14

• January 14 - Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden
• January 29 - French army of Emperor Napoleon I wins the Battle of Brienne
• January 31 - Gervasio Antonio de Posadas becomes Supreme Director of Argentina.
• February - Congress of Chatillon - see George Hamilton Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen
• February 1 - Mayon Volcano, in the Philippines, erupts, killing around 1,200 people; most devastating eruption of Mayon Volcano
• February 11 - Norway's independence is proclaimed, marking the ultimate end of the Kalmar Union
• February 14 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Vauchamps
• February 18 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Montereau
• March 7 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Craonne
• March 9 - the third USS Enterprise reaches Wilmington, North Carolina, returning from the Caribbean.
• March 10 - Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Laon in France.
• March 27 - War of 1812: In northern Alabama, United States forces under General Andrew Jackson defeat the Creek at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.
• April 4 or April 6 - Emperor Napoleon abdicates.
• April 10 - the Duke of Wellington wins the Battle of Toulouse
• May 17 - Norway's new constitution
• May 17 - Occupation of Monaco changes from French to Austrian hands.
• May 30 - The First Treaty of Paris is singed returning France's borders to their 1792 extent. Napoleon I of France is exiled to Elba on the same day.
• July 5 - War of 1812: Battle of Chippewa - American Major General Jacob Brown defeats British General Phineas Riall at Chippewa, Ontario.
• July 24 - War of 1812: General Phineas Riall advances toward Niagara Falls, Ontario to halt Jacob Brown's American invaders.
• July 25 - War of 1812: Battle of Lundy's Lane - Reinforcements arrive near Niagara Falls, Ontario for General Riall's British and Canadian force, and bloody, all-night battle with Jacob Brown's Americanss commences at 18.00; Americans retreat to Fort Erie.
• August 13 - signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
• September 11 - USS Ticonderoga is victorious in the Battle of Lake Champlain
• November 28 - London Times newspaper becomes the first to be printed on a steam-powered press.
• December 24 - peace treaty of Ghent ends War of 1812 between United States and Britain.

• George Stephenson designs his first locomotive Blutcher
• Alexandria, Virginia is threatened by the British fleet and pays $100,000 for immunity from attack.
• John Abernethy appointed lecturer in anatomy to the Royal College of Surgeons
• John Keats leaves apprenticeship to become a student at a local hospital
• Sir Walter Scott writes Waverley

Arts, Sciences, Literature and Philosophy

• 1814 in literature:

Births

• January 27 - Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, French architect
• May 30 - Michael Bakunin, anarchist (+ 1876)
• August 28 - Sheridan le Fanu, Irish writer
• November 6 - Adolphe Sax, instrument maker, inventor of the saxophone

Deaths

• January 27 - Philip Astley, the father of modern circus
• March 28 - Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, inventor of the guillotine
• May 29 - Josephine de Beauharnais, Empress of France
• August 31 - Arthur Phillip, the first governer of New South Wales, Australia
• October 19 - Mercy Otis Warren, American playwright
• November 23 - Elbridge Gerry, Vice President of the United States of America, died in office
• December 2 - Donatien Alphonse Francois de Sade

Heads of states

• 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum. Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in Mutina, defeats the forces of the consul Pansa, who is killed.
• 69 - Vitellius, commander of the Rhine armies, defeats Emperor Otho in the Battle of Bedriacum and seizes the throne.
• 1205 - Battle of Adrianople between Bulgars and Crusaders.
• 1450 - Battle of Formigny. French attack and nearly annihilate English, ending English domination in northern France.
• 1632 - Battle of Rain, Swedes under Gustavus Adolphus defeat the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War.
• 1828 - Noah Webster copyrights the first edition of his dictionary
• 1860 - The first Pony Express rider reaches Sacramento, California
• 1865 - Abraham Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth
• 1894 - Thomas Edison demonstrates the kinetoscope, a device for peep-show viewing using photographs that flip in sequence, a precursor to movies
• 1910 - President William Howard Taft begins the tradition of throwing out the first baseball on opening day
• 1912 - RMS Titanic strikes an iceberg on its maiden voyage - it finishes sinking at about 2:20 am the next day.
• 1931 - Spanish Cortes deposes King Alfonso XIII and proclaims the 2nd Spanish Republic
• 1935 -Black Sunday, the worst dust storm of the Dust Bowl
• 1986 - The United States bombs Libya in retaliation for Libyan sponsorship of terrorism against United States citizens
• 1969 - At the Academy Awards, a tie between Katherine Hepburn and Barbra Streisand results in the two sharing the Best Actress Oscar; Hepburn also becomes the only actress to win three Best Actress Oscars.
• 1981 - The space shuttle Columbia passes its first test flight

Births

• 1629 - Christiaan Huygens, mathematician († 1695)
• 1827 - Augustus Henry Lane-Fox Pitt-Rivers, archaeologist († 1900)
• 1831 - Gerhard Rohlfs, scientist († 1896)
• 1886 - Ernst Robert Curtis, romanist († 1956)
• 1891 - Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, politician († 1956)
• 1904 - Sir John Gielgud, actor († 2000)
• 1908 - Hermann Stahl, writer
• 1925 - Rod Steiger, actor († 2002)
• 1936 - Kenneth Mars, actor
• 1940 - Loretta Lynn, country music singer
• 1941 - Pete Rose, baseball player
• 1941 - Julie Christie, actress
• 1942 - Valeri Brumel, athlete († 2003)
• 1942 - Valentin Lebedev, cosmonaut
• 1945 - Ritchie Blackmore, rock music guitarist
• 1951 - Julian Lloyd Webber, musician
• 1966 - Greg Maddux, baseball player
• 1968 - Anthony Michael Hall, actor
• 1973 - Adrien Brody, actor
• 1974 - Da Brat, rap musician
• 1977 - Sarah Michelle Gellar, actress

Deaths

• 1759 - Georg Friedrich Handel, composer (* 1685)
• 1914 - Hubert Bland, co-founder of Fabian Society (* 1855)
• 1917 - Lazarus Ludwig Zamenhof, creator of Esperanto (* 1859)
• 1925 - John Singer Sargent, artist (* 1856)
• 1935 - Amalie Emmy Noether, mathematician (* 1882)
• 1964 - Rachel Carson, writer, ecologist (* 1907)
• 1975 - Fredric March, actor
• 1978 - Sophia Lyon Fahs, educator and religious theorist, dies at 101
• 1986 - Simone de Beauvoir, feminist philosopher (* 1908)
• 1995 - Burl Ives, folk singer, actor
• 1999 - Anthony Newley, actor, singer
• 2001 - Hiroshi Teshigahara, director (* 1927)

