Closure

Domain	Definition
Computing	Closure 1. In a reduction system, a closure is a data structure that holds an expression and an environment of variable bindings in which that expression is to be evaluated. The variables may be local or global. Closures are used to represent unevaluated expressions when implementing functional programming languages with lazy evaluation. In a real implementation, both expression and environment are represented by pointers. A suspension is a closure which includes a flag to say whether or not it has been evaluated. The term "thunk" has come to be synonymous with "closure" but originated outside functional programming. 2. In domain theory, given a partially ordered set, D and a subset, X of D, the upward closure of X in D is the union over all x in X of the sets of all d in D such that x <= d. Thus the upward closure of X in D contains the elements of X and any greater element of D. A set is "upward closed" if it is the same as its upward closure, i.e. any d greater than an element is also an element. The downward closure (or "left closure") is similar but with d <= x. A downward closed set is one for which any d less than an element is also an element. ("<=" is written in LaTeX as \subseteq and the upward closure of X in D is written \uparrow_\D X). (1994-12-16). Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing.
Environment	The procedure a landfill operator must follow when a landfill reaches its legal capacity for solid ceasing acceptance of solid waste and placing a cap on the landfill site. (references)
Food & Agriculture	The cork, screw cap or other appliance used to close a bottle. Source: European Union. (references)
	A term referring to a forest or other tract of land to which entry is restricted or prohibited for the protection of wildlife in general. Source: European Union. (references)
Mining	A. A closed anticlinal structure. b. The difference in the relative position of the bottom and the collar of a borehole expressed in horizontal distance in a specific compass direction c. The relative inward movement of the two walls of a stope. d. A cumulative measure of the various individual errors in survey measurements; the amount by which a series of survey measurements fails to yield a theoretical or previously determined value for a survey quantity e. Used in structural geology, esp. in connection with potential oil structures, to designate the vertical distance between the highest point of an anticlinal structure of an anticlinal structure or fold and the lowest contour that closes around the structure. It is an approximate measure of the capacity of a structural trap for oil and/or gas f. A portion of brick to close, when required, the end of a course asdistinguished from a half brick. See:closure. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Specialty Definition: Closure

For closures in computer programs, see Closure (programming).
For closure in mathematics, see Closure (mathematics).
For closure in literature, see Dramatic closure.
For closure in parliamentary procedure, see Cloture.
For closure in personal relationships, see Closure (sociology).
For closure in philosophy, see Closure (philosophy).

Closure (computer science)

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

In programming languages, a closure is an abstraction representing a function, plus the lexical environment (see static scoping) in which the function was created.

Closures are typically implemented with a special data structure that contains a pointer to the function code, plus a representation of the function's lexical environment (i.e., the set of available variables and their values) at the time when the closure was created.

Closures typically appear in languages that allow functions to be "first-class" values --- in other words, such languages allow functions to be passed as arguments, returned from function calls, bound to variable names, etc., just like simpler types such as strings and integers.

For example, in ML, the following code defines a function f that returns its argument plus 1:

fun f(x) = x + 1;

Such a function may "capture" name/value bindings from its enclosing environment, producing a closure. For example, in the code fragment:

val x = 1;
fun f(y) = x + y;

the closure data structure representing f contains a pointer to the enclosing environment, in which x is bound to 1. Therefore, f will always return its argument plus 1, even if the environment in which it is applied has a different value for x. Therefore, consider the code fragment:

let
  val x = 1;
  fun f(y) = x + y;
in
  let
    val x = 2;
  in
    f(3)
  end
end

In this code, the call f(3) occurs in an environment (the inner let) where x is bound to 2. However, the closure for f was constructed in an environment (the outer let) where x is bound to 1. Therefore the result of the call f(3) is 4, not 5.

Closures have many uses:

Designers of software libraries can allow users to customize behavior by passing closures as arguments to important functions. For example, a function that sortss values can accept a closure argument that compares the values to be sorted according to a user-defined criterion.
Because closures delay evaluation --- i.e., they do not "do" anything until they are called --- they can be used to define control structures. For example, all Smalltalk's standard control structures, including branches (if/then/else) and loops (while and for), are defined using objects whose methods accept closures. Users can easily define their own control structures as well.
Multiple functions can be produced which close over the same environment, enabling them to communicate privately by altering that environment.

