Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

A-

Definition: A-

A-

1. A, as a prefix to English words, is derived from various sources. (1) It frequently signifies on or in (from an, a forms of AS. on), denoting a state, as in afoot, on foot, abed, amiss, asleep, aground, aloft, away (AS. onweg), and analogically, ablaze, atremble, etc. (2) AS. of off, from, as in adown (AS. ofd/ne off the dun or hill). (3) AS. a- (Goth. us-, ur-, Ger. er-), usually giving an intensive force, and sometimes the sense of away, on, back, as in arise, abide, ago. (4) Old English y- or i- (corrupted from the AS. inseparable particle ge-, cognate with OHG. ga-, gi-, Goth. ga-), which, as a prefix, made no essential addition to the meaning, as in aware. (5) French a (L. ad to), as in abase, achieve. (6) L. a, ab, abs, from, as in avert. (7) Greek insep. prefix / without, or privative, not, as in abyss, atheist; akin to E. un-.

Source: Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)
 



Specialty Definitions: A-

DomainDefinitions

Computing

A# /A sharp/ A separable component of Version 2 of the AXIOM* computer algebra system. It provides a programming language with an optimising compiler, an intermediate code interpreter, and a library of data structures and mathematical abstractions. The compiler produces stand-alone executable programs, object libraries in native operating system formats, portable bytecode libraries, C and Lisp source code. The A# programming language has support for object-oriented and functional programming styles. Both types and functions are first class values that can be manipulated with a range of flexible and composable primitives and user programs. The A# language design places particular emphasis on compilation for efficient machine code and portability. Ports have been made to various 16, 32, and 64 bit architectures: RS/6000, SPARC, DEC Alpha, i386, i286, Motorola 680x0, S 370; several operating systems: Linux, AIX, SunOS, HP/UX, Next, Mach and other Unix systems, OS/2, DOS, Microsoft Windows, VMS and CMS; C compilers: Xlc, gcc, Sun, Borland, Metaware and MIPS C. (1995-02-07). Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing.

Bible

A Alpha, the first letter of the Greek alphabet, as Omega is the last. These letters occur in the text of Rev. 1:8,11; 21:6; 22:13, and are represented by "Alpha" and "Omega" respectively (omitted in R.V., 1:11). They mean "the first and last." (Comp. Heb. 12:2; Isa. 41:4; 44:6; Rev. 1:11,17; 2:8.) In the symbols of the early Christian Church these two letters are frequently combined with the cross or with Christ's monogram to denote his divinity. Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Crosswords: A-

English words defined with "A-": Al-, alpha privativePrivative. (references)
Specialty definitions using "A-": B-stationNotarica. (references)
Non-English Usage: "A-" is also a word in the following language with English translations in parentheses.

Zulu (by, from, of, on, since).

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Modern Usage: A-

DomainUsage

Screenplays

Wait! No, please wait. Before, when we were when you thought I was the Duke, you said that you loved me, a- and I wondered if (Moulin Rouge!; writing credit: Baz Luhrmann; Craig Pearce)

She's a- (Charmed; writing credit: Colman deKay)

What?! You son of a- (Family Guy; writing credit: Dolores Payás)

I mean, ya can tell a complete stranger, but they don't often give a- (Gimme, Gimme, Gimme; writing credit: Jonathan Harvey)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: A-

DomainTitle

Books

  • Doctor Faustus: A- And B- Texts (1604, 1616: Christopher Marlowe and His Collaborator and Revisers) (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

  • Metallurgical And Materials Transactions - Part A- Physical Metallurgy And Materials Science (reference)

    (more periodical examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Non-Fiction Usage: A-

SubjectTopicQuote

Economic History

Chile

Chile has maintained one of the best credit ratings (S+P A-) in Latin America despite the 1999 economic slump. (references)

Egypt

Standard and Poor's issued a report in June 2001 that reaffirmed Egypt's investment rating at BBB-, but lowered the long-term local debt ratings from A- to BBB+ and short-term ratings from A-1 to A-2. (references)

Chile

Chile's credit rating remains the best in Latin America (ranked A- by Standard & Poor's for long-term foreign currency and AA for long-term local currency) despite the general lack of confidence in emerging markets that resulted from the successive Asian, Russian, and Brazilian financial crises of the late 1990s. Since Chile first received an investment-grade rating in 1992, domestic firms have raised funds abroad by borrowing, selling bonds, and issuing stock. (references)

Political Economy

HUNGARY

Moody's has upgraded the foreign currency ceilings for bonds and bank deposits in Hungary from Baa1 to A3, and other major credit rating companies to A- at the end of 2000. A standby credit arrangement with the IMF ended in February 1998 by mutual agreement. (references)

Trade

Argentina

A- The following example illustrates the import of Industrial furnaces or ovens (HS 8417.10.10) by a private company, for resale. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: A-

"A-" is generally used as a lexical verb (base form) -- approximately 33.33% of the time. "A-" is used about 21 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Lexical Verb (base form)33.33%7133,076
Noun (common)28.57%6143,867
Adjective (general or positive)23.81%5157,705
Noun (singular)14.29%3202,518
                    Total100.00%21N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: A-

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

a-

24

a- lyrics universe z

18

a- lyrics z

13

a- blood type

5

a- teen

4

a- team

3

a- lyrics

2
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: A-

Language Translations for "A-"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Dutch

  

vergeleken afschrift,uitgegeven voor- (collated copy, issued as a-). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

α-. (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

a-ay.(various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Anagrams: A-

.

