Aide

  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Aide

Definitions: Aide

Aide

Noun

1. An officer who acts as military assistant to a more senior officer.

2. Someone who acts as assistant.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "aide" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1350. (references)

 

Abbreviations & Acronyms: Aide

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.

EntrySourceExpressionField

AIDE

EnglishAutomatic Identification Decision EquipmentComputing

AIDE

SpanishAsociacion Interamericana de EducacionEducation

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Synonyms: Aide

Synonyms: adjutant (n), aide-de-camp (n), auxiliary (n). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Aide

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Remedy

Doctor, physician, surgeon; medical practitioner, general practitioner, specialist; medical attendant, apothecary, druggist; leech; osteopath, osteopathist; optometrist, ophthalmologist; internist, oncologist, gastroenterologist; epidemiologist, public health specialist; dermatologist; podiatrist; witch doctor, shaman, faith healer, quack, exorcist; Aesculapius, Hippocrates, Galen; accoucheur, accoucheuse, midwife, oculist, aurist; operator; nurse, registered nurse, practical nurse, monthly nurse, sister; nurse's aide, candystriper; dresser; bonesetter; pharmaceutist, pharmacist, druggist, chemist, pharmacopolist.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Aide

English words defined with "aide": Gyronnurse's aide, nursing aide. (references)
Specialty definitions using "aide": Aide toi et le Ciel taidera, assistant therapy aideBIOLOGICAL AIDE, BLIND AIDECERTIFIED MEDICATION TECHNICIAN, CITY PLANNING AIDE, CONGRESSIONAL-DISTRICT AIDEdietary aideEMPLOYMENT-AND-CLAIMS AIDE, evaluation aideFEED-RESEARCH AIDE, FIRE CHIEF'S AIDE, FOOD-MANAGEMENT AIDEGEOLOGICAL AIDEHOME ATTENDANT, home health aideINSTRUCTOR, PSYCHIATRIC AIDElaboratory aideMANAGEMENT AIDE, MENTAL-RETARDATION AIDEnurse aide, NURSE ASSISTANT, nutrition aideOCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AIDEPARK AIDE, POLICE AIDE, POLICE CLERK, PREPAROLE-COUNSELING AIDE, production aide, PROGRAM AIDE, GROUP WORK, PSYCHIATRIC AIDEranger aide, RECREATION AIDE, RESEARCH ASSISTANT II, resident care aide, RESPIRATORY-THERAPY AIDE, ROUTE AIDEservice aide, shopper's aide, SOCIAL-SERVICES AIDETEACHER AIDE I, TEACHER AIDE II, teacher aide, clerical. (references)
Etymologies containing "aide": Aid-de-camp. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Aide" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

French (aid, aide, assistance, assistant, comfort, encouragement, help, helpmate, hodman, lender, lift, mate, office, relief, succor, succour), French Canadian (help).

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Modern Usage: Aide

DomainUsage

Movie/TV Titles

Que Dieu vous soit en aide (1956)

The Sheriff's Mysterious Aide (1912)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Aide

DomainTitle

Books

  • Being a Homemaker/Home Health Aide (5th Edition) (reference)

  • From Foggy Bottom to Capitol Hill: Exploits of a GI, Diplomat, and Congressional Aide (reference)

  • Gator Aide (reference)

  • Home Health Aide Training Manual (3-Ring Binder) (reference)

  • Nurse Aide Exam Review Cards (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Aide

Illustrations:
Aide

More images...

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Photo Album: Aide

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Iological aide Kyra Williams removes a beneficial insect, Encarsia formosa,from leaves to ship to scientists who are studying biological control of the whitefly. P.Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Scott Bauer..

Biological aide Ellie Giron (left) and ARS chemist Phyllis Johnson prepare a sample for analysis at the ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center in Grand Forks, North Dakota. P.Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Bruce Fritz..

Troy Nichols (Gordon Smith's aide), Doc Hatfield, Stacie Davies, and Secretary Babbitt discuss the Steens designation.Credit: Mark Armstrong & Chris Strebig.

On left, Senator Wyden's aide, David Blair, and on the right, Governor Kitzhaber at Big Indian Gorge.Credit: Mark Armstrong & Chris Strebig.

U.S. Army, Stark General Hospital, Charleston, SC : Physical therapist aide bandages a soldier's stump.Credit: National Library of Medicine.