Note: Some speakers call any data structure that binds a lexical environment a closure, but the term usually refers specifically to functions.

Scheme was the first programming language to have fully general, lexically scoped closures. Virtually all functional programming languages, as well as the Smalltalk-descended object-oriented programming languages, support some form of closures. Some prominent languages that support closures include:

Haskell
Lisp (including Scheme)
JavaScript
All variants of ML
Perl
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk

Some object-oriented languages enable the programmer to use objects to simulate some features of closures. For example:

Java allows the programmer to define "anonymous classeses" inside a method; an anonymous class may refer to names in lexically enclosing classes, or immutable names in the lexically enclosing method.
In C++, programmers may define classes that overload the () (function application) operator. This enables instances of this class to behave syntactically like closures, although C++ provides no direct support for capturing names in the enclosing function's environment (the programmer can simulate some aspects of environment capture by using data members in the class). Instances of such classes are called function objects, or occasionally functors (although the latter term is confusing, because it has a very different meaning in other programming languages).

See also:

funarg problem

Closure (mathematics)
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In mathematics, the closure C(X) of an object X is defined to be the smallest object that both includes X as a subset and possesses some given property. An object is closed if it is equal to its closure.

Examples
- In topology and related branches, the topological closure of a set.
- In algebra, the algebraic closure of a field.
- In linear algebra, the linear span of a set X of vectors is the closure of that set; it is the smallest subset of the vector space that includes X and is a subspace.
- In set theory, the transitive closure of a binary relation.
- In algebra, the closure of a set S under a binary operation is the smallest set C(S) that includes S and is closed under the binary operation. To say that a set A is closed under an operation "×" means that for any members a, b of A, a×b is also a member of A. Examples: The set of all positive numbers is not closed under subtraction, since the difference of two positive numbers is in some cases not a positive number. The set of all positive numbers is closed under addition, since the sum of two positive numbers is in every case a positive number. The set of all real numbers is closed under subtraction.
- In geometry, the convex hull of a set S of points is the smallest convex set of which S is a subset.
  
  Closure (philosophy)
  (From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
  Closure is a philosophical description of the world put forward by Hilary Lawson in the book Closure: a story of everything (Routledge, UK, 2001). It is an attempt to provide an account that overcomes the problems of self-reference inherent in other philosophical systems. The theory of closure provides a new vocabulary with which to do this. In so doing it manages to provide a way of holding the world without need for a recourse to truth.
  The resulting framework offers solutions to the central questions of contemporary philosophy: the character of language and meaning, of the individual and consciousness, of truth and reality. It has consequences for the understanding of the sciences and also accounts for the need and desire for both art and religion. It provides a new description of the organisation of society.
  
  Closure (sociology)
  (From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
  Closure in inter-personal relationshipss comprises a mythical state, like Nirvana, wherein happiness and light reign and any previous dispute or misunderstanding gets papered over or forgotten -- at least from the viewpoint of the closure-seeker (self-styled and sometimes known technically as the "victim").
  The official theological or religious category, forgiveness, has fewer extreme overtones and greater psychological flexibility.
  
  Closure (topology)
  (From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
  In topology and mathematical analysis, the closure of a subset S of a topological space X is the smallest closed subset of X which contains S. This can be constructed by intersecting all closed supersets of S in X, so that the closure of S is smallest closed superset of S in X.
  The closure of S is variously denoted by "Cl(S)" or "". If there is more than one topology on X (say T and T'), then the different topologies may give rise to different closures; this can be indicated in the notation by a subscript, as in "Cl_T(S)". If the topology is itself defined by some other structure, such as a metric d, then "d" can be placed in the subscript instead of "T".
  Alternative characterisations
  In a metric space X (such as the n-dimensional Euclidean space) the closure Cl(S) is the set {x ∈ X : d(x,S) = 0} of all points in X whose distance from S is 0. Here, d(x,S) is defined as the infimum of the set {d(x,y) : y ∈ S}.
  In a first countable space (such as a metric space), Cl(S) is the set of all limits of all convergent sequences of points in S. For a general topological space, this statement remains true if one replaces "sequence" by "net".
  Another characterization of Cl(S) is as follows: an element x of X belongs to Cl(S) if and only if every neighborhood of x contains an element of S. In other words, x ∈ Cl(S) iff x ∈ S or x is a limit point of S.
  Facts about closures
  The set S is closed if and only if Cl(S) = S. In particular, the closure of the empty set is the empty set, and the closure of X itself is X. The closure of an intersection of sets is always a subset of (but need not be equal to) the intersection of the closures of the sets. In a union of finitely many sets, the closure of the union and the union of the closures are equal; for infinitely many sets, this need not be the case. However in any case, the closure of a union of sets is always a superset of the union of the closures of the sets. Since zero is a finite number and the union of zero sets is the empty set, this is another way to see that the empty set is its own closure; that is, the empty set is closed.
  The closure of the set S is equal to the complement of the interior of the complement of S.
  The subset S is dense in X iff Cl(S) = X.
  If A is a subspace of X containing S, then the closure of S computed in A is equal to the intersection of A and the closure of S computed in X: Cl_A(S) = A ∩ Cl_X(S). In particular, S is dense in A iff A is a subset of Cl_X(S).