Holidays and Observances

See Also:

April 13 - April 15 - March 14 - May 14 -- listing of all days

January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December

• 410 - Alaric sacks Rome
• 1385 - Castilians are defeated by Portuguese at theBattle of Aljubarrota
• 1598 - Irish under Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, destroy English force at the Battle of Yellow Ford
• 1842 - Second Seminole War ends, Seminole Indians forced from Florida to Oklahoma
• 1880 - Cologne Cathedral completed
• 1896 - Gold discovered in the Yukon
• 1900 - Beijing occupied by joint European-Japanese-United States force in campaign to end Boxer Rebellion in China
• 1912 - United States Marines invade Nicaragua
• 1933 - Loggers cause a forest fire in the Coast Range of Oregon, later known as the first forest fire of the Tillamook Burn. It is extinguished on September 5, after destroying 240,000 acres.
• 1935 - Social Security Act passed
• 1941 - World War II - Winston Churchill and Franklin Delano Roosevelt sign the Atlantic Charter of war stating postwar aims
• 1945 - World War II - Japan surrenders following Soviet invasion of Manchuria and devastation of two cities by atomic bombs, ending the war
• 1947 - Pakistan and India gain independence from Britain at midnight, Pakistan commemorating the event on August 14 and India on August 15
• 1967 - In the United Kingdom a Marine Offences Act came into force prompting many offshore radio stations to close, most prominently Radio London off Frinton in Essex at 3pm local time on this day. Act boosted campaign for onshore commercial radio to be legalised enabling listeners to choose a non BBC English language station and for establishment style of BBC radio to be relaxed and refreshed. See BBC Radio 1
• 1969 - British troops deployed in Northern Ireland
• 1971 - Bahrain declares its independence from Great Britain
• 1972 - An East German Ilyushin-62 crashed during takeoff from East Berlin killing 156
• 1980 - Lech Walesa leads strikes at Gdansk, Poland shipyards
• 2003 - Widescale power blackout in the northeast United States and Canada.

Births

• 1771 - Sir Walter Scott, Scottish historical novelist and poet
• 1840 - Richard von Krafft-Ebing, psychologist (+ 1902)
• 1861 - Herbert Putnam, Librarian of Congress
• 1863 - Ernest Thayer, poet: Casey at the Bat (+ 1940)
• 1867 - John Galsworthy, author (+ 1933)
• 1910 - Pierre Schaeffer, composer and pioneer of musique concrete
• 1920 - Nehemiah Persoff, actor
• 1925 - Russell Baker, columnist
• 1926 - Lina Wertmüller, director
• 1926 - René Goscinny, comic-strip author
• 1935 - John Brodie, professional football player
• 1940 - Dash Crofts, musician
• 1941 - David Crosby, guitarist, songwriter
• 1943 - Jimmy Johnson, former NFL head coach, TV analyst
• 1945 - Steve Martin, comedian, actor
• 1945 - Wim Wenders, director
• 1946 - Susan Saint James, actress
• 1946 - Antonio Fargas, actor
• 1947 - Danielle Steel, novelist
• 1950 - Gary Larson, cartoonist
• 1952 - Debbie Meyer, Olympic gold medal swimmer
• 1959 - Earvin Magic Johnson, basketball player
• 1959 - Marcia Gay Harden, Academy Award winning actress
• 1960 - Sarah Brightman, singer
• 1961 - Susan Olsen, actress
• 1964 - Brannon Braga, writer, director
• 1965 - Emmanuelle Beart, Cesar Award winning actress
• 1966 - Halle Berry, Academy Award winning actress
• 1976 - April Edlow, African American artist and photographer

Deaths

• 1433 - King John I of Portugal
• 1951 - William Randolph Hearst, newspaper magnate
• 1955 - Herbert Putnam, Librarian of Congress
• 1956 - Bertolt Brecht, composer, playwright
• 1958 - Frédéric Joliot, scientist
• 1972 - Oscar Levant, actor, composer, musician
• 1977 - Michael Widman, labor union organizer
• 1985 - Gale Sondergaard, actress
• 2002 - Dave Williams, singer for Drowning Pool

Holidays and observances

See Also:

August 13 - August 15 - July 14 - September 14 -- listing of all days

January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December

• 867 - Adrian II becomes Pope
• 872 - John VIII becomes Pope
• 1287 - Zuider Zee sea wall collapses, killing over 50,000 people
• 1790 - Alexander Hamilton proposes creation of a Bank of the United States
• 1819 - Alabama becomes the 22nd U.S. state
• 1900 - Max Planck publishes his study of the quantum theory
• 1902 - First telegraph cable laid across the Pacific Ocean
• 1911 - First expedition reaches the South Pole, led by Roald Amundsen
• 1927 - Iraq gains independence from the United Kingdom
• 1939 - USSR expelled from the League of Nations
• 1946 - UN General Assembly votes to establish its headquarters in New York City
• 1947 - NASCAR founded
• 1964 - Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States 379 US 241 1964 decided by U.S. Supreme Court
• 1981 - Israel annexes the Golan Heights
• 2000 - The Texas 7 robs a Radio Shack in Pearland, Texas. They stole police scanners that would be used in their following infamous heist.

Births

• 1503 - Nostradamus, astrologer and mathematician († 1566)
• 1546 - Tycho Brahe, astronomer († 1601)
• 1640 (baptism date) - Aphra Behn, playwright, novelist († 1689)
• 1824 - Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, painter († 1898)
• 1866 - Roger Fry, artist, art critic
• 1870 - Karl Renner, politician and President of Austria 1945-1950 († 1950)
• 1896 - King George VI of the United Kingdom (+ 1952)
• 1896 - Jimmy Doolittle American World War II General († 1993)
• 1897 - Margaret Chase Smith, American politician
• 1902 - Frances Bavier, actress († 1989)
• 1908 - Morey Amsterdam, comedian, actor († 1996)
• 1909 - Edward Tatum, geneticist († 1975)
• 1911 - Spike Jones, comedian, musician († 1975)
• 1913 - Dan Dailey, actor (+ 1978)
• 1914 - Karl Carstens, politician and President of Germany 1979-1984 († 1992)
• 1919 - Shirley Jackson, writer († 1965)
• 1923 - Gerard Reve, Dutch writer
• 1932 - Charlie Rich, country music performer († 1995)
• 1935 - Lee Remick, actgress († 1991)
• 1938 - Leonardo Boff, theologian
• 1939 - Ernie Davis, American football star († 1963)
• 1946 - Patty Duke, actress
• 1946 - Jane Birkin, actress
• 1946 - Michael Ovitz, film producer
• 1948 - Marianne Fritz, writer
• 1962 - Ginger Lynn Allen, pornographic film actress
• 1979 - Michael Owen, football star

