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Definition: Apollo |
ApolloNoun1. Greek god of light; god of prophesy and poetry and music and healing; son of Zeus and Leto; twin brother of Artemis. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
"Apollo" is a name that signifies or is derived from: "a strength", "a father lion", "a father light", "destroy". |
Date "Apollo" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
Etymology: Apollo \A*pol"lo\, noun. [Latin expression Apollo, -linis, Greek]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Biographical Satire | APOLLO, a handsome ancient who fell in love, posed for his statues, patronized music and poetry, and, finally, had a table water named in his honor. Career: See longer and less respectable biographies. A. was the first person to sing to the accompaniment of a musical instrument, but he was a good singer. Ambition: Paris. Recreation: Music, travel, archery. Address: Greece. Clubs: Athletic, musical. Source: Who was Who: 5000BC - 1914. |
Literature | Apollo The sun, the god of music. (Roman mythology.) "Apollo's angry, and the heavens themselves Do strike at my injustice." Shakespeare: Winter's Tale, iii. 2. A perfect Apollo. A model of manly beauty, referring to the Apollo Belvidere (q.v.). The Apollo of Portugal. Luis Camoëns, author of the Lusiad, so called, not for his beauty, but for his poetry. He was god of poetry in Portugal, but was allowed to die in the streets of Lisbon like a dog, literally of starvation. Our own Otway suffered a similar fate. (1527--1579.). Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Post & Telecom | A series of American manned spacecrafts which took part in the missions flown in the late 60s and early 70s. Source: European Union. (references) |
Space | (project)the US mission to land humans on the Moon and bring them back safely. (references) |
| A class of Earth-crossing asteroid. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
- Alternate uses: Apollo program, for others see Apollo (disambiguation)
Temple of Apollo at Delphi
larger versionApollo ("destroy" or "excite"), is a god in Greek and Roman mythology, the son of Zeus and Leto, and the twin of Artemis (goddess of the hunt). In later times he became equated with Helios, god of the sun, and by proxy his sister was equated with Selene, goddess of the moon. Later, he was known primarily as a solar deity. In Etruscan mythology, he was known as Aplu.
Worship
Apollo was considered to have dominion over the sun, plague, light, healing, colonists, medicine, archery (not for war or hunting), poetry, prophecy, dance, reason, intellectualism and as the patron defender of herds and flocks. Apollo had a famous oracle in Crete and more notable ones in Clarus and Branchidae. As the god of religious healing, Apollo purified those persons guilty of murder or other grievous sins.
Apollo was known as the leader of the Muses ("musagetes") and director of their choir. His attributes included: swans, wolves, dolphins, bows and arrows, a laurel crown, the cithara (or lyre) and plectrum. The tripod is another attribute, representative of his prophetic powers. The Pythian Games were held in his honor every four years at Delphi. Paeans were the name of hymns sung to Apollo.
As god of colonization, Apollo gave guidance on colonies, especially during the height of colonization, 750-550 BC. He helped Cretan or Arcadian colonists found the city of Troy.
Apollo popularly (e.g., in literary criticism) represents harmony, order, and reason - characteristics contrasted by those of Dionysus, god of wine, who popularly represents emotion and chaos. The contrast between the roles of these gods is reflected in the adjectives Apollonian and Dionysian. However, Greeks thought of the two qualities as complementary: the two gods are brothers, and when Apollo at winter left for Hyperborea would leave the Delphi Oracle to Dionysus.
Together with Athena, Apollo (under the name Phevos) is designated as a mascot of the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.
Apollo in Art
In art, Apollo was usually depicted as a handsome young man, often with a lyre or bow in hand.
Appellations
The name Phoebus (also spelled Phevos, Greek for "shining one") was also used for Apollo in the context of the god of light. As Smintheus ("rat") and Parnopius ("grasshopper"), he was the god of the plague and defender against rats and locusts. Due to his connection to dolphins, he was known Delphinios ("dolphin" or "porpoise"), also the source of the place-name Delphi. His title was sometimes Archigetes, ("leader of colonists") or Musagetes ("leader of the muses"). He was known as Pythian Apollo at Delphi; he was also called Apotropaeus ("he who averts evil") and Apollo Nymphegetes ("Apollo who looks after nymphs"). As the protector of flocks from wolves, he was known as Lukeios ("wolf") and as the pastoral shepherd-god, he was Nomius. In addition, "Apollo Clarius" was often used as an epithet, referring to a temple of Apollo in Clarus near Colophon. Apollo Cynthius was another epiphet, stemming from his birth on Mt. Cynthus. As Loxias, Apollo was a god of prophecy specifically. Phoebus ("the radiant one") was an alternate name, because he was a sun god and related to Phoebe.
Birth
When Hera discovered that Leto was pregnant and that Hera's husband, Zeus, was the father, she banned Leto from giving birth on "terra-firma", or the mainland, or any island at sea. She found the floating island of Delos, which was neither mainland nor a real island, and gave birth there. The island was surrounded by swans. As a gesture of gratitude, Delos was secured with four pillars. The island later became sacred to Apollo. Alternatively, Hera kidnapped Ilithyia, the goddess of childbirth, to prevent Leto from going into labor. The other gods forced Hera to let her go. Either way, Artemis was born first and then assisted with the birth of Apollo. Another version states that Artemis was born one day before Apollo, on the island of Ortygia and that she helped Leto cross the sea to Delos the next day to give birth to Apollo.
