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Definition: At |
AtNoun1. A highly unstable radioactive element (the heaviest of the halogen series); a decay product of uranium and thorium. 2. 100 at equal 1 kip. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "At" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
Etymology: At \At\, preposition [Anglo-Saxon [ae]t; akin to Old High German az, Goth., OS., & Icelandic at, Swedish [*a]t, Danish & Latin ad.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | AT IBM PC AT at 1. |
Electrical Engineering | A modem control language for asynchronous dial-up modems. Source: European Union. (references) |
Literature | At Strain at a gnat (Matt. xxiii. 24) Greek, di-aulizo, to strain off. Here "at" is an error, probably in the first instance typographical, for "out." "Out" is given in the Bible of 1603, and has been restored by the Revisers. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Tips from 1870 | Usage: At, To. Never use the vulgar expression, "He is to home." Say at home. Source: Slips of Speech. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Astatine is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol At and atomic number 85. This radioactive element occurs naturally from uranium and thorium decay and is the heaviest of the halogens.
General Name, Symbol, Number Astatine, At, 85 Series Halogens Group, Period, Block 17 (VIIA), 6 , p Density, Hardness no data, no data Appearance metallic Atomic Properties Atomic weight [210] amu Atomic radius no data Covalent radius 127 pm van der Waals radius no data Electron configuration [Xe]44f14 5d10 6s2 6p5 e- 's per energy level 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7 Oxidation states (Oxide) ±1,3,5,7 (unknown) Crystal structure no data Physical Properties State of matter solid Melting point 575 K (576 °F) Boiling point no data Molar volume no data Heat of vaporization no data Heat of fusion 114 kJ/mol Vapor pressure no data Speed of sound no data Miscellaneous Electronegativity 2.2 (Pauling scale) Specific heat capacity no data Electrical conductivity no data Thermal conductivity 1.7 W/(m*K) 1st ionization potential 20 kJ/mol Most Stable Isotopes
iso NA half-life DM DE MeV DP 210At 100% 8.1 h Epsilon
Alpha3.981
5.631210Po
206BiSI units & STP are used except where noted.
Notable Characteristics
This highly radioactive element has been confirmed by mass spectrometers to behave chemically much like other halogens, especially iodine (it probably accumulates in the thyroid gland like iodine). Astatine is thought to be more metallic than iodine. Researchers at the Brookhaven National Laboratory have performed experiments that have identified and measured elementary reactions that involve astatine.The total amount of astatine in the earth's crust is estimated to be less than 1 oz (28 g) at any one time.
History
Astatine (Greek astatos meaning "unstable") was first synthesized in 1940 by Dale Corson, K.R. MacKenzie, and Emilio Segre of the University of California by barraging bismuth with alpha particles.Occurrence
Astatine is produced by bombarding bismuth with energetic alpha particles to obtain relatively long-lived At-209 - At-211, which can then be distilled from the target by heating in the presence of air.Isotopes
Astatine has about 20 known isotopes, all of which are radioactive; the longest-lived isotope is 210At which has a half-life of only 8.3 hours. Astatine is a halogen and possibly accumulates in the thyroid like iodine.
External Links
- WebElements.com - Astatine
- EnvironmentalChemistry.com - Astatine
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Astatine."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
AT or at may stand for:
See also: wiktionary:at
- acceptance test
- Advanced Technology, in IBM PC AT
- aero triangulation
- alimentary tract
- anti-terrorism (see also: counter-terrorism)
- astatine (At), chemical symbol for the chemical element
- at
- commercial at: the punctuation symbol "@", now principally used in e-mail addresses.
- ATtention, part of the Hayes AT command set for modems
- at (Unix command) to schedule tasks to be performed at a later date
- audit trail
- Austria (ISO country code)
- automatic transmission
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "AT."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Theatcommand is used to schedule commands to be executed once at a particular time in the future. More precisely, it reads a series of commands from standard input and collects them into one "at-job" which is carried out at a later date. It is found in the Unix family of operating systems and other flavors as well.
atcan be made to mail a user when done carrying out a scheduled job of theirs, can use more than one job queue, and can read a list of jobs to carry out from a file instead of standard input.It uses a daemon,
atd, which waits in the background periodically checking the list of jobs to do and executing those at their allotted time on behalf ofat. It can be made to only run scheduled jobs if the system's load average is below a certain value.
See also
- cron (runs scheduled tasks at regular intervals)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "At (Unix command)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Republic of Austria is a landlocked country in Central Europe, a federation of 9 states.
