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Definition: Commerce |
CommerceNoun1. Transactions having the objective of supplying commodities. 2. The federal department that promotes and administers domestic and foreign trade (including management of the census and the patent office); created in 1913. 3. Social exchange, especially of opinions, attitudes, etc. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "commerce" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1509. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Satire | COMMERCE, n. A kind of transaction in which A plunders from B the goods of C, and for compensation B picks the pocket of D of money belonging to E. Source: Devil's Dictionary. |
Business | The sum of exports and imports of goods and services. Source: European Union. (references) |
Dream Interpretation | To dream that you are engaged in commerce, denotes you will handle your opportunities wisely and advantageously. To dream of failures and gloomy outlooks in commercial circles, denotes trouble and ominous threatening of failure in real business life. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Public Administration | Training in all aspects of getting goods and services to the consumer:market research, advertising and distribution policy, pricing, and product presentation. Study includes commercial economics, business economics, sociology and psychology, and general economics. (2). Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Commerce is a city located in Jackson County, Georgia. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 5,292.(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Commerce is a village located in Scott County, Missouri. As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 110.(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Commerce is a city located in Ottawa County, Oklahoma. It is most famous as the hometown of the baseball star, Mickey Mantle, often called the "Kid from Commerce."
On April 6, 1934, Bonnie and Clyde shot a policeman dead in this town.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.1 km² (0.8 mi²). 2.1 km² (0.8 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.
There are 968 households out of which 36.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.3% are married couples living together, 14.9% have a female householder with no husband present, and 28.4% are non-families. 25.3% of all households are made up of individuals and 12.3% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.65 and the average family size is 3.18.
In the city the population is spread out with 29.7% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 18.2% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 32 years. For every 100 females there are 90.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 84.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $25,982, and the median income for a family is $30,547. Males have a median income of $25,104 versus $18,466 for females. The per capita income for the city is $11,734. 16.7% of the population and 14.7% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 22.8% are under the age of 18 and 13.9% are 65 or older. (From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)Geography
Commerce is located at 36°56'1" North, 94°52'17" West (36.933529, -94.871371)1.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 2,645 people, 968 households, and 693 families residing in the city. The population density is 1,245.4/km² (3,232.2/mi²). There are 1,079 housing units at an average density of 508.1/km² (1,318.5/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 68.05% White, 0.64% African American, 13.35% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 11.68% from other races, and 5.97% from two or more races. 18.53% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.Commerce, Texas
Geography
Commerce is located at 33°14'42" North, 95°53'60" West (33.244959, -95.899957)1.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 16.9 km² (6.5 mi²). 16.8 km² (6.5 mi²) of it is land and 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.92% water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 7,669 people, 2,881 households, and 1,524 families residing in the city. The population density is 456.9/km² (1,183.3/mi²). There are 3,405 housing units at an average density of 202.9/km² (525.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 71.07% White, 20.78% African American, 0.42% Native American, 2.59% Asian, 0.21% Pacific Islander, 3.13% from other races, and 1.80% from two or more races. 7.65% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There are 2,881 households out of which 28.4% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.0% are married couples living together, 14.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 47.1% are non-families. 36.1% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.27 and the average family size is 3.02.