Youth
As a young man, Apollo killed the vicious dragon Python, which lived in Delphi beside the Castalian Spring, according to some because Python had attempted to rape Leto while she was pregnant with Apollo and Artemis. This was the spring which emitted vapors that caused the Oracle at Delphi to give her prophesies. Apollo killed Python but had to be punished for it, since Python was a child of Gaia.
Apollo and Admetus
As punishment, Apollo was banned from Olympus for nine years. During this time he served as shepherd or cowherd for King Admetus of Pherae in Thessaly. Since Admetus was good to Apollo, the god promised him that when time came for King Admetus to die, another would be allowed to take his place instead. Admetus then fell in love with Alcestis. Her father, though, King Pelias would only give permission if Admetus rode a chariot pulled by lions and boars and other wild animals. Apollo helped Admetus accomplish this, and the pair wed. When time came for Admetus to die, Alcestis agreed to die for him. Heracles intervened and both of the pair were allowed to live.
When he returned after the nine years, Apollo came disguised as a dolphin and brought Cretan priests to help found his cult in Delphi. He also blessed the priestess of the Oracle at Delphi, making it one of the most famous and accurate oracles in Greece. He had other oracles, including Clarus and Branchidae.
Apollo During the Trojan War
Apollo shot arrows infected with the plague into the Greek encampment during the Trojan War.
When Diomedes injured Aeneas during the Trojan War, Apollo rescued him. First, Aphrodite tried to rescue Aeneas but Diomedes injured her as well. Aeneas was then eneveloped in a cloud by Apollo, who took him to Pergamos, a sacred spot in Tory. Artemis healed Aeneas there.
Niobe
A Queen of Thebes and wife of Amphion, Niobe boasted of her superiority to Leto because she had fourteen children (Niobids), seven male and seven female, while Leto had only two. Apollo killed her sons as they practiced athletics, with the last begging for his life and Artemis her daughters. Apollo and Artemis used poisoned arrows to kill them, though according to some versions a number of the Niobids were spared (Chloris, usually). Amphion, at the sight of his dead sons, either killed himself or was killed by Apollo after swearing revenge. A devastated Niobe fled to Mt. Siplyon in Asia Minor and turned into stone as she wept, or committed suicide. Her tears formed the river Achelous. Zeus had turned all the people of Thebes to stone and so no one buried the Niobids until the ninth day after their death, when the gods themselves entombed them.
Apollo's Romantic Life And Children
Heterosexual Relationships
Daphne
Apollo chased the nymph Daphne, daughter of Ladon, who had scorned him. His infatuation was caused by an arrow from Eros, who was jealous because Apollo had made fun of his archery skills. Eros also claimed to be irritated by Apollo's singing. Daphne prayed to the river god Peneus to help her and he changed her into a laurel tree, which became sacred to Apollo.
Leucothea
Apollo had an affair with a mortal princess named Leucothea, daughter of Orchamus and sister of Clytia. Leucothea loved Apollo who disguised himself as Leucothea's mother to gain entrance to her chambers. Clytia, jealous of her sister because she wanted Apollo for herself, told Orchamus the truth, betraying her sister's trust and confidence in her. Enraged, Orchamus ordered Leucothea to be buried alive. Apollo refused to forgive Clytia for betraying his beloved, and a grievous Clytia wilted and slowly died. Apollo changed her into an incense plant, either heliotrope or sunflower, which follows the sun every day.
Marpessa
Marpessa was kidnapped by Idas but loved by Apollo as well. Zeus made her choose between them.
Castalia
Castalia was a nymph whom Apollo loved. She fled from him and dived into the spring at Delphi, at the base of Mt. Parnassos, which was then named after her. Water from this spring was sacred; it was used to clean the Delphian temples and inspire poets.
Cyrene/Aristaeus
By Cyrene, Apollo had a son named Aristaeus, who became the patron god of cattle, fruit trees, hunting, husbandry and bee-keeping. He was also a culture-hero and taught humanity dairy skills and the use of nets and traps in hunting, as well as how to cultivate olives.
Hecuba
With Hecuba, wife of King Priam of Troy, Apollo had a son named Troilius. An oracle prophesied that Troy would not be defeated as long as Troilius reached the age of twenty alive. He and his sister, Polyxena were ambushed and killed by Achilles.
Cassandra
Apollo also fell in love with Cassandra, daughter of Hecuba and Priam, and Troilius' half-sister. He promised Cassandra the gift of prophecy to seduce her, but she rejected him afterwards. Enraged, Apollo cursed her with the ability to know the future but the curse that no one would ever believe her.
Coronis
Coronis, daughter of Phlegyas, King of the Lapiths, was another of Apollo's liasons. Pregnant with Asclepius, Coronis fell in love with Ischys, son of Elatus. A crow informed Apollo of the affair and he sent his sister, Artemis, to kill Coronis. Apollo rescued the baby though and gave it to the centaur Chiron to raise. Phlegyas was irate and torched the Apollonian temple at Delphi and Apollo then killed him.