Austria is bordered by Liechtenstein and Switzerland in the west, Italy and Slovenia in the south, Hungary and Slovakia in the east, and Germany and the Czech Republic in the north.
Republik Österreich
(In Detail) (Full size) ''National motto: None'' Official language German Capital Vienna President Thomas Klestil Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel Area
- Total
- % waterRanked 112nd
83,858 km²
1.3%Population
- Total (2000)
- DensityRanked 86th
8,150,835
97/km²Independence
- DateJuly 27, 1955 Currency Euro¹, Austrian euro coins Time zone UTC +1 National anthem Land der Berge, Land am Strome Internet TLD .AT Calling Code 43 (1) Prior to 1999: Austrian schilling
History
Main article: History of AustriaAfter being conquered by the Romans, Huns, Lombards, Ostrogoths, Bavarians and Franks, Austria came under the rule of the Babenbergs from the 10th to the 13th century, which were succeeded by the Habsburgs. The line of this family continued to govern Austria until the 20th century.
After the abolition of the Holy Roman Empire, Austria became part of the double-monarchy Austria-Hungary in 1867. This nation was split up after being on the losing side of World War I, forming Austria as it is today. Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in 1938 (the "Anschluss").
The Allies occupied Austria at the end of World War II until 1955, when the country again became fully independent under the condition that it remained neutral. However, after the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, Austria became increasingly involved in European affairs, and in 1995, Austria joined the European Union, and the euro monetary system in 1999.
Politics
Main article: Politics of AustriaHead of state is the president, who is elected every 6 years by popular vote. The president chooses the chancellor, traditionally the leader of the largest party in the elections for parliament. The Austrian parliament consists of two chambers, the Bundesrat (federal council), which consists of 64 representatives of the states, based on population, and the Nationalrat (national council), which has 183 directly elected members.
After three decades of social-democratic majority (SPÖ) a right-wing coalition was formed in 2000, consisting of the conservative People's Party (ÖVP) and the right-wing Freedom Party (FPÖ). However, after some turmoil within the FPÖ concerning party policy and leadership, Federal Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel (ÖVP) announced on September 9, 2002 that general elections would be held prematurely at the end of November. In the elections of November 24, 2002, the ÖVP won a landslide victory (42.3% of the vote), whereas the FPÖ was reduced to a mere 10.1%.
The new Austrian parliament (Nationalrat, 183 seats) will be made up as follows:
On February 28, 2003, the coalition between the ÖVP and the FPÖ has been continued, again with Wolfgang Schüssel (ÖVP) as Federal Chancellor. His Vice Chancellor was Herbert Haupt (FPÖ) until replaced by Hubert Gorbach (FPÖ) on October 20, 2003. Prior to that, long-lasting "probing talks" ("Sondierungsgespräche") took place between the ÖVP and the other major parties FPÖ, SPÖ and the Green Party.
- 79 seats ÖVP (Austrian People's Party) (42.3% of the vote)
- 69 seats SPÖ (Austrian Social Democratic Party) (36.51%)
- 18 seats FPÖ (Austrian Freedom Party) (10.1%)
- 17 seats Die Grünen (Austrian Green Party) (9.47%)
States
Main article: States of Austria
Map
A federal republic, Austria is divided into nine states, or Bundesländer. These are:
- Burgenland
- Carinthia
- Lower Austria
- Salzburg
- Styria
- Tyrol
- Upper Austria
- Vienna
- Vorarlberg
Geography
Main article: Geography of AustriaBeing situated in the Alps, Austria's west and south are mountainous making Austria a well-known winter sports destination. The highest mountain is the Grossglockner, at 3,798 m. The north and east of the country are mostly rolling terrain. The climate is temperate, with cold winters and cool summers.
The main cities are capital Vienna, situated on the Danube, Salzburg, Innsbruck, Graz and Linz.
Economy
Main article: Economy of AustriaAustria, with its well-developed market economy and high standard of living, is closely tied to other European Union economies, especially Germany's. Membership in the EU has drawn an influx of foreign investors attracted by Austria's access to the single European market and proximity to EU aspirant economies. Slowing growth in Germany and elsewhere in the world slowed the economy to only 1.2% growth in 2001. To meet increased competition from both EU and Central European countries, Austria will need to emphasize knowledge-based sectors of the economy, continue to deregulate the service sector, and lower its tax burden.