In the city the population is spread out with 21.5% under the age of 18, 28.2% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 14.3% from 45 to 64, and 9.8% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 25 years. For every 100 females there are 95.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 94.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $24,065, and the median income for a family is $37,284. Males have a median income of $26,389 versus $19,565 for females. The per capita income for the city is $14,444. 22.9% of the population and 13.8% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 24.4% are under the age of 18 and 14.8% are 65 or older.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Commerce, California."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| COMMERCE 2000 | English | Pilot projects to promote links between SMEs through the implementation of modern management methods and new technologies in the commerce and distribution sector | Business |
| com | French | Commerce | Computing |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: CommerceSynonyms: commercialism (n), mercantilism (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Amusement | Cards, card games; whist, rubber; round game; loo, cribbage, besique, euchre, drole, ecarte, picquet, allfours, quadrille, omber, reverse, Pope Joan, commit; boston, boaston; blackjack, twenty-one, vingtun; quinze, thirty-one, put, speculation, connections, brag, cassino, lottery, commerce, snip-snap-snoren, lift smoke, blind hookey, Polish bank, Earl of Coventry, Napoleon, patience, pairs; banker; blind poker, draw poker, straight poker, stud poker; bluff, bridge, bridge whist; lotto, monte, three-card monte, nap, penny-ante, poker, reversis, squeezers, old maid, fright, beggar-my-neighbor; baccarat. |
Barter | Trade, commerce, mercature, buying and selling, bargain and sale; traffic, business, nundination, custom, shopping; commercial enterprise, speculation, jobbing, stockjobbing, agiotage, brokery. |
Conversation | Noun: conversation, interlocution; collocution, colloquy, converse, confabulation, talk, discourse, verbal intercourse; oral communication, commerce; dialogue, duologue, trialogue. |
Discourse with, confer with, commune with, commerce with; hold converse, hold conference, hold intercourse; talk it over; be closeted with; talk with one in private, tete-a-tete. | |
Government | Office of the president, office of the prime minister, cabinet; senate, house of representatives, parliament; council; courts, supreme court; state, interior, labor, health and human services, defense, education, agriculture, justice, commerce, treasury; Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI; Central Intelligence Agency, CIA; NIH; Postal Service, Post Office; Federal Aviation Administration, FAA. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Let us be thankful we have commerce. Buy more (THX 1138; writing credit: George Lucas;) I love the smell of commerce in the morning (Mallrats; writing credit: Kevin Smith) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Hôtel du commerce (1969) Le Jeune commerce Granby (1945) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | John Maffitt "The Prince of the Privateers" 15 years on Coast Survey prior to Civil War Among the best of the Confederate commerce raiders. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | The Herbert Clark Hoover Building, home to the U. S. Department of Commerce, parent agency to NOAA. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | [The Commerce Committee's Health Subcommittee tours to gain support for Clinical Center renovation]. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | In port during World War I. Built in 1911 as a pleasure craft, and formerly named Achelous, she was acquired by the Navy on 2 May 1917 and commissioned on 15 June 1917. Her assigned armament was one 1-pounder gun. Psyche V was transferred to the Department of Commerce on 16 June 1919. Credit: NAVY. |
 | Jackson ticket. Agriculture, commerce and manufactures. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Commerce Society Building (late 19th century; 1916), Arkhangel'sk, Russia. Credit: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. |
 | Chernavinskii Prospekt (now Lenin Street), Moscow Trading Rows (1904), and Vikula Morozov Building, with Volga-Kama Bank of Commerce (1904), illustrate the development of Omsk as a major Siberian business center before World War I, Omsk, Russia. Credit: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540. |  | Elevation of the House of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures & Commerce, situated in John Street, Adelphi / R. & J. Adam, architect, 1772 ; T. Nivares, sculp. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Thomas Lamont, Silas Strawn, and Julius H. Barnes, posed portrait, standing, outside the White House where they reported to President Hoover on the recent convention of the International Chamber of Commerce at Amsterdam which they attended]. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Rubber tree of commerce, Venezuela. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Oliver Goldsmith | Honor sinks where commerce long prevails. |