.

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

 Words containing the letters "a"
 

+1 letter: aa, ab, ad, ae, ag, ah, ai, al, am, an, ar, as, at, aw, ax, ay, ba, fa, ha, ka, la, ma, na, pa, ta, ya.

 

+2 letters: aah, aal, aas, aba, abo, abs, aby, ace, act, add, ado, ads, adz, aff, aft, aga, age, ago, aha, aid, ail, aim, ain, air, ais, ait, ala, alb, ale, all, alp, als, alt, ama, ami, amp, amu, ana, and, ane, ani, ant, any, ape, apt, arb, arc, are, arf, ark, arm, ars, art, ash, ask, asp, ass, ate, att, auk, ava, ave, avo, awa, awe, awl, awn, axe, aye, ays, azo, baa, bad, bag, bah, bal, bam, ban, bap, bar, bas, bat, bay, boa, bra, cab, cad, cam, can, cap, car, cat, caw, cay, dab, dad, dag, dah, dak, dal, dam, dap, daw, day, ear, eat, eau, era, eta, fad, fag, fan, far, fas, fat, fax, fay, gab, gad, gae, gag, gal, gam, gan, gap, gar, gas, gat, gay, goa, had, hae, hag, hah, haj, ham, hao, hap, has, hat, haw, hay, jab, jag, jam, jar, jaw, jay, kab, kae, kaf, kas, kat, kay, kea, koa, lab, lac, lad, lag, lam, lap, lar, las, lat, lav, law, lax, lay, lea, mac, mad, mae, mag, man, map, mar, mas, mat, maw, max, may, moa, nab, nae, nag, nah, nam, nan, nap, naw, nay, oaf, oak, oar, oat, oca, oka, ora, ova, pac, pad, pah, pal, pam, pan, pap, par, pas, pat, paw, pax, pay, pea, pia, pya, qat, qua, rad, rag, rah, raj, ram, ran, rap, ras, rat, raw, rax, ray, ria, rya, sab, sac, sad, sae, sag, sal, sap, sat, sau, saw, sax, say, sea, sha, ska, spa, tab, tad, tae, tag, taj, tam, tan, tao, tap, tar, tas, tat, tau, tav, taw, tax, tea, twa, uta, vac, van, var, vas, vat, vau, vav, vaw, via, wab, wad, wae, wag, wan, wap, war, was, wat, waw, wax, way, wha, yah, yak, yam, yap, yar, yaw, yay, yea, zag, zap, zax, zoa.

 