An Austrian town (Kaprun, 786 metres, 2580 feet) in the state of Salzburg
Larger version
Holidays Date English Name Local Name Remarks January 1 New Year's Day Neujahr January 6 Epiphany Epiphanie Heilige Drei Könige Moveable Easter Sunday Ostersonntag Good Friday work-free for Protestants Moveable Easter Monday Ostermontag May 1 Staatsfeiertag also, Labour day Moveable Ascension Christi Himmelfahrt Thursday 40 days after Easter Moveable Pentecost Pfingstsonntag Moveable Whit Monday Pfingstmontag Moveable Corpus Christi Fronleichnam Thursday 11 days after Pentecost August 15 Assumption of Mary Mariae Himmelfahrt October 26 National day Nationalfeiertag Law on neutrality passed in 1955 November 1 All Saints Allerheiligen December 8 Immaculate Conception Mariae Empfängnis December 25 Christmas Christtag, Weihnachten December 26 Boxing Day Stephanitag
Miscellaneous topics
Much of the material in these articles comes from the CIA World Factbook 2000 and the 2003 U.S. Department of State website.
- List of Austrians
- Communications in Austria
- Transportation in Austria
- Military of Austria
- Foreign relations of Austria
- Austria/Language
- Tourism in Austria
- Stamps and postal history of Austria
External links
- Worldwide Press Freedom Index - Rank 26 out of 139 countries (3 way tie)
- Library of Congress Portals on the World - Austria
- The Symbols of Austria
European Union:
Austria | Belgium | Denmark | Finland | France | Germany | Greece | Ireland
Italy | Luxembourg | Netherlands | Portugal | Spain | Sweden | United KingdomCountries acceding to membership on May 1, 2004:
Cyprus | Czech Republic | Estonia | Hungary | Latvia | Lithuania | Malta | Poland | Slovakia | Slovenia
Countries of the world | Europe | Council of Europe
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Austria."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The IBM PC (Personal Computer) is a trade mark of IBM.Due to the success of the IBM PC, the generic term Personal Computer became common for all microcomputers compatible with IBM's specification (see IBM PC compatible). The term is sometimes extended to mean all microcomputers.
- For a discussion of generic "Personal Computers", see personal computer.
- For details of the first generation of microcomputers that largely died out with the Personal Computer revolution, see home computers.
The IBM PC Concept
The original PC was an IBM attempt to get into the home computer market then dominated by the Apple II.
Rather than going through the usual IBM design process, which had already failed to design an affordable microcomputer (for example the failed IBM 5100), a special team were assembled to bypass normal company restrictions and get soemthing to market rapidly. The project was given the code name Project Chess.
The team consisted of just 12 people headed by William Lowe. They succeeded - development of the PC took about a year. To achieve this they first decided to build the machine with "off-the-shelf" parts from a variety of different Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM)s and countries. Previously IBM had developed their own components. Second they decided on an open architecture so that other manufacturers could produce and sell compatible machines - the IBM PC compatibles, so the specification of the ROM BIOS was published. IBM hoped to maintain their position in the market by royalties from licencing the BIOS, and by keeping ahead of the competition.
Unfortunately for IBM, other manufacturers rapidly reverse engineered the BIOS to produce their own royalty-free versions. (Compaq Computer Corporation manufactured the first cloned IBM PC compatible in 1984). And once the IBM PC became a commercial success the PC came back under 'normal' IBM mangement control, with the result that competitors had little trouble taking the lead from them.
Commercial Success
The first IBM PC was released on August 12 1981. Although not cheap, at a base price of $1,565 it was affordable for businesses - and it was business that purchased the PC. However it was not the corporate "computer department" that was responsible for this, for the PC was not seen as a 'proper' computer. It was generally well educated middle mangers that saw the potential - once the revolutionary VisiCalc spreadsheet, the "killer app", had been ported to the PC. Reassured by the IBM name, they began buying the machines on their own budgets to help do the calculations they had learned at business school. The personal computer revolution was born.
IBM PC Models
The models of IBM's first-generation Personal Computer (PC) series have names:
The models of its second generation, the Personal System/2 (PS/2), are known by model number: Model 25, Model 30. Within each series, the models are also commonly referenced by their CPU clock rate.
- The original PC had a version of BASIC in ROM. The CGA (Colour Graphics Adapter) video card could use a standard TV for display. The standard storage device was cassette tape. Floppy disk was an optional extra; no hard disk was available. It had only five expansion slots; maximum memory using IBM parts was 256 K, 64 on the main board and three 64 K expansion cards. The processor was an Intel 8088 running at 4.77 MHz.