| Friendship is a disinterested commerce between equals; love, an abject intercourse between tyrants and slaves. | |
Patrick Henry | Perfect freedom is as necessary to the health and vigor of commerce as it is to the health and vigor of citizenship. |
Ralph Waldo Emerson | Commerce is a game of skill which everyone cannot play and few can play well. |
| Commerce is of trivial import; love, faith, truth of character, the aspiration of man, these are sacred. | |
Thomas Gray | Commerce changes the fate and genius of nations. |
Thomas Jefferson | Peace, commerce and honest friendship with all nations; entangling alliances with none. |
| The selfish spirit of commerce, which knows no country, and feels no passion or principle but that of gain. | |
W.s. Maverick | The musician, the painter, the poet, are, in a larger sense, no greater artists than the man of commerce. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | And as different degrees of industry were apt to give men possessions in different proportions, so this invention of money gave them the opportunity to continue and enlarge them: for supposing an island, separate from all possible commerce with the rest of the world, wherein there were but an hundred families, but there were sheep, horses and cows, with other useful animals, wholsome fruits, and land enough for corn for a hundred thousand times as many, but nothing in the island, either because of its commonness, or perishableness, fit to supply the place of money; what reason could any one have there to enlarge his possessions beyond the use of his family, and a plentiful supply to its consumption, either in what their own industry produced, or they could barter for like perishable, useful commodities, with others? Where there is not some thing, both lasting and scarce, and so valuable to be hoarded up, there men will not be apt to enlarge their possessions of land, were it never so rich, never so free for them to take: for I ask, what would a man value ten thousand, or an hundred thousand acres of excellent land, ready cultivated, and well stocked too with cattle, in the middle of the inland parts of America, where he had no hopes of commerce with other parts of the world, to draw money to him by the sale of the product? It would not be worth the enclosing, and we should see him give up again to the wild common of nature, whatever was more than would supply the conveniencies of life to be had there for him and his family. (Second Treatise of Government) |
US Declaration of Independence | 1776 | We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. (reference) |
US Constitution | 1791 | Clause 6: No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another. (reference) |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | This market has given an immense development to commerce, to navigation, to communication by land. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The Kiel Canal and its approaches shall be maintained free and open to the vessels of commerce and of war of all nations at peace with Germany on terms of entire equality. (reference) |
John F. Kennedy | 1961 | Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | They raised the material questions, questions of agriculture, of industry, of commerce, almost to the dignity of a religion |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | What recommends commerce to me is its enterprise and bravery |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | Potential bidders must register with the local Chamber of Commerce. (references) | |
All agents must be registered with the Ministry of Economy and Commerce. (references) | ||
Further details are available at the Dubai Chamber of Commerce & Industry. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Senegal | Business-related associations register with the Ministry of Commerce. (references) |
Guatemala | The accusations are in connection with alleged involvement in a government-directed smear campaign against Jorge Briz, the former head of the Guatemalan Chamber of Commerce. (references) | |
Guatemala | The opposition credibly claimed that the Government printing office distributed thousands of leaflets slandering the then head of the Chamber of Commerce in retaliation for that organization's role in fomenting public protests against tax increases. (references) | |
Economic History | Korea | Korea Chamber of Commerce & Industry Bldg. (references) |
Estonia | Only 3% of all commerce was with the U.S.S.R. (references) | |
Norway | Mobile Commerce is already becoming a reality. (references) | |
Human Rights | Oman | After the June reform, the ASCD falls under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Justice, rather than the Minister of Commerce and Industry. (references) |
Oman | The ASCD is made up of the Chairman, Deputy Chairman, a number of judges appointed by royal decree, and members of the Oman Chamber of Commerce and Industry. (references) | |