Synonyms within Context: Closure

Modern Usage: Closure

Commercial Usage: Closure

Domain	Title
References	Closure Medical Corporation: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference) (more reference examples)

Books	Endings in Clinical Practice: Effective Closure in Diverse Settings (reference) NIV UltraThin Classic Bible With Magnetic Closure (Burgundy) (reference) Poetic Closure (reference) Positive Endings in Psychotherapy: Bringing Meaningful Closure to Therapeutic Relationships (Jossey-Bass Social and Behavioral Science Series) (reference) Sixty-Three Closure (reference) (more book examples)

Theater & Movies	Nine Inch Nails - Closure (reference) (more DVD examples; more video examples)

Music	Closure (reference) Kind of Closure (reference) (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)

High Tech	Columbian(R) First Class Mailer With Grip Seal(R) Closure, 10in. x 13in., 28 Lb., White, Box Of 100 (reference) IBM Messenger Style Case with dualbuckle Flap Closure (reference) (more camera examples; more video game examples; more computer examples; more electronic examples; more software examples)

Consumer Goods	Wells Lamont 1132M Men's Palomino Grain Cowhide with Ball and Tape Wrist Closure (M) (reference) (more baby examples; more wireless phone examples; more garden examples; more kitchen examples; more tool examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Photo Album: Closure

Historic Usage: Closure

Non-Fiction Usage: Closure

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		Blepharospasm, the second most common focal dystonia, is the involuntary, forcible closure of the eyelids. (references)
		Nasal CPAP prevents airway closure while in use, but apnea episodes return when CPAP is stopped or used improperly. (references)
		Moreover, even when successful, complete closure of an AVM takes place over the course of many months following radiosurgery. (references)
Business		The currency devaluation sparked a financial crisis that brought about the closure of 56 finance companies. (references)
		This ban was upheld after the closure of the airbase and its subsequent conversion into a municipal airport. (references)
		Before the closure of the last motor assembly plant in 1999, vehicles assembled in New Zealand included about 37-40% local content. (references)
Children	Hong Kong	However, despite inspections and occasional closure of noncompliant businesses, access to public buildings (including public schools) and transportation remains a serious problem for persons with disabilities. (references)
Civil Liberties	Botswana	These publications reported and editorialized without fear of closure. (references)
	Gambia	The NIA ordered the closure of Citizen FM radio station on the same day. (references)
Economic History	Bulgaria	The closure of 18 troubled banks has also helped to increase confidence in the banking system. (references)
	New Zealand	Despite the closure of USTTA, the New Zealand Visit USA Committee continues to promote travel to the United States. (references)
	Guinea-Bissau	Prior to and following the embassy closure, the United States and Guinea-Bissau have enjoyed excellent bilateral relations. (references)
Human Rights	Turkey	In October the trial ended with a rejection of the prosecutor's closure request. (references)
	Guinea	During the December 1998 presidential elections, the Government ordered the closure of all land borders. (references)
	Morocco	In the past, human rights organizations have called for Ain Atiq's closure, as well as of other similar centers. (references)
Minorities	Bhutan	Characterizing the BPP as a "terrorist" movement backed by Indian sympathizers, the authorities cracked down on its activities and ordered the closure of local Nepalese schools, clinics, and development programs after several were raided or bombed by dissidents. (references)
	Uganda	Some officials of "mainstream" Catholic, Protestant, and Muslim religious organizations have called for the closure of Christian churches, which are viewed as "cults." The general assembly of the Ugandan Joint Christian Council (UJCC), a religious body composed of Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Orthodox Churches that has engaged in election activities including civic education and monitoring, referred applications for membership to the association by other spiritual and Pentecostal churches to the UJCC executive, which could help ease tensions between those churches and evangelical groups. (references)
Political Economy	Eq. Guinea	United States-Equatorial Guinea relations have improved since the closure of the U.S. Embassy in 1995 due to budget restrictions. (references)
Political Rights	Turkey	The Democratic Mass Party (DKP), which the Government closed in February 1999, has not yet had its closure decision published in the official gazette, preventing its founders from forming or joining another party. (references)
	Ukraine	Political candidates also reported difficulty in renting meeting halls, closure of their local campaign offices by government officials, confiscation of campaign vehicles, and pressure on employees from directors of state-owned enterprises. (references)
Trade	Ukraine	In April, 2001, the Ministry recommended closure of the one zone and questioned the viability three others. (references)
Travel	Vietnam	Usually, the visitor is expected to initiate or signal the closure of the meeting. (references)
Women	Afghanistan	Amnesty International reported that the Taliban ordered the closure of women's public baths. (references)
Worker Rights	Peru	When firms are found to be in violation of the law, the Government sanctions them with fines or, in some cases, closure. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Usage Frequency: Closure