- The original PC failed miserably in the home market, but was widely used in business. The PC XT was an enhanced machine designed for business use. It had 8 expansion slots and a 10 megabyte hard disk. It could take 256 K of memory on the main board. It was usually sold with an MDA (Monochrome Display Adapter). The processor was still a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 and the expansion bus still 8-bit ISA with XT bus architecture.
- The PC AT, announced August 1984, used an Intel 80286 processor, originally at 6 MHz. It had a 16-bit ISA bus and 20MB harddrive. A faster model, running at 8 MHz, was introduced in 1986. IBM made some attempt at marketing it as a multi-user machine, but it sold mainly as a faster PC for power users. Early PC/ATs were plagued with reliability problems, mostly related to the internal 20 MB hard drive. While some people blamed IBM's controller card and others blamed the hard drive manufacturer (Computer Memories International, or CMI), the IBM controller card worked fine with other drives, including CMI's 33-megabyte model. The problems introduced doubt about the computer and, for a while, even about the 286 architecture in general, but after IBM replaced the 20-megabyte CMI drives, the PC/AT proved reliable and became a lasting industry standard. CMI quickly went out of business.
- IBM Convertible
- IBM Portable
- IBM PCjr.
All IBM personal computers are software compatible with each other in general, but not every program will work in every machine. Some programs are time sensitive to a particular speed class. Older programs will not take advantage of newer higher-resolution display standards.
Technology
Electronics
The main circuit board in an IBM PC is called the motherboard. This carries the CPU and memory, and has a bus with slots for expansion cards.The bus used in the original PC became very popular, and was subsequently named ISA. It is in use to this day in computers for industrial use. Later, requirements for higher speed and more capacity forced the development of new versions. The EISA was developed as a backward compatible standard, but due to high complexity and medium performance it dod not really catch on. Instead, the more specialized PCI or AGP busses are now used for expansion cards.
The motherboard is connected by cables to internal storage devices such as hard disks, floppy disks and CD-ROM drives. These tend to be made in standard sizes, such as 3.5" (88.9 mm) and 5.25" (133.4 mm) widths, with standard fixing holes. The case also contains a standard power supply unit (PSU) which is either an AT or ATX standard size.
Intel 8086 and 8088-based PCs require EMS (expanded memory) boards to work with more than one megabyte of memory. The original IBM PC AT used an Intel 80286 processor which can access up to 16 megabytes of memory (though standard MS-DOS applications cannot use more than one megabyte without EMS). Intel 80286-based computers running under OS/2 can work with the maximum memory.
Keyboard
The original 1981 IBM PC's keyboard was severely criticised by typists for its non-standard placement of the return and left shift keys. In 1984, IBM corrected this on its AT keyboard, but shortened the backspace key, making it harder to reach. In 1987, it introduced its enhanced keyboard, which relocated all the function keys and placed the control key in an awkward location for touch typists. The escape key was relocated to the opposite side of the keyboard. By relocating the function keys, IBM made it impossible for software vendors to use them intelligently. What's easy to reach on one keyboard is difficult on the other, and vice versa. To the touch typist, these deficiencies are maddening.An "IBM PC compatible" may have a keyboard which does not recognize every key combination a true IBM PC does, e.g. shifted cursor keys. In addition, the "compatible" vendors sometimes use proprietary keyboard interfaces, preventing you from replacing the keyboard.
See also: Keyboard layout
Character set
The original IBM PC used the 7 bit ASCII alphabet as the basis, but in addition this was extended to am 8 bit somewhat haphazardly collected set of characters unique for the IBM PC. This set was not really suitable for international use, and soon a veritable cottage industry emerged providing variants of the original character set in various national variants. In IBM tradition, these variants were called code pages. These codings are now obsolete, being replaced by more well thought out schemes for character coding, like the ISO 8859-1 and Unicode.
Storage media
Technically, the standard storage medium for the original IBM PC model 5150 was a cassette port. Being pretty much obsolete even by 1981 standards, very few, if any, IBM PC probably left the factory without a floppy disk drive installed. The 1981 PC had one or two 360 kilobyte 5 1/4 inch single sided double density floppy disk drives.In 1984, IBM introduced the 1.2 megabyte dual sided floppy disk along with its AT model. Although often used as backup storage, the high density floppy was not often used for interchangeability. In 1986, IBM introduced the 720 kilobyte 3.5" microfloppy disk on its Convertible laptop computer. It introduced the 1.44 megabyte double density version with the PS/2 line. These disk drives could be added to existing older model PCs.