Deaths

• 1542 - James V of Scotland
• 1788 - Charles III of Spain
• 1799 - George Washington, first President of the United States
• 1861 - Prince Albert, consort of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom
• 1873 - Louis Agassiz, zoologist, geologist
• 1963 - Dinah Washington, singer
• 1964 - William Bendix, actor
• 1985 - Roger Maris, Baseball Hall of Famer
• 1989 - Andrei D. Sakharov, physicist, Soviet dissident
• 1990 - Friedrich Dürrenmatt, writer
• 1993 - Myrna Loy, actress
• 1998 - Norman Fell, actor

Holidays and observances

See Also:

December 13 - December 15 - November 14 - January 14 -- listing of all days

January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December

• 1014 - Pope Benedict VIII recognizes Henry of Bavaria as King of Germany.
• 1076 - Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
• 1556 - Thomas Cranmer is declared a heretic.
• 1743 - Henry Pelham becomes Prime Minister of England.
• 1779 - James Cook is killed by the natives of the Sandwich Islands.
• 1803 - Chief Justice John Marshall declares that any act of Congress which conflicts with the Constitution is void.
• 1849 - In New York City, James Knox Polk becomes the first President of the United States to have his photograph taken.
• 1859 - Oregon is admitted as the 33rd U.S. state.
• 1876 - Alexander Graham Bell applies for a patent for the telephone.
• 1879 - The War of the Pacific broke out when Chilean armed forces occupied the Bolivian port city of Antofagasta.
• 1895 - First showing of Oscar Wilde's last play The Importance of Being Earnest (St. James' Theatre in London).
• 1899 - Voting machines are approved by the United States Congress for use in federal elections.
• 1900 - Russia responds to international pressure to free Finland by tightening imperial control over the country.
• 1900 - Boer War: In South Africa, 20,000 British troops invade the Orange Free State.
• 1903 - The United States Department of Commerce and Labor is established (later split into Dept. of Commerce and Dept. of Labor).
• 1912 - Arizona is admitted as the 48th U.S. state.
• 1912 - In Groton, Connecticut, the first diesel-powered submarine is commissioned.
• 1918 - The movie Tarzan of the Apes is released.
• 1918 - The Soviet Union adopts the Gregorian calendar (1 February according to the Julian calendar).
• 1920 - The League of Women Voters is founded in Chicago, Illinois.
• 1924 - IBM corporation founded.
• 1929 - St. Valentine's Day Massacre: Seven gangsters rivalling Al Capone are murdered in Chicago, Illinois.
• 1943 - World War II:Rostov, Russia is liberated.
• 1943 - World War II: The Battle of the Kasserine Pass - German General Erwin Rommel and his Afrika Korps launch an offensive against Allied defenses in Tunisia; it is the United States' first major battle defeat of the war.
• 1944 - World War II: Anti-Japanese revolt on Java.
• 1945 - Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay and Peru join the United Nations.
• 1946 - The Bank of England is nationalized.
• 1946 - ENIAC (for "Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer"), the first general-purpose electronic computer, is unveiled at the University of Pennsylvania.
• 1949 - The Knesset (Israeli parliament) first convenes.
• 1952 - 1952 Winter Olympic Games open in Oslo, Norway.
• 1961 - Discovery of the chemical elements: Element 103, Lawrencium, is first synthesized (Berkeley, California).
• 1962 - First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy takes television viewers on a tour of the White House.
• 1979 - In Kabul, Muslim extremists kidnap the American ambassador to Afghanistan, Adolph Dubs who is later killed during a gunfight between his kidnappers and police.
• 1980 - 1980 Winter Olympic Games open in Lake Placid, New York.
• 1980 - Walter Cronkite announces his retirement from CBS Evening News.
• 1985 - CNN reporter Jeremy Levin is freed from captivity in Lebanon.
• 1989 - Union Carbide agrees to pay USD $470 million to the Indian government for damages it caused in the 1984 Bhopal Disaster.
• 1989 - Iranian leader Ruhollah Khomeini encourages Muslims to kill the author of The Satanic Verses, Salman Rushdie.
• 1989 - The first of 24 satellites of the Global Positioning System is placed into orbit.
• 1998 - Authorities in the United States announce that Eric Robert Rudolph is a suspect in an Alabama abortion clinic bombing.

Births

• 1483 - Zahir al-Din Mohammed Babur Shah, founder of the Moghul dynasty (+ 1530)
• 1766 - Thomas Malthus, economist (+ 1834)
• 1819 - Joshua A. Norton, Emperor Norton I of the United States of America and Protector of Mexico (+ 1880)
• 1856 - Frank Harris, author and editor (+ 1931)
• 1869 - Charles Wilson, physicist
• 1890 - Nina Hamnett, artist (+ 1956)
• 1894 - Jack Benny, actor, comedian (+ 1974)
• 1895 - Max Horkheimer, philosopher and sociologist (+ 1973)
• 1898 - Fritz Zwicky, physicist and astronomer (+ 1974)
• 1905 - Thelma Ritter, actress (+ 1969)
• 1913 - Jimmy Hoffa, labor union leader (+ 1975 (disappeared))
• 1913 - Mel Allen, sports reporter (+ 1996)
• 1916 - Masaki Kobayashi, director
• 1917 - Herbert A. Hauptman, biophysicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985
• 1921 - Hugh Downs, game show host, journalist
• 1929 - Vic Morrow, actor (+ 1982)
• 1932 - Alexander Kluge, actor and film director
• 1934 - Florence Henderson, actress
• 1943 - Maceo Parker, musician (P-Funk)
• 1944 - Alan Parker, director, writer
• 1944 - Carl Bernstein, journalist
• 1946 - Gregory Hines, dancer, actor
• 1948 - Raymond Teller, magician (Penn and Teller)
• 1970 - Simon Pegg, comedian, writer and actor
• 1980 - Fatima Leyva, Mexican women's soccer player