+3 letters: aahs, aals, abas, abba, abbe, abed, abet, able, ably, abos, abri, abut, abye, abys, aced, aces, ache, achy, acid, acme, acne, acre, acta, acts, acyl, adds, adit, ados, adze, aeon, aero, aery, afar, agar, agas, aged, agee, ager, ages, agha, agin, agio, agly, agma, agog, agon, ague, ahem, ahoy, aide, aids, ails, aims, ains, airn, airs, airt, airy, aits, ajar, ajee, akee, akin, alae, alan, alar, alas, alba, albs, alec, alee, alef, ales, alfa, alga, alif, alit, alky, alls, ally, alma, alme, alms, aloe, alow, alps, also, alto, alts, alum, amah, amas, ambo, amen, amia, amid, amie, amin, amir, amis, ammo, amok, amps, amus, amyl, anal, anas, ands, anes, anew, anga, anil, anis, ankh, anna, anoa, anon, ansa, anta, ante, anti, ants, anus, aped, aper, apes, apex, apod, apse, aqua, arak, arbs, arch, arco, arcs, area, ares, arfs, aria, arid, aril, arks, arms, army, arse, arts, arty, arum, arvo, aryl, asci, asea, ashy, asks, asps, atap, ates, atma, atom, atop, auks, auld, aunt, aura, auto, aver, aves, avid, avos, avow, away, awed, awee, awes, awls, awns, awny, awol, awry, axal, axed, axel, axes, axil, axis, axle, axon, ayah, ayes, ayin, azan, azon, baal, baas, baba, babe, babu, baby, bach, back, bade, bads, baff, bags, baht, bail, bait, bake, bald, bale, balk, ball, balm, bals, bams, band, bane, bang, bani, bank, bans, baps, barb, bard, bare, barf, bark, barm, barn, bars, base, bash, bask, bass, bast, bate, bath, bats, batt, baud, bawd, bawl, bays, bead, beak, beam, bean, bear, beat, beau, bema, beta, bias, bima, blab, blae, blah, blam, blat, blaw, boar, boas, boat, bola, bora, bota, brad, brae, brag, bran, bras, brat, braw, bray, bura, cabs, caca, cade, cadi, cads, cafe, caff, cage, cagy, caid, cain, cake, caky, calf, calk, call, calm, calo, calx, came, camp, cams, cane, cans, cant, cape, caph, capo, caps, carb, card, care, cark, carl, carn, carp, carr, cars, cart, casa, case, cash, cask, cast, cate, cats, caul, cave, cavy, caws, cays, ceca, chad, cham, chao, chap, char, chat, chaw, chay, chia, ciao, clad, clag, clam, clan, clap, claw, clay, coal, coat, coax, coca, coda, cola, coma, coxa, crab, crag, cram, crap, craw, cyan, cyma, czar, dabs, dace, dada, dado, dads, daff, daft, dago, dags, dahl, dahs, dais, daks, dale, dals, dame, damn, damp, dams, dang, dank, daps, darb, dare, dark, darn, dart, dash, data, date, dato, daub, daut, davy, dawk, dawn, daws, dawt, days, daze, dead, deaf, deal, dean, dear, deva, dhak, dhal, dial, dita, diva, doat, dona, dopa, drab, drag, dram, drat, draw, dray, duad, dual, duma, dura, dyad, each, earl, earn, ears, ease, east, easy, eath, eats, eaux, eave, egad, egal, elan, epha, eras, etas, etna, exam, eyas, eyra, face, fact, fade, fado, fads, fags, fail, fain, fair, fake, fall, falx, fame, fane, fang, fano, fans, fard, fare, farl, farm, faro, fart, fash, fast, fate, fats, faun, faux, fava, fave, fawn, fays, faze, feal, fear, feat, feta, fiar, fiat, fila, flab, flag, flak, flam, flan, flap, flat, flaw, flax, flay, flea, foal, foam, fora, frae, frag, frap, frat, fray, gabs, gaby, gadi, gads, gaed, gaen, gaes, gaff, gaga, gage, gags, gain, gait, gala, gale, gall, gals, gama, gamb, game, gamp, gams, gamy, gane, gang, gaol, gape, gaps, gapy, garb, gars, gash, gasp, gast, gate, gats, gaud, gaum, gaun, gaur, gave, gawk, gawp, gays, gaze, gear, geta, ghat, giga, glad, glia, gnar, gnat, gnaw, goad, goal, goas, goat, grab, grad, gram, gran, grat, gray, guan, guar, haaf, haar, habu, hack, hade, hadj, haed, haem, haen, haes, haet, haft, hags, haha, hahs, haik, hail, hair, haji, hajj, hake, hale, half, hall, halm, halo, halt, hame, hams, hand, hang, hank, hant, haps, hard, hare, hark, harl, harm, harp, hart, hash, hasp, hast, hate, hath, hats, haul, haut, have, hawk, haws, hays, haze, hazy, head, heal, heap, hear, heat, hila, hoar, hoax, hora, hoya, hula, hwan, hyla, iamb, idea, ikat, ilea, ilia, ilka, imam, inia, iota, isba, ixia, izar, jabs, jack, jade, jagg, jags, jail, jake, jamb, jams, jane, jape, jarl, jars, jato, jauk, jaup, java, jaws, jays, jazz, jean, jiao, jota, juba, juga, jura, kaas, kabs, kadi, kaes, kafs, kagu, kaif, kail, kain, kaka, kaki, kale, kame, kami, kana, kane, kaon, kapa, kaph, karn, kart, kata, kats, kava, kayo, kays, kbar, keas, khaf, khan, khat, kina, kiva, knap, knar, koan, koas, kola, kuna, kvas, kyak, kyar, kyat, labs, lace, lack, lacs, lacy, lade, lads, lady, lags, laic, laid, lain, lair, lake, lakh, laky, lall, lama, lamb, lame, lamp, lams, land, lane, lang, lank, laps, lard, lari, lark, lars, lase, lash, lass