Homosexual Relationships
Hyacinth
Hyacinth was one of his male lovers. Hyacinth was a Spartan prince, very handsome and athletic. The pair were practicing throwing the discus when Hyacinth was struck by one, blown off course by Zephyrus, who was jealous of Apollo and loved Hyacinth as well. When Hyacinth died, Apollo created the flower from his blood.
Acantha
One of his other liasions was with Acantha, the spirit of the acanthus tree. Upon his death, he was transformed into a sun-loving herb by Apollo, and his bereaved sister, Acanthis, was turned into a thistle finch by the other gods.
Cyparissus
Another male lover was Cyparissus, a descendant of Heracles. Apollo gave the boy a tame deer as a companion but Cyparissus accidentally killed it with a javelin as it lay asleep in the undergrowth. Cyparissus asked Apollo to let his tears fall forever. Apollo turned the sad boy into a cypress tree, which was said to be a sad tree because the sap forms droplets like tears on the trunk.
Apollo and the Birth of Hermes
Hermes was born on Mt. Cyllene in Arcadia. The story is told in the Hymn to Hermes attributed to Homer. His mother, Maia, had been secretly impregnated by Zeus, in a secret affair. Maia wrapped the infant in blankets but Hermes escaped while she was asleep. Hermes ran to Thessaly, where Apollo was grazing his cattle. The infant Hermes stole a number of his cows and took them to a cave in the woods near Pylos, covering their tracks. In the cave, he found a tortoise and killed it, then removed the insides. He used one of the cow's intestines and the tortoise shell and made the first lyre. Apollo complained to Maia that her son had stolen his cattle, but Hermes had already replaced himself in the blankets she had wrapped him in, so Maia refused to believe Apollo's claim. Zeus intervened and claimed to have seen the events, and siding with Apollo. Hermes then began to play music on the lyre he had invented. Apollo, a god of music, fell in love with the instrument and offered to allow exchange the cattle for the lyre. Hence, Apollo became a master of the lyre and Hermes invented a kind of pipes-instrument called a syrinx.
Later, Apollo exchanged a caduceus for a flute from Hermes.
Other Stories
Musical Contests
Pan
Once Pan had the audacity to compare his music with that of Apollo, and to challenge Apollo, the god of the lyre, to a trial of skill. Tmolus, the mountain-god, was chosen to umpire. Pan blew on his pipes, and with his rustic melody gave great satisfaction to himself and his faithful follower, Midas, who happened to be present. Then Apollo struck the strings of his lyre. Tmolus at once awarded the victory to Apollo, and all but Midas agreed with the judgment. He dissented, and questioned the justice of the award. Apollo would not suffer such a depraved pair of ears any longer, and caused them to become the ears of a donkey.
Marsyas
Marsyas was a satyr who challenged Apollo to a contest of music. He had found a flute on the ground, tossed away after being invented by Athena because it made her cheeks puffy. Marsyas lost and was flayed alive in a cave near Calaenae in Phrygia for his hubris to challenge a god. His blood turned into the river Marsyas.
Miscellaneous
When Zeus killed Asclepius for raising the dead and violating the natural order of things, Apollo killed the Cyclopes in response. They had fashioned Zeus' thunderbolts, which he used to kill Apollo's son, Asclepius. Apollo also had a lyre-playing contest with Cinyras, his son, who committed suicide when he lost.
In the Odyssey, Odysseus and his surviving crew landed on an island sacred to Apollo, where he kept sacred cattle. Though Odysseus warned his men not to (as Tiresias had told him), they killed and ate some of the cattle and Apollo destroyed the ship and all the men save Odysseus.
Apollo killed the Aloadae when they attempted to storm Mt. Olympus.
Apollo gave the order, through the Oracle at Delphi, for Orestes to kill his mother, Clytemnestra, and her lover, Aegisthus. Orestes was punished fiercely by the Erinyes for this crime.
It was also said that Apollo rode on the back of a swan to the land of the Hyperboreans during the winter months.
Apollo turned Cephissus into a sea monster.
Consorts/Children
- Male Lovers
- Acantha
- Cyparissus
- Hyacinth
- Female Lovers
- Arsinoe
- Asclepius
- Cassandra
- Calliope
- Linus
- Orpheus
- Chione
- Philammon
- Coronis
- Asclepius
- Cyrene
- Aristaeus
- Daphne
- Dryope
- Amphissus
- Hecuba
- Troilius
- Polyxena
- Leucothea
- Manto
- Mopsus
- Psamathe
- Linus
- Rhoeo
- Anius
- Terpsichore
- Linus
- Unknown Mother
- Cinyras
- Cycnus
- Phemonoe
- Urania
- Linus
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Apollo."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Apollo asteroids are a group of near-Earth asteroids named after 1862 Apollo, The first asteroid of this group to be discovered. They have average orbital diameters greater than that of the Earth. Notice the important condition of "average" orbital diameters. Some Apollos have eccentric orbits that cross the orbit of the Earth, making them a potential threat to our planet.Other well-known Apollo asteroids include 1685 Toro, 1620 Geographos, and 1566 Icarus.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Apollo asteroid."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Apollo Computer was one of the original graphical workstation vendors in the 1980's, along with Sun Microsystems. Both companies used the Motorola 68000 processor to great success in their UNIX-based systems. Apollo's computers used Domain OS, based on BSD UnixIn 1981, it unveiled the DN100 workstation which provided minicomputer performance with high-resolution graphics capabilities. At the end of 1987, it was third in market share after Digital Equipment Corporation and Sun, and ahead of HP and IBM.