Deaths

• 1400 - King Richard II of England murdered
• 1405 - Timur (aka Tamerlane), Mongol monarch and conqueror
• 1779 - James Cook (b. 1728), British naval captain and explorer.
• 1831 - Vincente Guerrero, Mexican revolutionary hero
• 1831 - Henry Maudslay, inventor and machine tool-maker
• 1943 - David Hilbert, mathematician
• 1975 - P. G. Wodehouse, writer
• 1994 - Andrei Chikatilo, Russian serial killer (executed)
• 1999 - John Ehrlichman, presidential advisor
• 2003 - Dolly the sheep, the world's first cloned mammal

Holidays and observances

• Denmark - Gaekkebrev - gift exchange by school kids
• Mexico - Day of National Mourning (1831)
• Arizona - Admission Day (1912)
• Oregon - Admission Day (1859)
• international - Valentine's Day
• Lupercalia
• Catholicism - Feast day of Saint Valentine
• Catholicism - Feast day of Saints Cyril and Methodius

February 13 - February 15 - January 14 - March 14 -- historical anniversaries

January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December

Births

• 1741 - Benedict Arnold (General in United States' Revolutionary War, turncoat) († 1801)
• 1798 - Johan Rudolf Thorbecke, Dutch politician († 1872)
• 1800 - Ludwig Alois Ferdinand Köchel, Austrian researcher on music († 1877)
• 1836 - Henri Fantin-Latour, painter († 1904)
• 1841 - Berthe Morisot, Impressionist Painter († 1895)
• 1861 - Mehmed VI, future Ottoman sultan († 1926)
• 1866?- G. I. Gurdjieff, Greek-Armenian mystic and teacher of dancing. He stated that he was born at the stroke of midnight at the beginning of New Year's Day, Julian calendar († 1949)
• 1875 - Albert Schweitzer, Alsatian physician, philosopher, and musician, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize 1952 († 1965)
• 1886 - Hugh Lofting, author († 1947)
• 1892 - Hal Roach, film producer († 1992)
• 1896 - Martin Niemöller, German theologian and pacifist († 1984)
• 1896 - John Dos Passos, author († 1970)
• 1904 - Cecil Beaton, photographer († 1980)
• 1906 - William Bendix, actor († 1964)
• 1908 - Rus Columbo, singer, bandleader, composer
• 1912 - Rudolf Hagelstange, German lyricist, narrator and essayist († 1984)
• 1914 - Harold Russell, actor († 2002)
• 1915 - Mark Goodson, game show producer († 1992)
• 1919 - Andy Rooney, television journalist
• 1926 - Tom Tryon, actor, novelist († 1991)
• 1931 - Caterina Valente, singer, actress
• 1933 - Stan Brakhage, filmmaker († 2003)
• 1938 - Jack Jones, singer, actor
• 1940 - Julian Bond, civil rights activist (cofounder of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, chairman of NAACP board of directors)
• 1941 - Faye Dunaway, actress
• 1942 - Stig Engström, actor
• 1948 - Carl Weathers, actor
• 1948 - T-Bone Burnett, producer, musician
• 1949 - Lawrence Kasdan, director, screenwriter
• 1963 - Steven Soderbergh, director
• 1967 - Emily Watson, actres
• 1968 - LL Cool J, rapper, actor
• 1969 - Jason Bateman, actor
• 1969 - David Grohl, drummer, composer

Deaths

• 1898 - Lewis Carroll, writer, mathematician
• 1957 - Humphrey Bogart, actor
• 1965 - Jeanette MacDonald, actress, singer
• 1966 - Barry Fitzgerald, actor
• 1972 - King Frederick IX of Denmark
• 1977 - Peter Finch, actor
• 1977 - Anaïs Nin, author
• 1977 - Anthony Eden, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
• 1978 - Kurt Gödel, mathematician
• 1986 - Donna Reed, actress
• 1988 - Georgi Malenkov, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party

Holidays and observances

See Also:

January 13 - January 15 - December 14 - February 14 -- listing of all days

January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December

• 1223 - In France, Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father.
• 1789 - French Revolution: Parisians storm the Bastille Prison in Paris and free seven political prisoners.
• 1791 - The Priestley Riots in Birmingham, England.
• 1798 - The Sedition Act becomes United States law making it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the United States government.
• 1933 - In Germany, all political parties are outlawed except the Nazi Party.
• 1940 - World War II: Andrew George Latta McNaughton takes command 7th Army Corps consisting of British, Canadian and New Zealand troops.
• 1951 - In Joplin, Missouri, George Washington Carver National Monument becomes the first United States National Monument in honor of an African American.
• 1958 - Iraqi Revolution: In Iraq the monarchy is overthrown by Arab nationalists and Abdul Karim Kassem becomes the nation's new leader.
• 1965 - Mariner 4 flyby of Mars.
• 1966 - In Chicago, Illinois, Richard Speck murders eight student nurses in their dormitory.
• 2001 - The International Olympic Committee votes for Beijing to be the host of the 2008 Olympics. This is the first time that China had been bestowed this honor.
• 2002 - During Bastille Day celebrations, Jacques Chirac escapes an assassination attempt unscathed.

Births

• 1602 - Jules Mazarin, statesman and cardinal (+ 1661)
• 1860 - Owen Wister, author, "The Virginian" (+ 1938)
• 1862 - Gustav Klimt, painter and graphic artist (+ 1918)
• 1868 - Gertrude Bell, archaeologist, writer, spy and administrator known as the "Uncrowned Queen of Iraq" (+ 1926)
• 1904 - Isaac Bashevis Singer, author (+ 1991)
• 1910 - William Hanna, animator (+ 2001)
• 1912 - Woody Guthrie, folk musician. (+ 1967)
• 1912 - Northrop Frye, educator, literary critic (+ 1991)
• 1913 - Gerald Ford, American president
• 1916 - Natalia Ginzburg, writer (+ 1991)
• 1918 - Ingmar Bergman, film and theatre director
• 1918 - Arthur Laurents, playwright, novelist, and director
• 1919 - Lino Ventura, actor (+ 1987)
• 1926 - Harry Dean Stanton, actor
• 1927 - John Chancellor, television commentator (+ 1996)
• 1938 - Jerry Rubin, 60s activist (+ 1994)
• 1977 - Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden

Deaths

• 1223 - Philip II of France, King of France
• 1887 - Alfred Krupp (Alfried Felix Alwyn Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach}, German munitions manufacturer
• 1904 - Anton Chekhov - Russian playwright and short story writer
• 1965 - Adlai Stevenson, US presidential candidate
• 2002 - Joaquin Balaguer, Dominican political leader
• 2002 - Qiqi, the longest-living captive Chinese River Dolphin
• 2003 - André Claveau, French singer.