Japonaise soutenue par une aide. / Georges Devy.Credit: National Library of Medicine.

And his Naval Aide, Captain Daniel J. Callaghan, taking the salute of a composite Battalion of the 14th Infantry at Gatun Locks, Panama Canal Zone, as they were disembarking from USS Tuscaloosa (CA-37) on 18 February 1940.Credit: NAVY.

Visiting USS Saratoga (CVA-60) on 6 June 1957. Between and behind them is the Presidential Naval Aide, Captain Evan P. Aurand, USN.Credit: NAVY.

Civilian aide!.Credit: Library of Congress.

Mrs. Nicholas Longworth and Miss Joanna Sturm escorted by a White House Social Aide arriving at the East Gate of the White House [for the wedding of Tricia Nixon and Edward Cox].Credit: Library of Congress.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Aide

SubjectTopicQuote

Civil Liberties

China

The authorities released former Zhao Ziyang aide Bao Tong in 1997, but continue to monitor his activities closely. (references)

Cote d'Ivoire

The press aide questioned the journalists, who then were released unharmed several days after their initial detention. (references)

Malaysia

In January 2000 Ezam Noor, previously a former Anwar aide and youth chief of the opposition National Justice Party, was charged under the OSA with disclosing to reporters secret AntiCorruption Agency (ACA) reports. (references)

Human Rights

Pakistan

For example, retired Major General Anwar Sher and an Afghan aide, Abdul Qaher Shariati, disappeared in July 2000; they were active in organizing Afghans to pursue a peace process. (references)

Cameroon

Titus Edzoa, former Minister of Health and long-time presidential aide, who had declared himself a candidate to oppose incumbent President Biya in the 1997 election, remains incarcerated, together with Michel Atangana, his campaign manager. (references)

Nigeria

On September 20, a former security aide testified before the HRVIP that Moshood K.O. Abiola died in prison of a "natural cause." In 1994 General Sani Abacha detained Abiola and charged him with treason when he declared himself president on the basis of the 1993 election. (references)

Political Rights

Cameroon

Following the unexpectedly strong showing of opposition parties in the region in the 1996 municipal elections, Titus Edzoa, a ruling CPDM member from the southern part of the country, a former Minister of Health, and a longtime presidential aide, declared himself a candidate to oppose incumbent President Biya in the October 1997 election. (references)

Worker Rights

France

Aide Sociale a l'Enfance (ASE), the state social services branch for childcare, is responsible for caring for and assisting victims under the age of 18 through age 22. The Government has not articulated protection programs in place for trafficking victims. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Aide

"Aide" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Aide" is used about 277 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)100%27717,585

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Name Usage Frequency: Aide

The following table summarizes the usage of "aide" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified.
NameUsage/GenderUsage per 100
million Persons
Rank in USA
AideFirst name Female1,0003,232
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expression: Aide

Expressions using "aide": aide de camp home health aide nurse's aide nursing aide. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "aide": aide-de-camp, Aide-memoir, aide-memoire, aide-memorandum.

Ending with "aide": librarian-aide.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Aide

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

aide rite

244

financial aide

134

legal aide

125

nurse aide

119

hearing aide

116

aide

104

aide fun marriage more sex

103

kitchen aide

103

teacher aide

89

home health aide

86

certified nurse aide

84

aide nurse registry

50

first aide

45

physical therapy aide

44

aide juridique

35

aide kool

34

lemon aide

33

aide federal student

31

aide pharmacy rite

28

nursing aide

25
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Aide

Language Translations for "aide"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

ndihmës (accessary, accessory, acolyte, adjunct, adjutant, adjuvant, aid, ancillary, assistant, auxiliary, candle holder, coadjutant, coadjutor, first mate, gillie, help, helper, henchman, mate, paramedical, second, secondary, servo, sidekick, subsidiary, tutor). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏معاون (assistant, help, helper, supporter), ‏ضابط معاون. (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

съветник (adviser, advisor, councillor, counsellor, doctor, guide, monitor), адютант (adjutant, aide de camp), помощник (acolyte, adjunct, adjuvant, affiliate, aid, ally, assistant, auxiliary, candle holder, coadjutor, confederate, help, helper, lieutenant, mate, pander, second, secondary, subsidiary). (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