Bolivia | In April 2000, then-President Banzer declared a state of siege when violent demonstrations and road blockages in Cochabamba, combined with unrelated protests across the country, brought commerce to a virtual halt. (references) | |
Minorities | Congo | French is the language of government, commerce, and education. (references) |
Yugoslavia | Bosniak Muslims in the Sandzak region alleged discrimination in housing, employment, health care, commerce, and education. (references) | |
Turkmenistan | While Russian remained common in commerce and everyday life, during the year, the Government has intensified its campaign to conduct official business solely in Turkmen. (references) | |
Political Economy | BRAZIL | Commerce rose 5.5 percent and transportation 3.4 percent. (references) |
GUATEMALA | Agriculture and commerce are the dominant economic activities. (references) | |
PHILIPPINES | The Electronic Commerce Act (R.A. 8792, 2000) extends this framework to the internet. (references) | |
Political Rights | Kuwait | There is only one Shi'a member of the Cabinet, the Minister of Commerce. (references) |
Guinea | Four women hold seats in the 26-member Cabinet: the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of Commerce, the Minister of Tourism, and the Minister of Social Affairs and Promotion of Women. (references) | |
Belgium | The regional governments are charged with matters that directly affect the geographical regions and the material well-being of their residents, such as commerce and trade, public works, and environmental policy. (references) | |
Trade | Burma | All exports require a permit from the Ministry of Commerce. (references) |
Spain | Prior approval by the State Secretariat of Commerce is necessary. (references) | |
Pakistan | Only items on a list issued by the Ministry of Commerce may be imported. (references) | |
Travel | Bolivia | Spanish is both the official language and the language of commerce in Bolivia. (references) |
Yemen | Yemenis have been engaging in commerce for millennia and have refined the art of negotiation. (references) | |
Honduras | Exports (FIDE), National Industry Association (ANDI), and National Chambers of Commerce and Industry. (references) | |
Women | United Arab Emirates | The Abu Dhabi Chamber of Commerce operates occasional programs to encourage small business entrepreneurship by women. (references) |
Lesotho | She cannot enter into legally binding contracts, whether for employment, commerce, or education, without her husband's consent. (references) | |
Congo | Women in rural areas especially are disadvantaged in terms of education and wage employment and are confined largely to family farming, petty commerce, and childrearing responsibilities. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Ecuador | Others are employed in commerce, messenger services, domestic service, and begging. (references) |
Congo | Most citizens are engaged in subsistence agriculture or commerce outside the formal wage sector. (references) | |
Uruguay | The standard workweek is 48 hours in industry and 44 hours in commerce, with a 36-hour break each week. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | PIRACY, n. Commerce without its folly-swaddles, just as God made it. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Al Hunt | Mr. Secretary, we are going to take a break right now. But when we come back, we will ask Commerce Secretary Don Evans if he thinks SEC Chairman Harvey Pitt is back in trouble. |
Ann Richards | What you have to do, if you're going to send any medicine to Cuba, you have to qualify and register with the Department of Commerce in what is a rather complex registration procedure. |
Mark Shields | We have to take a break, but when we come back we'll ask Secretary of Commerce Don Evans if trade negotiation authority is essential for the U.S. economy. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | To an active external commerce the protection of a naval force is indispensable. |
John Adams | 1797-1801 | Any serious and permanent injury to commerce would not fail to produce the most embarrassing disorders. |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | Their situation and manners place the commerce between the two sexes almost without restraint. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | Negotiations are going on to put on a permanent basis the liberal system of commerce now carried on between us and the Empire of Russia. |
Ulysses S. Grant | 1869-1877 | Commerce, education, and rapid transit of thought and matter by telegraph and steam have changed all this. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | Experience shows that our commerce with other countries expands as they progress industrially and economically. |