Holidays and observances

• France and all French dependencies - Bastille Day
• Iraq - National Day
• Kiribati - Independence Day, 3rd day, not a holiday
• Sweden - Birthday of Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden, an official flag day

July 13 - July 15 - June 14 - August 14 -- listing of all days

January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December

• 1381 - King Richard II of England meets the leaders of Peasants Revolt
• 1645 - English Civil War: Battle of Naseby
• 1775 - The United States Army is established
• 1777 - Stars and Stripes adopted by Congress as the Flag of the United States
• 1789 - HMS Bounty mutineers reach Timor.
• 1822 - Charles Babbage proposes a Difference engine
• 1834 - Isaac Fischer, Jr. patents sandpaper
• 1841 - The first Parliament of Canada meets, in Kingston, Ontario
• 1846 - Foundation of the California Republic
• 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Second Winchester
• 1872 - Trade unions legalised in Canada
• 1881 - John McTammany, Jr. patents the player piano
• 1900 - The Republic of Hawaii becomes a United States territory
• 1919 - John Alcock and Arthur Brown depart St. John's, Newfoundland on the first nonstop transatlantic flight
• 1923 - Warren G. Harding becomes the first President of the United States to use the radio
• 1937 - Pennsylvania becomes the first (and only) of the United States to celebrate Flag Day officially as a state holiday)
• 1938 - Dorothy Lathrop wins the first Caldecott Medal
• 1940 - World War II: Germans enter Paris during
• 1940 - Auschwitz is opened by the Germans
• 1941 - Mass deportations by Soviet Union authorities take place in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
• 1949 - The state of Vietnam is formed
• 1951 - UNIVAC I is dedicated by U.S. Census Bureau
• 1952 - The keel is laid for the nuclear submarine USS Nautilus
• 1954 - The first nationwide civil defense drill is held in the United States
• 1956 - Words "under God" added to the United States Pledge of Allegiance
• 1966 - The Vatican announces abolishment of the Index of Prohibited Books
• 1982 - War ends between United Kingdom and Argentina over the Falkland/Malvinas Islands (the "Falklands War")
• 1985 - TWA Flight 847 is hijacked by Hezbollah

Births

• 1671 - Tomaso Albinoni, composer (+ 1751)
• 1736 - Charles Augustin de Coulomb, mathematician, grandfather of soil mechanics (+ 1806)
• 1832 - Nikolaus Otto, engineer (+ 1891)
• 1852 - Harriet Beecher Stowe, author (+ 1896)
• 1864 - Alois Alzheimer, physician (+ 1915)
• 1877 - Jane Bathori, opera singer (+ 1970)
• 1901 - Clarence Day, ice hockey player
• 1906 - Margaret Bourke-White, photojournalist
• 1909 - Burl Ives, musician (+ 1995)
• 1919 - Dorothy McGuire, actress (+ 2001)
• 1919 - Sam Wanamaker, actor (+ 1993)
• 1919 or 1921 - Gene Barry, actor
• 1925 - Pierre Salinger, political operative
• 1926 - Don Newcombe, baseball player
• 1926 - Hermann Kant, author
• 1928 - Ernesto (Che) Guevara, revolutionary (+ 1967)
• 1929 - Cy Coleman, composer
• 1933 - Jerzy Kosinski, author (+ 1999)
• 1940 - Ben Davidson, American football player
• 1943 - Newt Gingrich, United States politican
• 1945 - Jörg Immendorf, painter
• 1945 - Rod Argent, musician ("The Zombies")
• 1946 - Donald Trump, business tycoon
• 1946 - Marla Gibbs, actress
• 1946 - Harold Frederick Shipman, British serial killer
• 1949 - Harry Turtledove, science fiction author
• 1951 - Paul Boateng, British politican
• 1958 - Eric Heiden, Olympic speed skater
• 1961 - Boy George, singer ("Culture Club")
• 1968 - Yasmine Bleeth, actress
• 1969 - Steffi Graf, tennis player

Deaths

• 1801 - Benedict Arnold, General
• 1864 - General Leonidas Pope
• 1920 - Max Weber, sociologist
• 1926 - Mary Cassatt, artist
• 1927 - Jerome K. Jerome, author
• 1928 - Emmeline Pankhurst, feminist
• 1932 - Dorimène Roy Desjardins, business pioneer
• 1936 - Maxim Gorky, author
• 1936 - G. K. Chesterton, author
• 1946 - John Logie Baird, television pioneer
• 1972 - Martin Dies, American politician
• 1986 - Jorge Luis Borges, writer
• 1986 - Alan Jay Lerner, composer
• 1991 - Dame Peggy Ashcroft, actress
• 1994 - Henry Mancini, composer
• 1995 - Roger Zelazny, science fiction author
• 1995 - Rory Gallagher, musician, composer
• 1996 - Ella Fitzgerald, singer
• 1997 - Richard Jaeckel, actor

Holidays and observances

• Flag Day (United States)
• Mother's Day (Afghanistan)
• Roman Empire - eighth day of the Vestalia in honor of Vesta

June 13 - June 15 - May 14 - July 14 -- listing of all days

January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December

• 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.
• 1492 - Queen Isabella of Castille ordered her 150 000 Jewish subjects to convert to Christianity or face expulsion.
• 1647 - Thirty Years War: Bavaria, Cologne, France and Sweden sign the Treaty of Neutrality.
• 1757 - On-board the HMS Monarch, Admiral John Byng is executed by firing squad for neglecting his duty.
• 1794 - Eli Whitney is granted a patent for the cotton gin.
• 1869 - Defeat of Titokowaru.
• 1900 - The Gold Standard Act is ratified placing United States currency on the gold standard.
• 1903 - The Hay-Herran Treaty, granting the United States the right to build the Panama Canal, is ratified by the United States Senate. The Columbian Senate would later reject the treaty.
• 1915 - World War I: Off the coast of Chile, the Royal Navy sinks the German battleship Dresden.
• 1923 - Pete Parker does the first ever complete radio broadcast of a hockey game in the world, in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.
• 1951 - Korean War: For the second time, United Nations troops recapture Seoul.
• 1964 - A jury in Dallas, Texas finds Jack Ruby guilty of killing John F. Kennedy assassin Lee Harvey Oswald.
• 1967 - The body of President John F. Kennedy is moved to a permanent burial place at Arlington National Cemetery.
• 1979 - In China, a Trident aircraft crashes into a factory near Beijing killing at least 200.
• 1980 - In Poland, a plane crashes during an emergency landing near Warsaw killing a 14-man American boxing team and 73 others.
• 1984 - Gerry Adams is seriously wounded in an assassination attempt.
• 1989 - Gun control: President George H. W. Bush bans the importation of assault rifles into the United States.
• 1991 - After 16 years in prison for allegedly bombing a pub in an Irish Republican Army attack, the "Birmingham Six" are freed when a court determines that the police fabricated evidence.
• 1995 - Manned space mission: Astronaut Norman Thagard becomes the first American astronaut to ride to space on-board a Russian launch vehicle.
• 1996 - American President Bill Clinton commits $100 million to an anti-terrorism agreement with Israel to track down and root out terrorists.
• 1998 - An earthquake measuring 6.9 on the Richter scale hits southeastern Iran.