助手 (Aider, Aides). (various references)

   

Czech

  

poboèník (Adc, adjutant, aide de camp, galloper). (various references)

   

Danish

  

sygehjaelper (nursing aide, ward aid), stoette efter varierende satser (varying rates of aide). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

ordonnansofficier (adjutant, aide-de-camp), adjudant (Adj., Adjt., Adjutant, aide-de-camp, Master Sergeant, Senior Master Sergeant, Warrant Officer II). (various references)

   

Esperanto

  

adjutanto (adjutant, aide-de-camp). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

adjutantti. (various references)

   

French

  

assistant (aid), aide (aid). (various references)

   

German

  

Helfer (accomplice, aider, assistant, backer, helper, helpers, plug-assist). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

βοηθόσ (assistant, coadjutor, curare, help, helper, helpmate, helpmeet), υπασπιστήσ (adjutant, aid, flag lieutenant). (various references)

   

Hawaiian

  

adjutant (adjutant, aide-de-camp). (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

שליש (adjutant, aide de camp), עוזר (assistant, helper, helpful, subsidiary). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

tanácsadó (adviser, advisor, advisory, advisory board, consultant, consultative, consulting, counselor, mentor), segédtiszt (Adc, adjutant, aide de camp, Ma, military assistant, personnel adjutant). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

ajudan (adjutant, chief petty officer), pembantu (accessory, assistant, auxiliary, helper, stringer). (various references)

   

Irish

  

aidiúnach (adjutant, aide-de-camp). (various references)

   

Italian

  

aiutante di campo (aide de camp). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

補佐官 , 人手 (hand, other hands, someone else's hands, starfish), 副官 (adjutant, aide-de-camp). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

ひとで (crowd, hand, other hands, someone else's hands, starfish, turnout), ふくか" (adjutant, aide-de-camp), ふっか" (adjutant, aide-de-camp, putting back in print, reissue), ほさか". (various references)

   

Korean 

  

측근 (Aides). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

aideay

   

Portuguese

  

assessor (adviser, advisor, assessor), ajudante (accessary, acolyte, adjutant, aid, assistant, candle holder, escort, handy man, helper, helpmate, helpmeet, improver, second, subsidiary). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

aghiotant (adjutant, aide de camp). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

адъютант (adjutant, aide de camp, aide-de-camp). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

ađutant (adjutant), pomoćnik (adjunct, adjuvant, aid, associate, auxiliary, call-boy, coadjutor, contributor, deputy, famulus, help, helper, helpmate, helpmeet, mate, potman, subsidiary). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

ayudante (abetter, adjutant, aid, aide-de-camp, assistant, auxiliary, colleague, companion, consultant, contributor, counter, elf, fetish, gillie, Guardian, helper, helpmate, holder, mate), asistente -mf; ayudante -mf; auxiliar -mf. (various references)

   

Swedish

  

medhjälpare (abettor, accessary, accessory, accessory after the fact, accomplice, adjunct, aid, assistant, coadjutor, helper, henchman, second). (various references)

   

Turkish

  

yaver (adjt, adjutant, aid de camp, aide de camp, batman), yardımcı (accessary, accessory, acolyte, adjunct, aid, ancillary, assistant, auxiliary, Band aid, booster, coadjutor, collateral, contributory, cooperative, deputy, donkey, friend, help, helper, helpful, helpmate, helpmeet, henchman, lieutenant, obliging, second, sidekick, stand by, sub, subsidiary, suffragan, supporter, supporting, vice-), emir subayı (adjt, adjutant, aid de camp, aide de camp). (various references)

   

Ukranian 

  

ад'ютант (adjutant, aide de camp). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Aide

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Latin500 BCE-Modern

auxiliator, auxiliatores, auxiliatoribus, auxiliatrix, minister, ministri, ministris, ministro, ministrorum, ministros, ministrum. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Aide

Derivations

Words beginning with "aide": aided, aider, aiders, aides. (additional references)

Words ending with "aide": alcaide. (additional references)