It was acquired by HP in May 1989 for US $476 million.
External Links
See also
- Apollo Guidance Computer
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Apollo Computer."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Apollo program was a series of human spaceflight missions undertaken by the United States of America, conducted during the years (1961-1972). It was devoted to the goal of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the earth within the decade of the 1960s. This goal was achieved with the Apollo 11 mission in 1969. The program was extended into the early 1970s to carry out the initial manned scientific exploration of the Moon.
Introduction
The Apollo Program was the third United States crewed spaceflight program, following the Mercury program and the Gemini program. Apollo was originally conceived late in the Eisenhower administration as a follow-on to Mercury for advanced earth-orbital missions. It was dramatically reoriented to an aggressive lunar landing goal by President Kennedy, announced at a special joint session of Congress on May 25, 1961:
- I believe this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to Earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important in the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish. Excerpt from "Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs"
Choosing a Mission Mode
Having settled upon the Moon as a target, the Apollo mission planners were faced with the challenge of designing a flight plan attaining Kennedy's stated goal while minimising risk to human life, cost and demands on technology and astronaut skill.
Three possible plans were considered. The first was to boost a spaceship directly to the moon. This would have required a Nova booster more powerful than any planned at the time. The second known as Earth orbit rendezvous (EOR) would have required the launch of two Saturn V rockets, one containing the space ship and one containing fuel. The spaceship would have docked in earth orbit and be fueled with enough fuel to make it to the moon and back.
Apollo Command and Service Modules
Lunar Orbit Rendezvous
The plan which was actually adopted is credited to John Houbolt and used the technique of 'Lunar Orbit Rendezvous' (LOR). The spacecraft was modular, composed of a 'Command/Service Module' (CSM) and a 'Lunar Module' (LM; pronounced LEM, for Lunar Excursion Module, its initial name). The CSM contained the life support systems for the three man crew's five day round trip to the moon and the heat shield for their reentry to the Earth's atmosphere. The LM would separate from the CSM in lunar orbit and carry two astronauts for the descent to the lunar surface.
The LM itself was composed of a descent stage and an ascent stage, the former serving as a launch platform for the latter when the lunar exploration party blasted off for lunar orbit where they would dock with the CSM prior to returning to Earth. The plan had the advantage that since the LM was to be discarded, it could be made very light and allow for the moon mission to be launched with a single Saturn V rocket. However, at the time that LOR was decided, some mission planners were uneasy at large number of dockings and undockings needed to make the plan succeed.
Flights
The Apollo program included eleven manned flights, designated Apollo 7 through Apollo 17, all launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida. Apollo 2 through Apollo 6 were unmanned test flights; the Apollo 1 designation was applied to the originally planned first manned flight which ended in a disastrous fire during a launch pad test that killed three astronauts. The first of the manned flights employed the Saturn 1-B launch vehicle, the following flights all used the more powerful Saturn V. Two of the flights (Apollo 7 and Apollo 9) were earth orbital missions, two of the flights (Apollo 8 and Apollo 10) were lunar orbital missions, and the remaining 7 flights were lunar landing missions (although one, Apollo 13, failed to land).
Briefly, Apollo 7 tested the Apollo command and service modules (CSM) in earth orbit. Apollo 8 tested the CSM in lunar orbit. Apollo 9 tested the lunar module (LM) in earth orbit. Apollo 10 tested the LM in lunar orbit. Apollo 11 achieved the first manned lunar landing. Apollo 12 achieved the first lunar landing at a precise location. Apollo 13 failed to achieve a lunar landing, but succeeded in returning the crew safely to earth following a potentially disastrous in-flight explosion. Apollo 14 resumed the lunar exploration program. Apollo 15 introduced a new level of lunar exploration capability, with a long-stay-time LM and a lunar roving vehicle. Apollo 16 was the first manned landing in the lunar highlands. Apollo 17, the final mission, was the first to include a scientist-astronaut.
End of the Program
Originally three additional lunar landing missions had been planned, as Apollo 18 through Apollo 20. These missions were cancelled to make funds available for the development of the Space Shuttle, and to make their Apollo spacecraft and Saturn V launch vehicles available to the Skylab program. Only one of the Saturn Vs was actually used; the others became museum exhibits.
Reasons for Apollo
The Apollo program was at least partly motivated by psycho-political considerations, in response to persistent perceptions of American inferiority in space technology vis-a-vis the Soviets, in the context of the Cold War. In this respect it succeeded brilliantly. In fact, American superiority in manned spaceflight was achieved in the precursory Gemini program, even before the first Apollo flight. The inability of the Soviets to perfect their N-1 rocket prevented the Soviets from going to the moon, and led them to deny until the 1990's that they ever had a moon program.