The first IBM PC that included a fixed, non-removable, hard disks was the XT. Hard disks for IBM compatibles are now available with very large storage capacities. If a hard disk is added that is not compatible with the existing disk controller, a new controller board must be plugged in. However, one disk's internal standard does not conflict with another, since all programs and data must be copied onto it to begin with.
PC range Model name Introduced CPU Features PC Aug 1981 8088 Floppy disk system XT Mar 1983 8088 Slow hard disk XT/370 Oct 1983 8088 IBM 370 mainframe emulation 3270 PC Oct 1983 8088 With 3270 terminal emulation PCjr Nov 1983 8088 Floppy-based home computer PC Portable Feb 1984 8088 Floppy-based portable AT Aug 1984 286 Medium-speed hard disk Convertible Apr 1986 8088 Microfloppy laptop portable XT 286 Sep 1986 286 Slow hard disk
PS/2 range Model Introduced CPU Features 25 August 1987 8086 PC bus (limited expansion) 30 April 1987 8086 PC bus 30 August 1987 286 PC bus 50 April 1987 286 Micro Channel Architecture bus 50Z June 1988 286 Faster Model 50 55 SX May 1989 386SX MCA bus 60 April 1987 286 MCA bus 70 June 1988 386 Desktop, MCA bus P70 May 1989 386 Portable, MCA bus 80 April 1987 386 Tower, MCA bus
IBM PC compatible specifications CPU Clock
speed
(MHz)CPU
bus
width (bits)System
Bus
width (bits)RAM
(megabytes)Floppy
disk driveHard drive
(megabytes)Operating
System8088 4.77-9.5 16 8 1 (1) 5.25, 360K
3.5, 720K
3.5, 1.44M10-40 DOS 8086 6-12 16 20-60 286 6-25 1-8 (1) 5.25, 360K
5.25, 1.2MB20-300 DOS, OS/2 386 16-33 32 32 1-16 (2) 3.5, 720K
3.5, 1.44MB40-600 UNIX 386SX 16
This article was originally based on material (IBM PC) from FOLDOC, used with permission. Update as needed.
- Under DOS, RAM is expanded beyond 1M with EMS memory boards
- Under DOS, RAM is expanded beyond 1M with normal "extended" memory and a memory management program.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "IBM PC."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
List of people by name: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z Aa - Ab - Ac - Ad - Ae - Af - Ag - Ah - Ai - Aj - Ak - Al - Am - An - Ao - Ap - Aq - Ar - As - At - Au - Av - Aw - Ax - Ay - Az
- Atalay, Erdogan, actor
- Atanasoff, John Vincent, (1903-1995)
- Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal, (1881-1938), Turkish leader
- Atchison, David Rice, (August 11, 1807-1886), USA President for a day?
- Atef, Mohammed, alleged Al-Qaida terrorist
- Atget, Eugène, photographer
- Athanasios II of Alexandria, (489-496), Coptic Pope
- Athanasios of Alexandria, (1250-1261), Coptic Pope
- Athanasius II of Alexandria, Patriarch of Alexandria
- Athanasius III of Alexandria, Patriarch of Alexandria
- Athanasius III, Patriarch, patriarch of Constantinople
- Athanasius II, Patriarch, patriarch of Constantinople
- Athanasius I, Patriarch, patriarch of Constantinople
- Athanasius IV of Alexandria, Patriarch of Alexandria
- Athanasius IV, Patriarch, patriarch of Constantinople
- Athanasius of Alexandria, (328-373), Coptic Pope, Patriarch of Alexandria
- Athanasius V, Patriarch, patriarch of Constantinople
- Athelgar, Archbishop of Canterbury
- Atheling, Edgar, English monarch
- Athelm, (died 923), Archbishop of Canterbury
- Athelstan of England, (924-939), English monarch
- Athenagoras, Patriarch, (1886-1972), patriarch of Constantinople
- Athendodorus, patriarch of Constantinople
- Athendodorus, Patriarch, patriarch of Constantinople
- Atherton, Gertrude, The Conqueror
- Atiyah, Michael Francis, mathematician
- Atkins, Chet, (1924-2001), composer, musician
- Atkins, Norman K, Canadian senator
- Atkinson, Bill, Macintosh Finder, HyperCard
- Atkinson, Rowan, (born 1955), British comedian of Blackadder, The Thin Blue Line and Mr. Bean fame
- Atkov, Oleg, astronaut
- Atlan, Jean-Michel, painter
- Atlas, Natacha, (born 1964), singer
- Atsumi, Kiyoshi, (1929-1996)
- Atta, Mohammed, (1968-2001), alleged Al-Qaida terrorist from Egypt
- Attar, (c. 1130-c. 1230), poet
- Attar-Kittakh, (c. 1310-c. 1300 BCE)
- Attel, Dave, comedian
- Attell, Abe, (1885-1970), world champion boxer
- Attenborough, Richard, (born 1923), British actor, director
- Atterbom, Per Daniel Amadeus, Swedish writer
- Atticus, patriarch of Constantinople
- Atticus, Cosmas, patriarch of Constantinople
- Atticus, Patriarch, patriarch of Constantinople
- Attila the Hun, (A.D. 406?-453), King of the Huns
- Attlee, Clement, (1883-October 8, 1967), British prime minister
- Attucks, Crispus, (1723-1770), killed in Boston Massacre
- Atwood, Margaret, (born 1939), Canadian author of The Handmaid's Tale (1985), Alias Grace, Surfacing