Usage in Company Names: Closure

Expressions: Closure

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Closure

Modern Translation: Closure

Language		Translations for "closure"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Albanian		përfundim (afterpiece, closing, completion, conclusion, consequence, consummation, denouement, derivation, development, eduction, effect, end product, event, expiration, finality, finding, finish, fulfillment, fulfilment, harvest, issue, job, lapse, last, offshoot, offspring, outcome, output, perfecting, performance, result, resume, rider, total, train, upshot, windup), mbyllje (closing, committal, conclusion, confinement, enclosure, entombment, finality, furl, impoundment, imprisonment, inclosure, locking, obturation, occlusion, offishness, shutdown, windup), mbarim (conclusion, date, death, end, ending, expiration, finality, finish, leaving, Omega, period, tag, tail end, termination). (various references)

Arabic		‏اقفال, ‏إغلاق (closeness, closing, lock, shut down, shutout, shutting). (various references)

Bulgarian		закриване (abolishment, adjournment, close, closing, rising), запушване (block, obstruction, occlusion, stoppage, stopping), прекратяване (discontinuance, dismissal, letup, surcease, suspension), изключване (cutoff, disconnection, disconnexion, elimination, exclusion, expulsion, preclusion, release, shut off). (various references)

Chinese		关闭 (Close, Closing, shut, shutting). (various references)

Czech		uzavření (completion, encasement, obturation). (various references)

Danish		sammentrykket minegang, nedlægning, lukning (capping, fastening, sealing), lukkeanordninger, lukke (close, shut), isolerende prop (plug, plug closure), fuldstændig kontakt. (various references)

Dutch		convergentie (color registration, colour registration, convergence, roadway crush), vernauwing (constriction, contraction, narrowing, narrowness, nip-out, occlusion, pinch-out, reduction, stricture, wash-out), tijd of periode waarin het jagen verboden is, sluitwerk (fastening device), sluiting (buckle, catch, fastener, fastening, fastening device, hurricane, latch, lock, metal lace, sealing, shackle, spring hawser), isolerende sluitstop (plug, plug closure), isolerende sluitingsstop (plug, plug closure), afsluitmateriaal. (various references)

Farsi		عمل محصورشدن , خاتمه (End, Expiry, Sequel), رای کفایت مذاکرات , دریچه (Choke, Hatch, Lid, Porthole, Scuttle, Slacker, Valve, Vent, Wicket, Window), دربستن , درب بطری وغیره . (various references)

Finnish		sulku (barricade, block, dam, flood-gate, lock, obstruction, sluice), sulkeminen (closing), suljin (camera shutter, shutter), rauhoitus (pacification, protection), rauhoittaminen. (various references)

French		fermeture (closeness, closing). (various references)