Dwight Eisenhower | 1953-1961 | Oceans and land and sky are avenues for our colossal commerce. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | Now, today, we also find ourselves engaged in expanding peaceful commerce across the world. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Growing connections of commerce and culture give us a chance to lift the fortunes and spirits of people the world over. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Commerce" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.88% of the time. "Commerce" is used about 1,615 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.88% | 1,613 | 5,149 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.12% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,615 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Canada | Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce | China | Shanghai Jiabao Industry & Commerce (Group) Co., Ltd. |
| France | Access Commerce | Germany | DCI Database for Commerce & Industry AG |
| India | Oriental Bank of Commerce | Malaysia | Commerce Asset-Holding Berhad |
| Morocco | Banque Marocaine du Commerce Exterieur | USA | American Commerce Solutions, Inc. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
1. Commerce, CA (city, FIPS 14974) 2. Commerce, GA (city, FIPS 19112) 3. Commerce, MO (town, FIPS 15760) 4. Commerce, OK (city, FIPS 16500) 5. Commerce, TX (city, FIPS 16240) |
Expressions using "commerce": article of commerce ♦ bank of commerce ♦ chamber of commerce ♦ city Of Commerce ♦ commerce City ♦ commerce Department ♦ Commerce destroyer ♦ commerce Secretary ♦ commerce Townshi ♦ department of commerce ♦ department of Commerce and Labor ♦ electronic commerce ♦ electronic Commerce Dictionary ♦ industry and commerce ♦ international chamber of commerce ♦ interstate air commerce ♦ interstate commerce ♦ interstate Commerce Commission ♦ minister of commerce ♦ minister of trade and commerce ♦ ministry of commerce ♦ secretary of Commerce ♦ secretary of Commerce and Labor ♦ secretary of trade and commerce ♦ teacher of commerce ♦ the world of commerce. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "commerce": commerce-designate, commerce-raiding. | |
Ending with "commerce": e-commerce. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "commerce"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | handel (business, trade). (various references) | |
Albanian | tregti (business, market, sale, trade, trading, traffic, truck). (various references) | |
Arabic | متاجرة (business, trade), تجارة (business, mercantile, merchandise, trade, trading, traffic), تبادل تجاري (commercial exchange, trade), صلا ت إجتماعية. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | търговия (market, marketing, trade, way). (various references) | |
Chinese | 貿 (trade), 商务, 商業 (business, trade), 商 (consult). (various references) | |
Czech | obchod (business, deal, market, shop, store, trade, traffic, transaction). (various references) | |
Danish | handel (business, trade, transaction). (various references) | |
Dutch | nering (business, trade, transaction), koopmanschap (business, trade), handel (business, trade, trading, transaction). (various references) | |
Esperanto | komerco (business, trade). (various references) | |
Faeroese | handil (business, grocery store, shop, store, trade, transaction, turnover). (various references) | |
Farsi | معاشرت (Society), تجارت کردن (Merchandise), تجارت (Trade), بازرگانی (Commercial, Mercantile, Trade). (various references) | |
Finnish | kauppa (bargain, business, deal, shop, store, trade, traffic, transaction). (various references) | |
French | commerce (Commercial). (various references) | |
German | handel (bargain, business, deal, market, merchandising, mongering, quarrel, trade, trading, traffic, trafficking). (various references) | |
Greek | εμπόριο (business, trade, traffic). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מרכולת (merchandise, trade), מסחר (business, dealing, mercantile, trade, trading, traffic), סחר (business, trade, trading, traffic). (various references) | |
Hungarian | kereskedelem (commercialism, dealership, trade), forgalom (business done, circulation, return, through traffic, traffic, travel, turnover), érintkezés (communication, connection, contact, converse, intercourse, junction, liaison, osculation, relations, tangency). (various references) | |
Icelandic | verzlun (business, trade, transaction). (various references) | |
Indonesian | perniagaan (trade), perdagangan, niaga (trade), dagang (trade). (various references) | |
Italian | commercio (business, dealing, market, trade, trafficking, transaction). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 商業 (business, trade), 商売 (business, trade). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | しょうぎょう (business, trade), しょうばい (business, occupation, soot of burnt pine, trade, transaction), しょうほう (business, commercial law, full report, news of a victory, news of victory, particulars, trade, vesicle), つうしょう (alias, nickname, popular name, trade), かぎょう (business, lessons, occupation, one's father's occupation, schoolwork, trade), "し (across, beyond, over, the evolution of the usage of a word, the five fingers, trade), "うえき (public, public good, public service, trade). (various references) | |
Korean | 상업 (Commercial). (various references) | |
Manx | traght (custom, custom of shop, trade), dellal (deal, negotiate, trade, traffic, transactions). (various references) | |
Norwegian | forretning (boutique, business, shop, store, |