Births

• 1681 - Georg Philipp Telemann, composer (+ 1767)
• 1804 - Johann Strauß, Sr, composer (+ 1849)
• 1853 - Ferdinand Hodler, painter (+ 1918)
• 1854 - Paul Ehrlich, physician, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908 (+ 1915)
• 1869 - Algernon Blackwood, writer (+ 1951)
• 1879 - Albert Einstein, physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in physics 1921 (+ 1955)
• 1887 - Sylvia Beach, publisher (+ 1962)
• 1912 - Les Brown, band leader (+ 2001)
• 1916 - Horton Foote, writer
• 1920 - Hank Ketcham, cartoonist (Dennis the Menace) (+ 2001)
• 1933 - Michael Caine, actor
• 1933 - Quincy Jones, music producer, composer
• 1941 - Wolfgang Petersen, director, Das Boot
• 1947 - Billy Crystal, actor, comedian
• 1958 - Prince Albert of Monaco
• 1961 - Kirby Puckett, baseball player
• 1983 - Taylor Hanson, Musician in the Group Hanson, Record producer
• 1986 - Jamie Bell, actor

Deaths

• 1883 - Karl Marx, political theorist
• 1932 - George Eastman, inventor
• 1973 - Chic Young, cartoonist (Blondie)
• 1975 - Susan Hayward, actress
• 1976 - Busby Berkeley, choreographer, director
• 1991 - Doc Pomus, composer
• 1997 - Fred Zinnemann, director
• 2003 - Jean-Luc Lagardère, publisher

Holidays and observances

• Pi Day - unofficial holiday
• Roman Empire - Equirria, horses races in honor of Mars were held.

March 13 - March 15 - February 14 - April 14 -- listing of all days

January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December

• 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the de facto ruler of England.
• 1509 - Battle of Agnadello: In northern Italy, French forces defeat Venitians.
• 1643 - Four year-old Louix XIV becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Louis XIII.
• 1787 - In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, delegates begin to meet to write a new Constitution for the United States.
• 1796 - Edward Jenner administers the first smallpox vaccination.
• 1804 - The Lewis and Clark Expedition departs from Camp Dubois and begin their historic journey by traveling up the Missouri River.
• 1889 - children's cruelty charity NSPCC launched in London
• 1900 - The 1900 Summer Olympics open in Paris, France
• 1913 - New York Governor William Sulzer approves the charter for the Rockefeller Foundation which begins operations with a $100,000,000 donation from John D. Rockefeller.
• 1935 - Filipinos ratify an independence agreement.
• 1940 - World War II: The Dutch city of Rotterdam is bombed by the German Luftwaffe.
• 1940 - World War II: The Netherlands surrender to Germany.
• 1948 - Israel declares itself to be an independent state and a provisional government is established.
• 1948 - The murder of a three-year-old girl in Blackburn, England leads to the fingerprinting of more than 40,000 men in the city in an attempt to find the murderer.
• 1955 - Cold War: Eight communist bloc countries including the Soviet Union sign a mutual-defense treaty called the Warsaw Pact.
• 1961 - American civil rights movement: Freedom Riders bus is fire-bombed near Anniston, Alabama and the civil rights protestors are beaten by an angry mob.
• 1973 - Skylab, the United States' first space station, is launched.
• 1995 - The Dalai Lama proclaims 6-year-old Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as the eleventh reincarnation of the Panchen Lama.
• 1998 - After nine years on the air, the series finale of the television sitcom Seinfeld aires on NBC.

Births

• 1316 - Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor (+ 1378)
• 1727 - Thomas Gainsborough, artist (+ 1788)
• 1867 - Kurt Eisner, politician and publicist (+ 1919)
• 1869 - Friedrich Karl Kleine, physician (+ 1951)
• 1884 - Claude Dornier, aircraft designer (+ 1969)
• 1885 - Otto Klemperer, conductor (+ 1973)
• 1912 - Ben Hogan, golfer (+ 1997)
• 1917 - Lou Harrison, composer (+ 2003)
• 1922 - Franjo Tudjman, president of Croatia (+ 1999)
• 1929 - Gump Worsley, Hockey Hall of Famer
• 1931 - Alvin Lucier, composer
• 1934 - Siân Phillips, actress
• 1936 - Bobby Darin, singer (+ 1973)
• 1943 - Jack Bruce, bass guitarist
• 1943 - Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, president of Iceland
• 1944 - George Lucas, film director and producer
• 1952 - David Byrne, singer, songwriter, guitarist
• 1952 - Robert Zemeckis, director
• 1961 - Tim Roth, actor
• 1965 - Mick Foley, professional wrestler and author
• 1965 - Eoin Colfer, writer

Deaths

• 1610 - King Henry IV of France
• 1847 - Fanny Mendelssohn, composer and pianist
• 1912 - August Strindberg, author
• 1925 - H. Rider Haggard, author
• 1931 - David Belasco, writer
• 1957 - Marie Vassilieff, artist
• 1969 - Frederick Lane, Australian swimmer
• 1987 - Rita Hayworth, actress
• 1997 - Harry Blackstone Jr, magician
• 1998 - Frank Sinatra, singer, actor
• 2003 - Dave DeBusschere, NBA basketball player
• 2003 - Robert Stack, actor