, last, late, lath, lati, lats, laud, lava, lave, lavs, lawn, laws, lays, laze, lazy, lead, leaf, leak, leal, lean, leap, lear, leas, leva, liar, lima, lipa, lira, load, loaf, loam, loan, loca, lota, luau, luna, maar, mabe, mace, mach, mack, macs, made, mads, maes, mage, magi, mags, maid, mail, maim, main, mair, make, mako, male, mall, malm, malt, mama, mana, mane, mano, mans, many, maps, marc, mare, mark, marl, mars, mart, mash, mask, mass, mast, mate, math, mats, matt, maud, maul, maun, maut, mawn, maws, maxi, maya, mayo, mays, maze, mazy, mead, meal, mean, meat, mesa, meta, mica, mina, moan, moas, moat, mola, mora, moxa, mura, myna, naan, nabe, nabs, nada, nags, naif, nail, name, nana, nans, naoi, naos, nape, naps, narc, nard, nark, nary, nave, navy, nays, nazi, neap, near, neat, nema, nipa, noma, nona, nota, nova, oafs, oaks, oars, oast, oath, oats, obia, ocas, odea, ofay, ogam, ohia, okas, okay, okra, olea, olla, opah, opal, orad, oral, orca, orra, osar, ossa, oval, paca, pace, pack, pacs, pact, padi, pads, page, paid, paik, pail, pain, pair, pale, pall, palm, palp, pals, paly, pams, pane, pang, pans, pant, papa, paps, para, pard, pare, park, parr, pars, part, pase, pash, pass, past, pate, path, pats, paty, pave, pawl, pawn, paws, pays, peag, peak, peal, pean, pear, peas, peat, phat, pial, pian, pias, pica, pika, pima, pina, pita, plan, plat, play, plea, pram, prao, prat, prau, pray, proa, puja, pula, puma, puna, pupa, pyas, qaid, qats, quad, quag, quai, quay, race, rack, racy, rads, raff, raft, raga, rage, ragi, rags, raia, raid, rail, rain, raja, rake, raki, rale, rami, ramp, rams, rand, rang, rani, rank, rant, rape, raps, rapt, rare, rase, rash, rasp, rate, rath, rato, rats, rave, raws, raya, rays, raze, razz, read, real, ream, reap, rear, rhea, rial, rias, road, roam, roan, roar, rota, ruga, ryas, sabe, sabs, sack, sacs, sade, sadi, safe, saga, sage, sago, sags, sagy, said, sail, sain, sake, saki, sale, sall, salp, sals, salt, same, samp, sand, sane, sang, sank, sans, saps, sard, sari, sark, sash, sass, sate, sati, saul, save, sawn, saws, says, scab, scad, scag, scam, scan, scar, scat, seal, seam, sear, seas, seat, sera, seta, shad, shag, shah, sham, shat, shaw, shay, shea, sial, sima, skag, skas, skat, skua, slab, slag, slam, slap, slat, slaw, slay, snag, snap, snaw, soak, soap, soar, soda, sofa, soja, sola, soma, sora, soya, spae, spam, span, spar, spas, spat, spay, spaz, stab, stag, star, stat, staw, stay, stoa, suba, sura, swab, swag, swam, swan, swap, swat, sway, tabs, tabu, tace, tach, tack, taco, tact, tads, tael, tags, tahr, tail, tain, taka, take, tala, talc, tale, tali, talk, tall, tame, tamp, tams, tang, tank, tans, taos, tapa, tape, taps, tare, tarn, taro, tarp, tars, tart, task, tass, tate, tats, taus, taut, tavs, taws, taxa, taxi, teak, teal, team, tear, teas, teat, tela, tepa, thae, than, that, thaw, toad, toea, toga, tola, tora, trad, tram, trap, tray, tsar, tuba, tufa, tuna, twae, twas, twat, tzar, ulan, ulna, ulva, unai, unau, upas, urea, ursa, utas, uvea, vacs, vagi, vail, vain, vair, vale, vamp, vane, vang, vans, vara, vars, vary, vasa, vase, vast, vats, vatu, vaus, vavs, vaws, veal, vela, vena, vera, vial, viga, vina, visa, vita, viva, wabs, wack, wade, wadi, wads, wady, waes, waff, waft, wage, wags, waif, wail, wain, wair, wait, wake, wale, walk, wall, waly, wame, wand, wane, wans, want, wany, waps, ward, ware, wark, warm, warn, warp, wars, wart, wary, wash, wasp, wast, wats, watt, wauk, waul, waur, wave, wavy, wawl, waws, waxy, ways, weak, weal, wean, wear, weka, wham, whap, what, whoa, woad, wrap, yack, yaff, yagi, yaks, yald, yams, yang, yank, yaps, yard, yare, yarn, yaud, yaup, yawl, yawn, yawp, yaws, yays, yeah, yean, year, yeas, yoga, yuan, yuca, yuga, zags, zany, zaps, zarf, zeal, zeta, zoea.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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Alternative Orthography: A-


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

41 2D

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01000001 00101101

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#65 &#45

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0041 002D

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

3515

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Crosswords
3. Usage: Modern
4. Usage: Commercial
5. Quotations: Non-fiction
6. Usage Frequency
7. Expressions: Internet
8. Translations: Modern
9. Anagrams
10. Orthography
11. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.