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "List of people by name: At."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The IBM PC/AT was IBM's third-generation personal computer, designed around the Intel 80286 microprocessor and released in 1984. Because the AT used various technologies that were rare at the time in personal computers, the name AT originally stood for 'advanced technology. See also IBM PC.IBM's efforts to trademark the name AT largely failed, and numerous clones appeared. "AT" eventually became a standard term referring either to any computer utilizing a 286 processor or better, or, especially after the release of Intel's ATX specification, for motherboards whose size and screw positions approximated those of IBM's original standard power supplies that could plug into them, and cases that could house them.
The AT architecture was an ad hoc standard, and while the power supplies and motherboards that fit in one AT case usually fit another, the specifications were not universal and there were sometimes physical incompatibilities.
A so-called "AT keyboard" refers to a computer keyboard with a full-size 5-pin DIN connector compatible with the original PC/AT, as opposed to the later-style PS/2 6-pin mini-DIN connector.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "PC/AT."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
AT | Danish | Østrig | Geography |
at | Dutch | Atmosfeer absoluut | N/A |
at | English | Absolute atmosphere | N/A |
AT | Finnish | Itävalta | Geography |
AT | French | Elément assistance technique | N/A |
AT | German | Republik Österreich | Geography, Law |
AT | Greek | Αυστρία | Geography |
AT | Italian | Repubblica d'Austria | N/A |
AT | Portuguese | Alta tensão | N/A |
AT | Spanish | República de Austria | Geography |
AT | Swedish | Österrike | Geography |
| AT Vehicle | English | All Terrain Vehicle | Transportation |
| AT.VOL | German | Atomvolumen | N/A |
| At. | Italian | Atomico | Physics |
| ATLANTIC | English | Advanced Television at Low Bitrates and Networked Transmission over Integrated Communication Systems | Computing |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: AtSynonyms: astatine (n), atomic number 85 (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Expectation | Verb: expect; look for, look out for, look forward to; hope for; anticipate; have in prospect, have in contemplation; keep in view; contemplate, promise oneself; not wonder; at, not wonder if. |
Sociality | Party, entertainment, reception, levee, at, home, conversazione, soiree, matin_e; evening party, morning party, afternoon party, bridge party, garden party, surprise party; kettle, kettle drum; partie carr_e, dish of tea, ridotto, rout; housewarming; ball, festival; smoker, smoker-party;sociable, stag party, hen party, tamasha; tea-party, tea-fight. (amusement); " the feast of reason and the flow of soul ". |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: At |
| Non-English Usage: "At" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Danish (that, to, to for infinitive), Faeroese (that), Latin (but, but. (more emphatic and emotional than sed), however, nevertheless, yet), Portuguese (Austria, high tension, high voltage, HiVO, Republic of Austria), Scottish (become tumid, becoming tumid, puff up, swell), Serbo-Croatian (horse), Tagalog (and), Turkish (equine, gee, gee-gee, hack, horse, knight, Steed), Turkmen (first name, horse), Welsh (at, by, for, to, toward, towards), Wolof (year). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | What? Three months at Gitmo, and you've never had a meal (A Few Good Men; writing credit: Aaron Sorkin) Jeez you don't have to laugh at me. (American Pie; writing credit: Adam Herz) At three o'clock in the afternoon (A Time to Kill; writing credit: Akiva Goldsman) Your father and I were just discussing his day at work (American Beauty; writing credit: Alan Ball) Look at his sweater (A Hard Day's Night; writing credit: Alun Owen) | |
Lyrics | Out of nothing at all. (Making Love Out Of Nothing At All; performing artist: Air Supply) I KNOW, I KNOW, I KNOW WHERE IT'S AT (I Know Where It's At; performing artist: All Saints) Maybe I should drop you at your door (At The Stars; performing artist: Better Than Ezra) Right at your feet (World At Your Feet; performing artist: Fabian) It was love at 1st sight (Love At First Sight; performing artist: Kylie Minogue) | |
Clever | Man was made at the end of the week's work when God was tired. (references; author: Mark Twain) If you watch a game, it's fun. If you play it, it's recreation. If you work at it, it's golf. (references; author: Bob Hope) Envy shoots at others and wounds herself. (references; author: Swedish Proverb) When a mouse laughs at a cat, there's usually a hole nearby. (references; author: Arabian Proverb) Be good or be good at it! (references; author: unknown) | |