Holidays and observances

• Paraguay - Flag Day

May 13 - May 15 - April 14 - June 14 -- listing of all days

January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December

• 1851 - Herman Melville's novel Moby-Dick is published for the first time.
• 1862 - American Civil War: Union President Abraham Lincoln approves General Ambrose Burnside's plan to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia (this led to a dramatic Union defeat at the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13).
• 1889 - Pioneer woman Journalist Nellie Bly (Elizabeth Cochrane) begins an attempt to beat travel around the world in less than 80 days (Bly finished the journey in 72 days, 6 hours and 11 minutes).
• 1918 - Czechoslovakia becomes a republic.
• 1922 - The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) begins radio service in the United Kingdom.
• 1940 - World War II: In England, the city of Coventry is destroyed by 500 German Luftwaffe bombers (150,000 fire bombs, 503 tons of high explosives, 130 parachute mines leveled 60,000 of the city's 75,000 buildings; 568 people were killed).
• 1941 - World War II: The aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal sunk due to torpedo damage from U 81 sustained on November 14.
• 1965 - Vietnam War: Battle of the Ia Drang begins - In the Ia Drang Valley of the Central Highlands in Vietnam, the first major engagement of the war between regular American and North Vietnamese forces begins.
• 1969 - Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 12, the second manned mission to the surface of the Moon.
• 1970 - Southern Airways DC-9 crashes in the mountains near Huntington, West Virgina killing 75
• 1971 - Mariner program: Mariner 9 reaches Mars, becoming the first spacecraft to orbit another planet.
• 1972 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 1,000 (1,003.16) for the first time.
• 1973 - In the United Kingdom, Princess Anne marries a commoner, Captain Mark Phillips, in Westminster Abbey (they divorced in 1992).
• 1975 - Spain abandons Western Sahara.
• 1979 - Iran hostage crisis: US President Jimmy Carter issues Executive Order 12170, freezing all Iranian assets in the United States and US banks in response to the hostage crisis.
• 1982 - The leader of Poland's outlawed Solidarity movement, Lech Walesa, is released from 11 months of internment near the Soviet border.
• 1990 - Germany and Poland sign a treaty confirming the border at the Oder-Neisse line.
• 1991 - American and British authorities announce indictments against two Libyan intelligence officials in connection with the downing of the Pan Am Flight 103.
• 1991 - Cambodian Prince Norodom Sihanouk returns to Phnom Penh after 13 years of exile.
• 1995 - A budget standoff between Democrats and Republicans in the United States Congress forces the federal government to temporarily close national parks and museums and run most government offices with skeleton staff.
• 2000 - Netscape Navigator version 6.0 is launched following two years of open source development creating a stable Mozilla browser upon which it is based.
• 2001 - Attack on Afghanistan: Northern Alliance fighters takeover the capital Kabul.
• 2002 - Argentina defaults on a US$805 million World Bank payment.
• 2002 - The US House of Representatives votes 215 to 203, not to create an independent commission to investigate the September 11 attacks.

Births

• 1668 - Johann von Hildebrandt, Austrian architect (d. 1745)
• 1719 - Leopold Mozart, Austrian musician, father of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
• 1765 - Robert Fulton, American inventor (d. 1815)
• 1776 - Henri Dutrochet, French physiologist (d. 1847)
• 1779 - Adam Oehlenschlager, Danish poet
• 1797 - Charles Lyell, British geologist
• 1803 - Jacob Abbott, American writer
• 1805 - Fanny Mendelssohn, composer and pianist (d. 1847)
• 1828 - James McPherson, American (Union) general (d. 1864)
• 1840 - Claude Monet, French impressionist painter (d. 1926)
• 1883 - Fred Quimby, American producer
• 1889 - Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India (d. 1964)
• 1891 - Frederick Banting, Canadian physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in medicine 1923 (d. 1941)
• 1896 - Mamie Eisenhower, First Lady of the United States (d. 1979)
• 1900 - Aaron Copland, American composer (d. 1990)
• 1904 - Dick Powell, actor (d. 1963)
• 1906 - Louise Brooks, actress (d. 1985)
• 1907 - Astrid Lindgren, Swedish writer (d. 2002)
• 1908 - Joseph McCarthy, American politician (d. 1957)
• 1916 - Sherwood Schwartz, television writer, producer
• 1919 - Veronica Lake, actress (d. 1973)
• 1921 - Brian Keith, actor (d. 1997)
• 1922 - Boutros Boutros-Ghali, UN Secretary-General
• 1929 - Jimmy Piersall, baseball star
• 1929 - McLean Stevenson, actor (d. 1996)
• 1930 - Edward White, American astronaut (d. 1967)
• 1935 - King Hussein of Jordan (d. 1999)
• 1939 - Wendy Carlos, American composer
• 1947 - P. J. O'Rourke, writer
• 1948 - Prince Charles, Prince of Wales
• 1951 - Stephen Bishop, musician
• 1954 - Condoleezza Rice, U.S. National Security Advisor
• 1954 - Yanni, musician
• 1959 - Paul McGann, British actor
• 1966 - Curt Schilling, Arizona Diamondbacks pitcher, baseball star

Deaths

• 1716 - Gottfried Leibniz, philosopher, mathematician
• 1746 - Georg Steller, German naturalist (* 1709)
• 1844 - John Abercrombie, British physician
• 1907 - Andrew Inglis Clark, Australian politician
• 1915 - Booker T. Washington, inventor
• 1916 - H.H. "Saki" Munro, British writer
• 1946 - Manuel de Falla, composer
• 2000 - Robert Trout, journalist

Holidays and Observances

• India - Birthday of Jawaharlal Nehru: Children's day

See Also

November 13 - November 15 - October 14 - December 14 -- listing of all days

January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December

• 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill, seven miles from Hastings, the Norman invasion forces of William the Conqueror defeat the English army and kill King Harold II of England.
• 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Bristol Station - Confederate General Robert E. Lee forces fail to drive the Union army out of Virginia.
• 1912 - While campaigning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, former president Theodore Roosevelt is shot by saloonkeeper William Schrank. With a fresh flesh wound and the bullet still in him, Roosevelt still delivers his scheduled speech.
• 1926 - The children's book Winnie-the-Pooh, by A.A. Milne, is published for the first time.
• 1944 - World War II: Given the choice between a public treason trial and a certain death by firing squad or suicide with honor, German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel chooses the latter.
• 1947 - Chuck Yeager flies a Bell X-1 faster than the speed of sound, the first man to do so in level flight.
• 1960 - US presidential candidate John F. Kennedy first suggests the idea for the Peace Corps.
• 1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis begins: A U-2 flight over Cuba takes photos of Soviet nuclear weapons being installed.
• 1964 - Leonid Brezhnev becomes general secretary of the CPSU and leader of the Soviet Union, ousting Nikita Khrushchev.
• 1964 - American civil rights movement leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr becomes the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, which was awarded to him for leading non-violent resistance to end racial prejudice in the United States.
• 1966 - The city of Montreal inaugurates its metro system (see Montreal Metro).
• 1968 - Vietnam War: The United States Department of Defense announces that the United States Army and United States Marines will be sending about 24,000 troops back to Vietnam for involuntary second tours.
• 1979 - The first gay rights march in the United States takes place in Washington, DC, involving many tens of thousands of people.
• 1981 - Vice President Hosni Mubarak is elected President of Egypt one week after Anwar Sadat was assassinated.
• 1987 - 18 month old Jessica McClure ("Baby Jessica") falls down an abandoned well in Midland, Texas (her nationally televised rescue takes 58 hours).
• 1998 - Eric Robert Rudolph is charged with 6 bombings including the 1996 Centennial Olympic Park bombing in Atlanta, Georgia.