The Apollo program stimulated many areas of technology. The identical flight computer design used in the lunar and command module were the first to use integrated circuits and magnetic core memory. The computer were called AGC (Apollo Guidance Computer). Apollo rapidly forced Texas Instruments to make them work, and provided the crucial first customer when simple integrated circuits cost more than $1000/chip (in 1960 dollars). The fuel cell developed for this program was the first practical fuel cell. Computer controlled machining (CNC) was pioneered in fabricating Apollo structural components.
Many astronauts and cosmonauts have commented on the profound effects that seeing earth from space has had on them. One of the most important legacies of the Apollo program was the now-common, but not universal view of the Earth as a fragile, small planet, captured in the photographs taken by the astronauts during the lunar missions. These photographs have also motivated many people toward environmentalism and space colonization.
Miscellaneous information
The cost of Apollo program: $25.4 billion
Amount of moon material brought back by Apollo program: 381.7 kg
The name Apollo refers to the Greek god.
Missions
Something to note with Apollo flights is that Marshall Space Flight Center who designed the Saturn rockets referred to the flights as Saturn-Apollo (SA) whereas Kennedy Space Center referred to the flights as Apollo-Saturn (AS). This is the reason why the unmanned Saturn 1 flights are referred to as SA and the unmanned Saturn 1B are referred to as AS.Unmanned Saturn 1
- SA-1 - Test of the S-1 Rocket
- SA-2 - Test of the S-1 Rocket and carried 109,000 litres into the upper atmosphere to investigate effects on radio transmission and changes in local weather conditions.
- SA-3 - Same as SA-2
- SA-4 - Test effects of premature engine shutdown
- SA-5 - First flight of live second stage
- A-101 - Tested the structural integrity of a boilerplate Apollo Command and Service Module
- A-101 - Carried the first programmable computer on the Saturn 1 launch vehicle; last test flight
- A-102 - carried Pegasus satellite which investigated micrometeorite impacts in Earth orbit
- A-103 - Same as A-102
- A-104 - Same as A-102
Unmanned Pad Abort Tests
- Pad Abort Test-1 - Launch Escape System ignited at ground level
- Pad Abort Test-2 - same as Pad Abort Test-1
Unmanned Little Joe II
- A-001 - test launch escape system after launch
- A-002 - same as A-001
- A-003 - same as A-001
- A-004 - same as A-001
Unmanned Apollo-Saturn
- AS-201 - first test flight of Saturn IB rocket
- AS-203 - investigate weightlessness on fuel tanks of S-IVB
- AS-202 - sub-orbital test flight of Command and Service Module
- Apollo 4 - test of the Saturn V booster
- Apollo 5 - test of the Saturn IB booster and Lunar Module
- Apollo 6 - unmanned test of the Saturn V booster
Manned
- Apollo 1 - crew perished in fire during a test
- Apollo 7 - first manned Apollo flight
- Apollo 8 - first manned flight to the Moon
- Apollo 9 - first manned flight of the Lunar Module
- Apollo 10 - first manned flight of the Lunar Module around the Moon
- Apollo 11 - first manned landing on the Moon
- Apollo 12 - first precise landing on the Moon
- Apollo 13 - aborted landing after oxygen tank exploded enroute
- Apollo 14 - Alan Shepard becomes the only original astronaut to walk on the moon
- Apollo 15 - first mission with the Lunar Rover Vehicle
- Apollo 16 - first landing in the lunar highlands
- Apollo 17 - last manned flight to the Moon (so far...)
Follow On Programs
- Skylab
- Apollo-Soyuz
See also
- Apollo moon landing hoax accusations
External links
- Official Apollo program website
- Lunar Rock Inventory
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Apollo program."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Apollo is a borough located in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania. As of the 2000 census, the borough had a total population of 1,765.Geography
Apollo is located at 40°35'3" North, 79°33'52" West (40.584103, -79.564363)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 0.9 km² (0.3 mi²). 0.8 km² (0.3 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 8.57% water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 1,765 people, 762 households, and 467 families residing in the borough. The population density is 2,129.6/km² (5,577.1/mi²). There are 856 housing units at an average density of 1,032.8/km² (2,704.8/mi²). The racial makeup of the borough is 95.52% White, 3.29% African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 0.91% from two or more races. 0.79% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 762 households out of which 28.7% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.3% are married couples living together, 15.2% have a female householder with no husband present, and 38.6% are non-families. 34.5% of all households are made up of individuals and 16.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.29 and the average family size is 2.92. In the borough the population is spread out with 24.1% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 16.7% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 87.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 81.8 males. The median income for a household in the borough is $22,989, and the median income for a family is $29,952. Males have a median income of $26,750 versus $19,432 for females. The per capita income for the borough is $13,415. 14.7% of the population and 10.6% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 14.7% are under the age of 18 and 12.4% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Apollo, Pennsylvania."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Operation Apollo (October 2001 - October 2003) is an operation of the Canadian Navy in support of the United States in its "War on Terrorism". Currently, the naval force consists of the Halifax-class frigates HMCS Montréal and HMCS Winnipeg stationed in the Arabian Sea.Two ships, the frigate HMCS Fredericton, which will replace the Montréal, and the destroyer HMCS Iroquois are enroute to the Arabian Sea. The departure of the Iroquois was delayed when its Sea King helicopter lost power and crashed into the deck.