Words containing "aide": alcaides, braided, braider, braiders, counterraided, handmaiden, handmaidens, maiden, maidenhair, maidenhairs, maidenhead, maidenheads, maidenhood, maidenhoods, maidenliness, maidenlinesses, maidenly, maidens, overplaided, plaided, raided, raider, raiders, staider, staidest, triskaidekaphobia, triskaidekaphobias, unaided, unbraided, upbraided, upbraider, upbraiders. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Aide" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: aad, aade, aahe, aaie, aarde, acda, acide, aciden, acido, adde, ade, adeem, adef, adeg, adew, adex, adi, Adia, adic, Adide, adie, adiet, Adine, aditex, adiu, adize, Aeddi, aede, ahdaf, aibd, aice, aida, Aidab, Aidam, aidd, Aidee, aidel, aideo, aidev, aidey, Aidez, Aidley, Aidoc, Aidoo, aidu, aidv, Aidy, aie, Aiee, Aieee, Aife, aige, Aike, aime, aine, aire, airee, aireo, aise, aite, aiud, aive, aize, akidi, akido, alde, alide, Amdec, ande, anidder, Aoife, Apidae, apide, apied, Arde, Ardee, aride, aridi, asde, Asdex, atide, auda, aude, Audo, audre, audy, auede, auve, avide, avied, axied, axime, Ayce, ayed, Bahide, eide, Eiduk, Gaida, iada, iade, Iaden, iadz, iae, iate, iiid, iijde, jaite, Kaydee, laide, nadie, naide, paide, sayde, Uidh, yaid, zide. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Aide"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "aide" (pronounced ā"d)
2ā" dafraid, aid, allayed, arcade, arrayed, bade, bayed, betrayed, blade, blockade, braid, brigade, brocade, buffeted, Cade, cascade, charade, cliched, colonnade, conveyed, crocheted, crusade, decade, decayed, degrade, delayed, dismayed, disobeyed, displayed, dissuade, evade, fade, Fayed, flayed, forbade, frayed, glade, grade, grenade, hade, handmade, homemade, invade, jade, Lade, laid, lemonade, made, maid, manmade, Masquerade, mislaid, obeyed, okayed, outweighed, overpaid, overplayed, overstayed, paid, palisade, parade, persuade, pervade, played, portrayed, prayed, prepaid, preyed, promenade, raid, rayed, remade, repaid, replayed, sauteed, serenade, shade, spade, sprayed, Stade, staid, stayed, strayed, suede, surveyed, swayed, tirade, trade, unafraid, underpaid, underplayed, unmade, unpaid, unswayed, upbraid, upgrade, Wade, weighed.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Aide

.

.

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Direct Anagrams: idea.

Words within the letters "a-d-e-i"

-1 letter: aid, die.

-2 letters: ad, ae, ai, de, ed, id.

 Words containing the letters "a-d-e-i"
 

+1 letter: abide, adieu, aided, aider, aides, ailed, aimed, aired, amide, aside, azide, deair, ideal, ideas, irade, media, redia.

 

+2 letters: abided, abider, abides, acedia, adieus, adieux, admire, advice, advise, aedile, aedine, aeried, afield, aiders, aidmen, airted, aisled, alined, aliped, allied, amides, arider, ariled, asides, audile, axised, azides, babied, baddie, bailed, baited, biased, caddie, caried, codeia, daiker, daimen, daises, darkie, dassie, dative, dautie, davies, dawtie, deairs, dearie, deasil, degami, denari, denial, derail, detail, detain, diadem, dialed, dialer, diaper, dilate, eidola, elapid, fadein, failed, faired, gained, gaited, hailed, haired, halide, ideals, ideate, imaged, invade, iodate, irades, jailed, laddie, ladies, laired, lazied, maiden, mailed, maimed, mediad, mediae, medial, median, medias, medina, nailed, paiked, pained, paired, pardie, pleiad, raided, raider, railed, rained, raised, rediae, redial, redias, relaid, repaid, resaid, roadie, sailed, sained, tailed, taxied, tirade, uredia, vailed, varied, vialed, visaed, waddie, wadies, waifed, wailed, waired, waited, waived.