Births

• 1630 - Sophia of Hanover
• 1633 - James II of England and VII of Scotland
• 1644 - William Penn, English founder of Pennsylvania († 1718)
• 1857 - Elwood Haynes, automobile pioneer
• 1861 - Artur Gavazzi, Croatian geographer
• 1882 - Eamon de Valera, Irish politician and patriot († 1975)
• 1890 - Dwight D. Eisenhower, US General of the Army, 34th president of the United States
• 1893 - Lillian Gish, actress († 1993)
• 1894 - E. E. Cummings, American poet († 1962)
• 1904 - Christian Pineau, French World War II resistance fighter
• 1906 - Hannah Arendt, intellectual
• 1910 - John Wooden, basketball coach
• 1911 - Le Duc Tho, Nobel Peace Prize recipient († 1990)
• 1916 - C. Everett Coop, United States Surgeon General
• 1927 - Roger Moore, actor
• 1930 - Joseph Mobutu, president of Zaire († 1997)
• 1935 - La Monte Young, American composer
• 1938 - John W. Dean III, former White House counsel, Watergate figure
• 1938 - Empress Farah of Iran
• 1939 - Ralph Lauren, fashion designer
• 1940 - Cliff Richard, British rock singer
• 1941 - Jerry Glanville, American football coach and commentator
• 1944 - Udo Kier, actor
• 1946 - Craig Venter, American biologist
• 1946 - Justin Hayward, musician ("The Moody Blues")
• 1958 - Thomas Dolby, rock musician
• 1978 - Usher Raymond, singer, actor

Deaths

• 1066 - Harold Godwinson, king of England
• 1660 - Thomas Harrison, English soldier
• 1944 - Erwin Rommel, German Feldmarschall
• 1959 - Errol Flynn, Australian actor
• 1976 - Dame Edith Evans, actress
• 1977 - Bing Crosby, American singer, actor
• 1990 - Leonard Bernstein, American composer, conductor
• 1997 - Harold Robbins, American novelist
• 1998 - Frankie Yankovic, polka musician
• 1998 - Cleveland Amory, writer, animal rights activist
• 2003 - Patrick Dalzel-Job, inspiration for Ian Fleming's James Bond

Holidays

October 13 - October 15 - September 14 - November 14 - more historical anniversaries

• 1752 - The British Empire adopts the Gregorian calendar, skipping eleven days (September 2 was followed directly by September 14 this year)
• 1812 - Russian army burns Moscow to prevent Napoleon from capturing it
• 1812 - Francis Scott Key writes The Star-Spangled Banner
• 1847 - Winfield Scott captures Mexico City
• 1886 - Typewriter ribbon patented
• 1901 - Theodore Roosevelt becomes President of the United States.
• 1917 - Republican government declared in Russia
• 1923 - Miguel Primo de Rivera becomes dictator of Spain
• 1944 - United States Marines land on the island of Peleliu
• 1948 - Groundbreaking for the United Nations headquarters in New York City
• 1959 - The Soviet probe Luna 2 crashes onto the Moon, becoming the first man-made object to reach it.
• 1960 - The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is founded.
• 1964 - The opening of the third period of Second Vatican Council
• 1965 - The opening of the fourth and final period of Second Vatican Council
• 1984 - Joe Kittinger becomes the first person to fly a hot air balloon solo across the Atlantic Ocean.
• 1975 - The first Americann saint, Elizabeth Ann Seton, is canonized by Pope Paul VI
• 2000 - Juan Antonio Samaranch leaves the presidency of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), after 20 years.
• 2003 - Sweden rejects adopting the Euro in a referendum. (Results.)
• 2003 - Estonia approves joining the European Union in a referendum.

Births

• 1547 - Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Dutch statesman
• 1760 - Luigi Cherubini, composer
• 1769 - Alexander von Humboldt, naturalist and explorer
• 1849 - Ivan Pavlov, scientist († 1936)
• 1867 - Charles Dana Gibson, artist († 1944)
• 1879 - Margaret Sanger, birth control advocate († 1966)
• 1899 - Hal Wallis, film producer († 1986)
• 1914 - Clayton Moore, actor († 1999)
• 1921 - Ruth Brooks Flippen, television writer († 1981)
• 1923 - Bud Palmer, sports reporter
• 1933 - Zoe Caldwell, actress
• 1933 - Harve Presnell, actor
• 1934 - Kate Millett, feminist writer
• 1936 - Walter Koenig, actor
• 1938 - Nicol Williamson, actor
• 1947 - Sam Neill, actor
• 1959 - Mary Frances, actress
• 1971 - Kimberly Williams, actress
• 1973 - Nas, rap music singer

Deaths

• 258 - Cyprian, early Christian writer
• 891 - Pope Stephen V
• 1321 - Dante Alighieri, author
• 1638 - John Harvard, clergyman, namesake of Harvard College
• 1851 - James Fenimore Cooper, author
• 1852 - Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, British general and Prime Minister
• 1899 - Henry Bliss, first automobile fatality
• 1901 - United States President William McKinley
• 1927 - Isadora Duncan, dancer
• 1936 - Irving Thalberg, film producer
• 1960 - Sir Arthur Percy Morris Fleming, radar pioneer
• 1966 - Gertrude Berg, actress
• 1982 - Bashir Gemayel, President of Lebanon
• 1982 - Princess Grace of Monaco
• 1984 - Janet Gaynor, Academy Award winning actress
• 1996 - Juliet Prowse, actress, dancer
• 2000 - Beah Richards, actress

Holidays

• Eastern Orthodox Church Exaltation of the Cross, which commemorates the discovery of the (allegedly) original Christian cross in 326 by Helena, mother of Constantine.
• In ancient Greece, the first day of the Eleusinian mysteries, during which the sacred objects were brought from Eleusis to Athens.

See Also: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December