Tongue Twisters | Do drop in at the Dewdrop Inn. (references; author: unknown) Gertie's great-grandma grew aghast at Gertie's grammar. (references; author: unknown) Peter poked a poker at the piper, so the piper poked pepper at Peter. (references; author: unknown) Sherman shops at cheap chop suey shops. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Eloise at the Plaza (2003) Sessions at West 54th (1997) On the Come Up at the Source Awards (2001) At the Time of Whaling (1974) | |
Song Titles | AT THE TOP OF THE STAIRS (performing artist: Formations ) Party at the End of the Universe (performing artist: Honey Would You Be Meshuga Tonite?) Where's the Party At (performing artist: Jagged Edge) WHERE THE PART AT (performing artist: JAGGED EDGE W/NELLY) AT SEVENTEEN (performing artist: Janis Ian ) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books |
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Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | A 10 year-old white girl is pictured here with her father in a swimming pool. She was diagnosed at age three with a form of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) that did not respond to therapy. She is presently in long-term remission after an experimental bone marrow transplant was performed. She now suffers from chronic GVH (Graft Versus Host Disease) which is rare. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |  | A 9 year-old white child is pictured here in a home setting chatting with her mother. The girl is a long-term survivor of massive abdominal surgery at age 3 for neuroblastoma. She is presently disease-free. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |
 | Dissected rat showing evidence of echinococcosis due to Echinococcus multilocularis in organs at 45 days. Gross pathology. Credit: CDC. |  | This genus is characterized by the absence of a siphon, and the presence of palmate hairs. Palmate, or float hairs are present on at least some of the larva's abdominal segments. Credit: CDC. |
 | "Tsunami at the Shore Simulation" (movie) by Сергей Бирюков (Sergei Biryukov). |  | FAST CTAS system operation trials at Dallas/FT Worth. Credit: NASA. |
 | Pioneer at TRW. Credit: NASA. |  | New Animation Depicts Changs in Antarctic Ice Sheet For the first time, scientists at NASA have generated a computer model depicting changes in the Antarctic ice sheet since the peak of the last ice age - nearly 20,000 years ago. The West Antarctic ice. Credit: NASA. |
 | Rocket on Launcher at Wallops Island. Credit: NASA. |  | Saturn V Stage at Michould Assembly Facility. Credit: NASA. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Pelican at Healesville Sanctua" by Lauren Sims Commentary: "Pelican." | "Xmas at city council, Valencia" by Marcos Rodriguez Lopez Commentary: "The pic was taken at city council of Valencia in Spain., 24th December of 2002. Obviously was Xmas. Merry Xmas everyone!." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption | Play | Caption |
 | Clarinet solo over a string drone with a hammered dulcimer at the end. | | Crowd noise at a gamelan festival with dancing. |
| Robust chorale for piano featuring a typical cadence at the end. | | Chimpanzee screaming at animal. |
| Two motorcycles racing at high speed. | | Lear jet flying past at a low altitude. |
| Drum roll at the circus. | | Conversations at a party. |
| Chimpanzee screaming at animal. | | Birds chirping at dawn. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Alexander Pope | At every word a reputation dies. |
Daniel Webster | Wisdom begins at the end. |
| The past at least is secure. | |
George Burns | At my age flowers scare me. |
Jacob Boehme | You are at enmity with yourself. |
John Milton | At shut of evening flowers. |
Ralph Waldo Emerson | We never touch but at points. |
| We boil at different degrees. | |
| Every hero becomes a bore at last. | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Magna Carta | 1215 | No village or individual shall be compelled to make bridges at river banks, except those who from of old were legally bound to do so. (reference) |
John Locke | 1690 | At sunt paucorum generum commissa ejusmodi quae hunc effectum pariunt. (Second Treatise of Government) |
US Declaration of Independence | 1776 | He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. (reference) |
US Constitution | 1791 | Clause 3: The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. (reference) |
US Bill of Rights | 1795 | Amendment VII. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. (reference) |
Amendment to US Constitution | 1795-1996 | But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age,* and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. (reference) |
Marbury v. Madison | 1803 | It is prescribing limits, and declaring that those limits may be passed at pleasure. (reference) |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communistic revolution. (reference) |