German		Verschluß (bolt, breech, cloture, fastener, lock, plug, shutter). (various references)

Greek		κλείσιμο (closing, cloture, shutdown). (various references)

Hebrew		אוטם (caulker, sealer, stoppage), ס�'יר�" (closing, occlusion, shutting), ס�'ר (bolt, closing, lock, occlusion, tongue of a lock), � עיל�" (bolting, closing, conclusion, lock on, locking, shutting). (various references)

Hungarian		bezárás (confinement, lockup, restraint, shutdown, shutting), zárlat (cadence). (various references)

Italian		chiusura (clam, clamp, closing, end, fastening, lock, shutdown, shutting, zip), chiusa (closing, end, lock, paddle, penstock, sluice, Weir), tappo-guscio isolante (plug, plug closure), soppressione (abolition), ostruire (become obstructed, block, clog, close, congest, engorge, obstruct, occlude, stop), materiale per tappatura, fine (chic, close, conclusion, dainty, end, ending, fine, finish, object, purpose, result, sake, subtile, subtle, termination, thin), divieto (ban, forbade, forbiddingness, inhibition, interdiction, prohibition, vetoed), dispositivo di chiusura (fastening device, shutting-off device, valve). (various references)

Japanese Kanji		閉鎖 (closing, lockout, shutdown, unsociable), 閉会 , 閉塞 (blockage), クレブス回路 (checkroom, cleanser, cleansing cream, cleansing lotion, cleric, cloakroom, clone, close, closed, closed stance, closed system, closet, close-up, crawl, Kraepelin, Krebs cycle, Kremlin, Kremlinology). (various references)

Japanese Katakana		クロージャ , へいそく (bated breath, being cowed into silence, blockage), へいさ (closing, lockout, shutdown, unsociable), へいかい. (various references)

Korean		마감. (various references)

Manx		jerrey (back, back of cart, bottom, close, closing, conclusion, effect, end, expiration, expiry, extreme, finale, finish, hinderpart, offal, stern, termination), dooney (barricade, block, button up, cadence, clench, filling, imprisonment, lacing up, occlude, occlusion, secure, shut, shut down, stop up, swing). (various references)

Pig Latin		osureclay.(various references)

Portuguese		convergência (converging), constrição (choke, constriction, ligature), tampão isolador (plug, plug closure), oclusão (occlusion, shutdown), material de arrolhamento, fecho (hasp, lock, locket, snap), encerrar debate, encerramento (closing, rising, shutdown), dispositivo de fecho (fastening device, sealer, sealing device), aproximação (access, adit, approach, approximation, forthcoming, oncoming, rapprochement), época de encerramento. (various references)

Romanian		închidere a dezbaterilor parlamentare, închidere (close, closing, confinement, enclosure, shut down, stoppage), încheiere (close, conclusion, end, finish, rest, termination, winding up). (various references)

Russian		закрытие (closing, closing final, obstruction, obturation, occlusion, shutdown, stoppage). (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		zatvaranje (closedown, immurement, impoundment, incarceration, locking, occlusion, shutdown), zaključenje (settlement), pregrada (baffle, barrage, barrier, bulkhead, divider, division, partition, screen, septum, stall). (various references)

Spanish		convergencia (convergence), constricción (constriction, stricture), conclusión (close, conclusion, consensus, deduction, end, ending, epitome, finality, finish, hiatus, inference), clausura (closing, gag), cierre (choke, clasp, closing, cutoff, fastener, fastening, grapple, locking, shutdown, zip, zip fastener, zipper), tapón aislante (plug, plug closure), material de taponado, finalizar (cap, close, come, conclude, eat up, expire, finalize, hole, knock off, leave off, let up, terminate, throw over, top off, wind up), fin (aim, cease, close, conclusion, corona, end, ending, finale, fining, finish, goal, last, purpose, target, term), dispositivo de cierre (fastening device, valve), basta (closing, end, enough, enough said, is it sufficient, stop it), acotar (delimit), acercamiento (approach, oncoming, rapprochement). (various references)

Swedish		tvångsavslutning, tillämpa tvångsavslutning mot, stängning (closing, lockup, shutdown), slut (at an end, close, colophon, come off, conclusion, demise, disposed of, done in, done up, end, ending, exhausted, expiry, finish, finished, gone, heel, net, out, over, tail, termination, upshot, washed up, wind up), nedläggelse, hoptryckning av gruvort, hoptryckning av bergrum, flaskförslutning, avslutning (close, completion, consummation, end, ending, finish, speech day, termination). (various references)

