source	Matthew Chapter 27, Verse 59
Greek (transliterated)	250 BC	Septuagint	Kai labwn to swma o iwshf enetulixen auto sindoni kaqara
Latin	405	Vulgate	Et accepto corpore Ioseph involvit illud sindone munda
Old English	990	West Saxon	& Ioseph genam þanne lichaman. & be-wand hine mid clænre scetan.
Middle English	1395	Wyclif	Thanne Pilat comaundide the bodie to be youun. And whanne the bodi was takun, Joseph lappide it in a clene sendel,
Renaissance English	1526	Tyndale	And Ioseph toke the body and wrapped it in a clene lynnyn clooth
Jacobean English	1611	King James	And when Joseph had taken the body, he wrapped it in a clean linen cloth,
Victorian English	1833	Webster	And when Joseph had taken the body, he wrapped it in a clean linen cloth,
Basic English	1964	Ogden	And Joseph took the body, folding it in clean linen,
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Matched Bible Translations: Auto

Language	Matthew Chapter 27, Verse 59
Cebuano	Ug gikuha ni Jose ang lawas ug gilimisan niya kini sa malinis nga panaptong lino,
Croatian	Josip uze tijelo, povi ga u èisto platno
Danish	Og Josef tog Legemet og svøbte det i et rent, fint Linklæde
Dutch	En Jozef, het lichaam nemende, wond hetzelve in een zuiver fijn lijnwaad.
Finnish	Ja Joosef otti ruumiin, kääri sen puhtaaseen liinavaatteeseen
French	Joseph prit le corps, l`enveloppa d`un linceul blanc,
German	Und Joseph nahm den Leib und wickelte ihn in eine reine Leinwand
Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari	Maka Yusuf mengambil jenazah itu, dan membungkusnya dengan kain kapan dari linen yang baru.
Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama	Maka Yusuf mengambil mayat itu, dikapaninya dengan kain halus yang bersih.
Manx Gaelic	As tra va Joseph er n'ghoaill y corp hoill eh eh ayns aanrit glen,
Maori	Na ka tango a Hohepa i te tinana, a takaia ana e ia ki te rinena ma,
Norwegian	Og Josef tok legemet og svøpte det i et rent, fint linklæde
Portuguese	E José, tomando o corpo, envolveu-o num pano limpo, de linho,
Rumanian	Iosif a luat trupul, l -a knfqwurat kntr`o pknzq curatq de in,
Shuar	Túram Jusé Jesusa ayashin krusnumia jusa ti pénker tarachjai penuarmiayi.
Swahili	Yosefu akauchukua ule mwili akauzungushia sanda safi ya kitani,
Swedish	Och Josef tog hans kropp och svepte den i en ren linneduk
Uma	Na'ala' mpu'u-mi, naputu' hante kain to bula,
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Derivations & Misspellings: Auto

Derivations
	Words beginning with "auto": autoantibodies, autoantibody, autobahn, autobahnen, autobahns, autobiographer, autobiographers, autobiographic, autobiographical, autobiographically, autobiographies, autobiography, autobus, autobuses, autobusses, autocade, autocades, autocatalyses, autocatalysis, autocatalytic, autocatalytically, autocephalies, autocephalous, autocephaly, autochthon, autochthones, autochthonous, autochthonously, autochthons, autoclave, autoclaved, autoclaves, autoclaving, autocoid, autocoids, autocorrelation, autocorrelations, autocracies, autocracy, autocrat, autocratic, autocratical, autocratically, autocrats, autocross, autocrosses, autodidact, autodidactic, autodidacts, autodyne, autodynes. (additional references)
	Words containing "auto": chemoautotrophic, chemoautotrophies, chemoautotrophy, nonautomated, nonautomatic, nonautomotive, nonautonomous, photoautotroph, photoautotrophic, photoautotrophically, photoautotrophs, radioautograph, radioautographic, radioautographies, radioautographs, radioautography, sautoir, sautoire, sautoires, sautoirs, semiautobiographical, semiautomatic, semiautomatically, semiautomatics, semiautonomous, tautog, tautogs, tautological, tautologically, tautologies, tautologous, tautologously, tautology, tautomer, tautomeric, tautomerism, tautomerisms, tautomers, tautonym, tautonymies, tautonyms, tautonymy, unautomated. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Auto" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: aao, Aata, Abuko, abuti, acto, acubol, aduti, afto, ahta, ahto, Aito, Aitor, Aituc, ajut, ajute, Akulov, aluco, aluo, amut, antfo, Anto, aoo, aote, Aotrou, arute, asto, Atko, ato, atoa, atog, atoh, atoo, atou, atow, atox, atoy, atoz, Attoh, Attow, atu, atub, Atubo, atue, atui, Atul, atuz, Audo, Augt, aulo, Aultroy, aunto, auo, auro, Austoft, aut, auta, autar, Autel, autem, Auten, Auti, Autif, autodoc, autoi, Auton, autor, autox, avto, Ayut, caduto, Dauto, guto, juto, luto, ruto, Sautoy, uto, Zakuti. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Top     