HMC Ships Halifax, Charlottetown, Preserver, Vancouver, Ottawa, Toronto, St. John's and Protecteur have previously completed tours of duty in the operation.
External Lunk:
http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/Newsroom/view_news_e.asp?id=490 See also: Canadian Forces
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Operation Apollo."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
APOLLO | English | An open workbench for multilingual document creation and maintenance | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: ApolloSynonyms: Phoebus (n), Phoebus Apollo (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Advice | Adviser, prompter; counsel, counselor; monitor, mentor, Nestor, magnus Apollo, senator; teacher. |
Beauty | Venus, Aphrodite, Hebe, the Graces, Peri, Houri, Cupid, Apollo, Hyperion, Adonis, Antionous, Narcissus. |
Sage | Authority, oracle, luminary, shining light, esprit fort, magnus Apollo, Solon, Solomon, Nestor, Magi, "second Daniel." |
World | Sun, orb of day, Apollo, Phoebus; photosphere, chromosphere; solar system; planet, planetoid; comet; satellite, moon, orb of night, Diana, silver-footed queen; aerolite, meteor; planetary ring; falling star, shooting star; meteorite, uranolite. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | What was his name? Apollo Creed (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge) Apollo, look at your scanner (Battlestar Galactica; writing credit: Glen A. Larson) Jim, if you hold out for Ken, you will not be on Apollo 13. It's your decision (Apollo 13; writing credit: Jim Lovell; Jeffrey Kluger) Well, ya see, sir I understand you're lookin' for sparrin' partners for Apollo, and I jus' want ta let ya know that I am very available (Rocky; writing credit: Sylvester Stallone) | |
Lyrics | So follow it's your time at the Apollo (So Fresh, So Clean; performing artist: Outkast) I walked to Apollo by the bay (Eli's Coming; performing artist: Three Dog Night) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Footprints on the Moon: Apollo 11 (1969) Apollo XI Landing (1969) Johnny Apollo (1940) Apollo (1920) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books | |||
Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Apollo 10 After Recovery. Credit: NASA. |  | Apollo 11 Command and Service Module. Credit: NASA. |
 | Apollo 4 Launch. Credit: NASA. |  | Apollo Saturn V Test Vehicle. Credit: NASA. |
 | View of Africa and Saudi Arabia from Apollo 17.Probably the most requested picture of the Earth, this picture was taken by the Apollo17 astronauts as they left earth orbit en route to the Moon. Taken on Dec. 7, 1972,it was the first time that the trajectory of an Apollo mission enabled a view ofthe south pole. Credit: NASA. |  | View of North America from Apollo 16. Credit: NASA. |
 | Lunar Module test flight from Apollo 9. Credit: NASA. |  | Apollo Command and Service Module. Credit: NASA. |
 | "Rising earth greets Apollo VIII astronauts as they come from behind the moon after the lunar orbit insertion burn. Earth is about 5 degrees above the horizon.". Credit: National Archives and Records Administration, Records of the U.S. Information Agency. |  | "Close-up view of an astronaut's leg and foot and footprint in the lunar soil, photographed with a 70mm lunar surface camera during the Apollo 11 lunar surface extravehicular activity. Astronaut Michael Collins, command module pilot, remained with the Command Service Modules in lunar orbit while Astronauts Neil A. Armstrong, commander, and Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., lunar module pilot, explored the Moon." By Neil Armstrong , July 20, 1969. Credit: National Archives and Records Administration, Records of the U.S. Information Agency. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |
| "Space Capsule Cockpit" by Terry Eaton Commentary: "Cockpit of a an Apollo space capsule on display at Kennedy Space Center. Cape Canaveral, Florida, U.S.A." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Author | Quotation |
Horace | Nor does Apollo always stretch the bow. |
Xenophon | Apollo said that everyone's true worship was that which he found in use in the place where he chanced to be. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | (r)Tymbraeus Apollo. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Economic History | India | MRF for automotive tires, NIIT for computer training schools and Apollo Hospitals for healthcare are examples. (references) |
India | Apollo Hospitals plans to establish diagnostic centers, either on its own or in association with local partners. (references) | |
India | For example, Chennai-based Apollo Hospitals, a pioneer in the Indian hospital industry, has facilities in a number of cities around the country. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | LAUREL, n. The laurus, a vegetable dedicated to Apollo, and formerly defoliated to wreathe the brows of victors and such poets as had influence at court. (Vide supra.) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Richard Nixon | 1969-1974 | As the Apollo astronauts flew over the moon's gray surface on Christmas Eve, they spoke to us of the beauty of earth--and in that voice so clear across the lunar distance, we heard them invoke God's blessing on its goodness. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | A premature commitment to a high challenge, space-engineering initiative of the complexity of Apollo is inappropriate. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Apollo" is generally used as a noun (proper) -- approximately 99.70% of the time. "Apollo" is used about 336 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (proper) | 99.7% | 335 | 15,680 |