Turkish		son verme (calling off, discontinuance, discontinuation, putting an end, termination), oylamaya geçmek, oylamaya geçme, koymak (dot smb. one, lay, lay down, lay on, Park, place, plant, position, put, put down, rest, set, set down, stick, sting), kapatma (close down, closing, incarceration, kept woman, liquidation, sealing, shutting, shutting down, turning off), kapanma (cicatrization, closing, occlusion, shutdown), kapama (closing, covering, enclosure, heaviness, inclosure, internment, obstruction, obturation, sealing, shutoff, shutting, shutting down, stew, turning off), bitirme (completion, consumption, ending, finishing, graduation). (various references)

Ukrainian		змикання (closing), закриття (close, closing, occlusion, shutdown, shutoff), закрити дебати, завершення (achievement, close, come off, completion, conclusion, consummation, copestone, coping stone, ending, finality, finishing, fulfilment, perfecting, wind up), припинення дебатів, перегородка (bulkhead, diaphragm, septum). (various references)

Welsh		cloadur. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Ancestral Language Translations: Closure

Derivations & Misspellings: Closure

Rhyming with "Closure"

Anagrams: Closure

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Direct Anagrams: colures.
	Words within the letters "c-e-l-o-r-s-u"
	-1 letter: ceorls, cerous, closer, clours, coleus, colure, course, cresol, crouse, lucres, oscule, source, ulcers.
	-2 letters: ceorl, ceros, close, clour, clues, coles, cores, corse, cruel, cruse, cures, curls, curse, ecrus, euros, locus, lores, loser, lours, louse, luces, lucre, lures, orles, ousel, roles, roues, rouse, rules, score, scour, socle, sorel, sucre, ulcer.
	-3 letters: cels, cero, clue.
	Words containing the letters "c-e-l-o-r-s-u"
	+1 letter: carousel, closured, closures, clotures, clouters, corulers, coulters, couplers, crousely, sclerous, sloucher, ulcerous.
	+2 letters: caroluses, carousels, carrousel, colluders, colourers, consulter, corpuscle, counselor, credulous, decolours, enclosure, fluoresce, housecarl, inclosure, larcenous, lecherous, obscurely, occulters, opercules, reclusion, recouples, scoundrel, slouchers, slouchier, supercoil, supercool.
	+3 letters: calcareous, carrousels, chondrules, cockleburs, cocksurely, cocultures, concluders, consulters, corpuscles, counsellor, counselors, courtliest, decorously, disclosure, dulcimores, enclosures, fluoresced, fluorescer, fluoresces, housecarls, inclosures, involucres, liquorices, locutories, luciferous, microluces, microluxes, nucleators, operculars, operculums, overclouds, peculators, pelycosaur, preciously, preclusion, pronucleus, reclusions, sclerotium, scoundrels, sourceless, speculator, superblock, supercoils, supercools, telecourse, uncouplers, undercools.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Cessation	Intermission, remission; suspense, suspension; interruption; stop; stopping; Verb: closure, stoppage, halt; arrival. pause, rest, lull, respite, truce, drop; interregnum, abeyance; cloture.
Closure	Noun: closure, occlusion, blockade; shutting up; Verb: obstruction; (hindrance); embolus; contraction; infarction; constipation, obstipation; blind alley, blind corner; keddah; cul-de-sac, caecum; imperforation, imperviousness; Adjective: impermeability; stopper.
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

Domain	Usage
Screenplays	Truth brings closure. (C.S.I.: Crime Scene Investigation; writing credit: Kenta Fukasaku; Koshun Takami)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	STS-93 Payload Bay Door Closure. Credit: NASA.		Figure 13. (cont) R. Bertel's spectograph. Left: exposure mechanism before opening. Middle: Exposure mechanism during opening. Right: Exposure mechanism after closure. See image ship4014 for further discussion. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now.
	Figure 18. Net closure device invented by Baron Jules De Guerne and Paul Dumaig e and first tested in the east Atlantic in 1886 in 31 meters waters depth. Left: closed. Right: open. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now.		Bate-Gate closure of adit, Snoose Mine,Bellevue, IdahoShoshone Field Office, Upper Snake River District. Credit: Steve Moore.
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