Rhyming with "Auto"

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "auto" (pronounced ô"tō)
2	-t ō	alto, Bonito, burrito, canto, concerto, crypto, Dato, ditto, ghetto, incognito, keto, koto, lento, libretto, Lotto, memento, mosquito, motto, mulatto, palmetto, pronto, quarto, Roto, Santo, stiletto, telephoto, veto, vibrato.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Top     

Anagrams: Auto

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "a-o-t-u"
	-1 letter: oat, out, tao, tau, uta.
	-2 letters: at, ta, to, ut.
	Words containing the letters "a-o-t-u"
	+1 letter: about, autos, quota.
	+2 letters: agouti, agouty, amount, author, autoed, coteau, fugato, layout, loquat, mahout, nougat, outact, outadd, outage, outask, outate, outeat, outgas, outlaw, outlay, outman, outran, outsat, outsaw, outwar, payout, quarto, quotas, quotha, ragout, rubato, tabour, tautog, torula, toucan, turaco, utopia.
	+3 letters: abought, account, acetous, agoutis, aliquot, amounts, astound, auction, auditor, authors, autobus, autoing, automan, automen, autopsy, backout, bailout, boatful, bumboat, buoyant, butanol, caution, conatus, coteaus, coteaux, courant, couteau, curator, equator, fadeout, faitour, fallout, fatuous, fugatos, grayout, gunboat, handout, hangout, hautboy, layouts, locusta, loquats, mahouts, manitou, mulatto, nougats, opuntia, outacts, outadds, outages, outasks, outback, outbake, outbark, outbawl, outbeam, outbrag, outcast, outdare, outdate, outdrag, outdraw, outearn, outeats, outface, outfall, outfast, outfawn, outgain, outgave, outgnaw, outhaul, outhear, outlaid, outlain, outland, outlast, outlaws, outlays, outleap, outmans, outpace, outpass, outplan, outplay, outpray, outrace, outrage, outrang, outrank, outrate, outrave, outread, outroar, outsail, outsang, outsoar, outspan, outstay, outswam, outtake, outtalk, outtask, outwait, outwalk, outward, outwars, outwash, outwear, ovulate, pantoum, payouts, pomatum, quartos, ragouts, rainout, readout, robusta, romaunt, rotunda, rubatos, santour, sautoir, sfumato, soutane, subatom, surcoat, tabouli, tabours, takeout, talcous, tambour, tatouay, tautogs, tinamou, toluate, tonneau, torulae, torulas, toucans, touraco, tugboat, tumoral, turacos, turacou, upcoast, utopian, utopias, walkout, washout.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Top     

INDEX

1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern

5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art

9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Quotations: Speeches 12. Usage Frequency

13. Names: Company Usage 14. Cities 15. Expressions 16. Expressions: Internet

17. Translations: Modern 18. Bible Trace 19. Abbreviations 20. Acronyms

21. Derivations 22. Rhymes 23. Anagrams 24. Bibliography

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.