| Noun (singular) | 0.3% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 336 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "Apollo" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Apollo | Last name | 170 | 48,446 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| "Apollo" is a name that signifies or is derived from: "a strength", "a father lion", "a father light", "destroy". | |||
| The following table summarizes names related to "Apollo." | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Related Name |
| Apollinaris | Male | Ancient Greek | Apollo |
| Apollodoros | Male | Ancient Greek | Apollo |
| Apollonios | Male | Ancient Greek | Apollo |
| Apollo | Male | Greek Mythology (Latinized) | N/A |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Hong Kong | China Apollo Holdings Limited | India | Apollo Tyres Ltd |
| Japan | Apollo Electronics Co., Ltd. | Pakistan | Apollo Textile Mills Limited |
| Singapore | Apollo Enterprises Limited | United Kingdom | Apollo Metals Plc |
| USA | Apollo Group, Inc. | ||
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
1. Apollo, PA (borough, FIPS 2720) |
Expressions using "Apollo": Apollo asteroid ♦ Apollo Beach ♦ Apollo Computer ♦ Apollo program ♦ magnus Apollo ♦ North Apollo ♦ oracle of Apollo ♦ Phoebus Apollo ♦ temple of Apollo ♦ The Apollo Belvedere. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "Apollo": apollo-derived, Apollo-dionysus, Apollo-in-the-glens, apollo-like. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
apollo | 1,833 | apollo ball valve | 54 |
apollo 13 | 1,514 | apollo god | 52 |
apollo 11 | 1,094 | apollo p 2200 | 51 |
apollo theater | 259 | apollo p 2100u | 49 |
apollo showtime | 243 | apollo smile | 45 |
advisor apollo estate real | 229 | apollo 13 movie | 44 |
apollo printer | 204 | apollo 1 | 44 |
apollo college | 189 | apollo p 1200 | 43 |
apollo group | 124 | apollo travel | 43 |
apollo anton ohno | 112 | apollo hospital | 43 |
apollo 440 | 92 | apollo p 2150u | 39 |
greek god apollo | 86 | apollo program | 39 |
apollo valve | 86 | the apollo of temple | 37 |
apollo pennsylvania | 80 | apollo missions | 36 |
apollo printer driver | 76 | apollo p 1250i | 34 |
apollo beach fl | 75 | apollo creed | 33 |
apollo ohno | 74 | apollo 13 mission | 33 |
apollo network | 71 | apollo spa | 33 |
apollo project | 70 | apollo mission | 32 |
apollo beach | 63 | apollo 8 | 32 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "Apollo"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | Apolon, Njeri I Bukur. (various references) | |
Arabic | أبولو إله الشعر عند الإغريق. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | Красавец, Аполон (Phoebus). (various references) | |
Chinese | 阿波羅 , 阿波罗. (various references) | |
Danish | Apollo. (various references) | |
Dutch | Apollo. (various references) | |
Esperanto | Apolo. (various references) | |
Finnish | Apollo-avaruusalukset. (various references) | |
French | Apollon. (various references) | |
German | Apollo. (various references) | |
Greek | Απόλλων. (various references) | |
Hungarian | Apollo, Apolló. (various references) | |
Indonesian | apolo. (various references) | |
Italian | Apollo. (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | アポロ計画 (Apollo Project). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | アポロけいかく (Apollo Project). (various references) | |
Korean | 아폴로. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | apolloay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | apolo. (various references) | |
Russian | Красавец, Аполлон, аполлон. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | apolon (phoebus), apolo. (various references) | |
Spanish | Apolo. (various references) | |
Swedish | apollon, Apollifjäril. (various references) | |
Turkish | Apollon, Gün Ve Aydınlık Tanrısı, Çok Yakışıklı Genç. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | apollo. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Acts Chapter 18, Verse 24 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | IoudaioV de tiV apollwV onomati alexandreuV tw genei anhr logioV kathnthsen eiV efeson dunatoV wn en taiV grafaiV |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Iudaeus autem quidam Apollo nomine Alexandrinus natione vir eloquens devenit Ephesum potens in scripturis |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | But a Jewe, Apollo bi name, a man of Alisaundre of kinde, a man eloquent, cam to Effesie; and he was myyti in scripturis. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | And a certayne Iewe named Apollos borne at Alexandria came to Ephesus an eloquent man and myghty in the scriptures. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | And a certain Jew named Apollos, born at Alexandria, an eloquent man, and mighty in the scriptures, came to Ephesus. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | And a certain Jew named Apollos, born at Alexandria, an eloquent man, and mighty in the scriptures, came to Ephesus. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | Now a certain Jew named Apollos, an Alexandrian by birth, and a man of learning, came to Ephesus; and he had great knowledge of the holy Writings. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Acts Chapter 18, Verse 24 |