Author	Date	Quotation
Treaty of Versailles	1919	The closure of contracts relating to cotton "futures", which were closed as on July 31, 1914, under the decision of the Liverpool Cotton Association, is also confirmed. (reference)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	98.08%	1,732	4,856
Lexical Verb (infinitive)	0.85%	15	90,616
Lexical Verb (base form)	0.85%	15	90,616
Noun (proper)	0.17%	3	202,518
Noun (common)	0.06%	1	339,140
Total	100.00%	1,766	N/A

Country	Name	Country	Name
South Korea	Sam Hwa Crown & Closure Co., Ltd.	USA	Closure Medical Corporation
	(more examples...)

Expressions using "closure": closure by compartment ♦ closure conversion ♦ closure minefield ♦ domain closure assumption ♦ Health Facility Closure ♦ Kleene closure ♦ Orthodontic Space Closure ♦ Perceptual Closure ♦ rate of closure ♦ reflexive transitive closure ♦ synclinal closure ♦ transitive closure ♦ upward closure ♦ year end closure. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "closure": closure-threatened.
	Ending with "closure": pit-closure.
	Containing "closure": angle-closure glaucoma.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Expression	Frequency per Day	Expression	Frequency per Day
closure	199	wound closure	10
closure lyrics	50	venous closure	10
plastic closure	43	bottle closure	10
base closure	38	arizona closure forest	9
base closure realignment	37	ball closure ring	9
closure gerald levert lyrics	36	closure medical	9
band closure	36	70 closure i	9
road closure	34	closure vein	8
below closure look lyrics	31	closure silgan	8
closure music	30	closure colorado road	7
below closure look	28	base closure list	7
front closure bra	22	closure hospital	7
closure door	20	chevelle closure lyrics	7
2005 base closure	17	hair closure	7
closure system	17	arizona closure road	7
vnus closure	15	bottle closure plastic	6
protective closure	14	phoenix closure	6
frog closure	13	bag closure	6
seaquist closure	12	glaucoma angle closure	6
base closure military	11	closure relationship	6
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Language	Period	Translations
Latin	500 BCE-Modern	clausura. (various references)
Old French	900-1400	closure. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Derivations
	Words beginning with "closure": closured, closures. (additional references)
	Words ending with "closure": antiforeclosure, disclosure, enclosure, foreclosure, inclosure, nondisclosure. (additional references)
	Words containing "closure": disclosures, enclosures, foreclosures, inclosures, nondisclosures. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Closure" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: clausura, closeure, cloured, colourer, Colquiri, costure, eclosure. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "closure" (pronounced klō"zher)
5	k l ō" zh er	enclosure, disclosure, foreclosure, inclosure.
3	-ō" zh er	composure, Crozier, exposure, Mosher, overexposure.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Closure

Definition: Closure

Closure

Noun

Verb

Specialty Definition: Closure

Specialty Definition: Closure

Closure (computer science)

Closure (mathematics)

Closure (philosophy)

Closure (sociology)

Closure (topology)

Synonyms: Closure

Synonyms within Context: Closure

Cessation

Closure

Crosswords: Closure

Modern Usage: Closure

Screenplays

Commercial Usage: Closure

References

Books

Theater & Movies

Music

High Tech

Consumer Goods

Photo Album: Closure

Historic Usage: Closure

Treaty of Versailles

Non-Fiction Usage: Closure

Usage Frequency: Closure

Usage in Company Names: Closure

Sam Hwa Crown & Closure Co., Ltd.

Closure Medical Corporation

Expressions: Closure

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Closure

Modern Translation: Closure

Albanian

Arabic

Bulgarian

Chinese

Czech

Danish

Dutch

Farsi

Finnish

French

German

Greek

Hebrew

Hungarian

Italian

Japanese Kanji

Japanese Katakana

Korean

Manx

Pig Latin

Portuguese

Romanian

Russian

Serbo-Croatian

Spanish

Swedish

Turkish

Ukrainian

Welsh

Ancestral Language Translations: Closure

Derivations & Misspellings: Closure

Derivations

Misspellings

Rhyming with "Closure"

Anagrams: Closure