The Emancipation Proclamation | 1862 | "That the executive will on the 1st day of January aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and parts of States, if any, in which the people thereof, respectively, shall then be in rebellion against the United States; and the fact that any State or the people thereof shall on that day be in good faith represented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto at elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such States shall have participated shall, in the absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State and the people thereof are not then in rebellion against the United States." (Abraham Lincoln) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The High Commissioner shall reside at Danzig. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | Emma was quite at a loss |
Through the Looking-Glass | Carroll, Lewis | She looked at the Queen, who seemed to have suddenly wrapped herself up in wool |
A Christmas Carol | Dickens, Charles | At length it broke upon his listening ear. |
Life, the Universe and Everything | Douglas Adams | Ford was practicing being sullen and getting quite good at it. |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | She looked also at her slumbering child |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | An omnibus with two white horses passed at the end of the street |
Cymon and Iphigenia | John Dryden | Love taught him shame; and shame, with love at strife, Soon taught the sweet civilities of life |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | At the end of all those billions and trillions of years eternity would have scarcely begun |
Time Enough for Love | Robert Heinlein | It can make you shoot at tax collectors, and miss |
King Richard III | Shakespeare, William | [She spits at him] Why dost thou spit at me |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | A new look at old links. (references) | |
Use a humidifier at night. (references) | ||
Everyone feels sleepy at times. (references) | ||
Business | He is currently at Harvard University. (references) | |
Other services are taxed at 20.6 percent. (references) | ||
The IVA is recovered at the point of sale. (references) | ||
Children | Maldives | This law was being implemented at year's end. (references) |
Rwanda | At least 85,000 households are headed by children. (references) | |
Malaysia | Actual attendance at primary school is 96 percent. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Turkey | His trial continued at year's end. (references) |
Malaysia | His case was pending at year's end. (references) | |
Panama | Rodriguez still works at La Prensa. (references) | |
Discrimination | Brazil | The others had not yet been tried at year's end. (references) |
Namibia | During a March 19 speech at the University of Namibia, President Nujoma announced that "the Republic of Namibia does not allow homosexuality or lesbianism here. (references) | |
Papua New Guinea | Skirmishes and conflicts tend to be based on disputes between clans over issues such as boundaries, land ownership, injuries, and insults suffered by one clan at the hands of another; they are not ethnically based. (references) | |
Economic History | Lesotho | The Loti is at par with the Rand. (references) |
Nepal | Elections: At least every 5 years. (references) | |
Senegal | E-Commerce is at its early stages. (references) | |
Human Rights | Chile | All were free on bail at year's end. (references) |
Djibouti | He remained at liberty at year's end. (references) | |
Ghana | The hearing was ongoing at year's end. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Colombia | ONIC maintained its suspension of dialog with the Government at year's end. (references) |
Argentina | Other demographers in recent years have provided estimates of at most 450,000 persons. (references) | |
Ecuador | With few exceptions, indigenous people are at the lowest end of the socioeconomic scale. (references) | |
Minorities | Czech Republic | Her case was pending at year's end. (references) |
United Kingdom | The inquiry continued at year's end. (references) | |
Russia | The law remained in effect at year's end. (references) | |
Political Economy | East Timor | The trial continued at year's end. (references) |
Eritrea | Nominal GNP was estimated at $695 million. (references) | |
FINLAND | Foodstuffs are taxed at a 17 percent rate. (references) | |
Political Rights | Bangladesh | M.P.'s are elected at least every 5 years. (references) |
Hungary | Elections are held at least every 4 years. (references) | |
Turkey | The deputies remained in prison at year's end. (references) | |
Trade | Israel | BIRD has a website at WWW.birdf.com. (references) |
Uruguay | SBA may be contacted at 202-653-7794. (references) | |
Uruguay | OPIC may be contacted at 202-336-8799. (references) | |
Travel | Bahrain | Travel at night is more hazardous. (references) |
Finland | Tuition at univer |