 

+3 letters: abiders, abridge, accidie, acedias, acrider, addible, adenine, adenoid, adipose, admired, admirer, admires, admixed, admixes, advices, advised, advisee, adviser, advises, aecidia, aediles, affined, affixed, agisted, agnized, aidless, airdate, airhead, airshed, airthed, alcaide, alibied, alidade, aliened, aligned, alipeds, aliunde, ameboid, amidase, amidine, amidone, aneroid, aniseed, annelid, anodize, antired, anviled, aphides, applied, apsides, araneid, aridest, arrived, aspired, astride, attired, audible, audient, audiles, audited, availed, aviated, avodire, avoided, avoider, awaited, baddies, baldies, bandied, bandies, basined, bawdier, bawdies, beadier, beadily, beading, bedrail, biassed, bighead, bipedal, braided, braider, brailed, brained, braised, brigade, cabined, caddice, caddied, caddies, caducei, cairned, candied, candies, carbide, cardiae, carried, caviled, cedilla, chained, chaired, cicadae, citadel, claimed, codeias, codeina, cyanide, daddies, daffier, daikers, dailies, dairies, daisied, daisies, dallied, dallier, dallies, dandier, dandies, darbies, dariole, darkies, dashier, dassies, datives, daubier, dauties, dawties, dayside, daytime, deafish, deaired, dealing, deaning, dearies, deaving, deciare, decidua, decimal, declaim, decrial, defiant, degamis, delaine, deliria, deltaic, denarii, denials, depaint, deraign, derails, despair, destain, details, detains, detrain, deutzia, deviant, deviate, devisal, diabase, diadems, dialect, dialers, dialled, diallel, dialler, dialyse, dialyze, diamide, diamine, diapers, diaries, diastem, diaster, diazine, diazole, dictate, dieback, diehard, dietary, dilated, dilater, dilates, dilemma, dioxane, diphase, diptera, disable, discase, disease, disrate, dissave, disseat, drained, drainer, dualize, echidna, edacity, edaphic, edictal, elapids, emailed, evading, exordia, faciend, faddier, fadeins, fainted, faithed, fancied, farside, fixated, flailed, gallied, gaudier, gaudies, geoidal, gladier, glaired, glaived, gradine, grained, habited, haemoid, hagride, halides, handier, hardier, hardies, harried, hayride, headier, headily, heading, headpin, helipad, hexadic, hidable, hydriae, ideally, ideated, ideates, impaled, implead, inarmed, incaged, incased, inedita, inhaled, inlaced, instead, invaded, invader, invades, iodated, iodates, isolead, jadeite, jemidar, laddies, lapides, lardier, leadier, leading, liaised, ligated, limeade, lindane, madeira, maidens, married, mediacy, medials, medians, mediant, mediate, medical, medigap, medinas, melodia, mermaid, miaoued, miaowed, miauled, midyear, misdate, misdeal, mislead, mismade, misread, naevoid, naiades, nardine, oedipal, opiated, oxidase, oxidate, paddies, painted, palsied, pandied, pandies, pardine, parried, partied, patined, pedicab, peracid, peridia, piaffed, piebald, pinhead, pirated, pithead, plaided, plained, plaited, pleiads, praised, predial, prepaid, quailed, querida, radiale, radiate, radicel, radices, radicle, radioed, radixes, raiders, rallied, randier, randies, raphide, rapider, ravined, rawhide, readied, readier, readies, readily, reading, readmit, redbait, redials, redtail, residua, ridable, rivaled, roadies, sainted, sallied, sandier, sardine, savvied, seabird, seaside, sedarim, sedilia, shadier, sidearm, sidebar, sidecar, sideman, sideway, snailed, staider, stained, subidea, tabbied, tainted, taliped, tallied, tardier, tardies, tarried, tiaraed, tideway, tirades, toadied, toadies, traiked, trailed, trained, triaged, tribade, unaided, unaimed, unaired, unideal, uranide, uredial, vedalia, vialled, visaged, vistaed, waddied, waddies, waisted, wayside, wearied, windage, zenaida.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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Alternative Orthography: Aide


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

41 69 64 65

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

.-    ..    -..    .

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01000001 01101001 01100100 01100101

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#65 &#105 &#100 &#101

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0041 0069 0064 0065

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

35757071

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern
5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Slideshow
7. Images: Photo Album
8. Quotations: Non-fiction
9. Usage Frequency
10. Names: Frequency
11. Expressions
12. Expressions: Internet
13. Translations: Modern
14. Translations: Ancient
15. Abbreviations
16. Acronyms
17. Derivations
18. Rhymes
19. Anagrams
20. Orthography
21. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.