| Albanian | Por një Jude, me emër Apollo, lindur në Aleksandri, njeri orator dhe njohës i Shkrimit, arriti në Efes. |
| Cebuano | ¶ Ug unya miabut sa Efeso ang usa ka Judio nga ginganlan si Apolos, nga didto matawo sa Alejandria. Siya maoy usa ka tawo nga maayong manulti ug batid sa mga kasulatan. |
| Croatian | Uto neki Židov imenom Apolon, rodom Aleksandrijac, èovjek rjeèit i upuæen u Pisma, stiže u Efez. |
| Danish | Men en Jøde ved Navn Apollos, født i Aleksandria, en veltalende Mand, som var stærk i Skrifterne, kom til Efesus. |
| Dutch | En een zeker Jood, met name Apollos, van geboorte een Alexandrier, een welsprekend man, kwam te Efeze, machtig zijnde in de Schriften. |
| Finnish | Ja Efesoon saapui eräs juutalainen, nimeltä Apollos, syntyisin Aleksandriasta, puhetaitoinen mies ja väkevä raamatuissa. |
| French | Un Juif nommé Apollos, originaire d`Alexandrie, homme éloquent et versé dans les Écritures, vint à Éphèse. |
| German | Es kam aber gen Ephesus ein Jude mit namen Apollos, von Geburt aus Alexandrien, ein beredter Mann und mächtig in der Schrift. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Sementara itu, datanglah ke Efesus seorang Yahudi kelahiran Aleksandria, namanya Apolos. Ia pandai berbicara dan sangat faham tentang isi Alkitab, |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Maka datanglah ke Epesus seorang orang Yahudi bernama Apollos, peranakan negeri Iskandaria, seorang alim, lagi sangatlah paham akan isi Alkitab. |
| Latvian | Bet Efezâ nonâca kâds jûds, vârdâ Apolls, dzimis aleksandrietis, labs Rakstu pazinçjs un daiïrunîgs. |
| Maori | ¶ Na ka haere mai tetahi Hurai ki Epeha, ko Aporo te ingoa, i whanau ki Arehanaria, he pu korero, he tangata kaha ki nga karaipiture. |
| Norwegian | Men det var en jøde ved navn Apollos, født i Aleksandria, en vel talende mann, som kom til Efesus; han var sterk i skriftene. |
| Portuguese | Ora, chegou a Éfeso certo judeu chamado Apolo, natural de Alexandria, homem eloqüente e poderoso nas Escrituras. |
| Rumanian | La Efes, a venit un Iudeu numit Apolo, de neam din Alexandria. Omul acesta avea darul vorbirii wi era tare kn Scripturi. |
| Shuar | ¶ Tumáa pujai Arijiántria péprunmaya Israer-aents Apurus Ipisiu péprunam jeamiayi. Niisha Yusa yaunchu papirin ti pénker nekaamiayi. Etserkatniuncha ti nékauyayi. |
| Swahili | Myahudi mmoja aitwaye Apolo, mzaliwa wa Aleksandria, alifika Efeso. Alikuwa mtu mwenye ufasaha wa kuongea na mwenye ujuzi mkubwa wa Maandiko Matakatifu. |
| Swedish | Men till Efesus kom en jude vid namn Apollos, bördig från Alexandria, en lärd man, mycket förfaren i skrifterna. |
| Uma | ¶ Nto'u Priskila pai' Akwila hi Efesus, rata wo'o hi ria hadua to Yahudi, hanga' -na Apolos. Ngata kaputua-na, Aleksandria. Pante lia-i mololita, pai' na'inca lia ihi' Buku Tomoroli'. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "Apollo": apollos. (additional references) | |
| |
"Apollo" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Alpalo, Apilco, Apilu, Apoal, Apol, apoll, Apollyon, apolo, Appelle, Appello, Appold, Appollo, Appolo, Asolo, Azolla, Capello, Cappiello, palolo, Palopo, Rampello. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "Apollo" (pronounced upÄ"lō) |
| 3 | -Ä" l ō | Calo, follow, hollow, swallow, wallow. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-l-l-o-o-p" | |
-2 letters: loop, olla, opal, pall, poll, polo, pool. | |
-3 letters: all, alp, lap, loo, lop, pal, pol. | |
-4 letters: al, la, lo, op, pa. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-l-l-o-o-p" | |
+1 letter: apollos. | |
+2 letters: apologal, paleosol, planosol, poolhall. | |
+3 letters: allomorph, allophone, allotrope, allotropy, haplology, liposomal, paleosols, planosols, polygonal, polytonal, poolhalls, stoopball. | |
+4 letters: allomorphs, allophones, allophonic, allotropes, allotropic, codswallop, corporally, flapdoodle, floodplain, optionally, palynology, pollinator, polyclonal, polynomial, portabello, pyrogallol, stoopballs. | |
+5 letters: allelomorph, allomorphic, allopurinol, allotropies, chloroplast, codswallops, corporeally, flapdoodles, floodplains, haloperidol, haplologies, hypoglossal, megalopolis, palynologic, pedological, penological, petrodollar, planetology, pollination, pollinators, polyalcohol, polygonally, polynomials, polytonally, pomological, portabellos, precolonial, propranolol, pyrogallols, toploftical, topological, typological. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Familiar 10. Quotations: Fiction 11. Quotations: Non-fiction 12. Quotations: Speeches | 13. Usage Frequency 14. Names: Frequency 15. Names: Derived from 16. Names: Company Usage | 17. Cities 18. Expressions 19. Expressions: Internet 20. Translations: Modern | 21. Translations: Ancient 22. Bible Trace 23. Abbreviations 24. Acronyms | 25. Derivations 26. Rhymes 27. Anagrams 28. Bibliography |
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