Cleanse

  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Cleanse

Definition: Cleanse

Cleanse

Verb

1. Clean one's body or parts thereof, as by washing; "clean up before you see your grandparents"; "clean your fingernails before dinner".

2. Purge of an ideology, bad thoughts, or sins; "Purgatory is supposed to cleanse you from your sins".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "cleanse" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references)

Note: Cleanse \Cleanse\, transitive verb. [imperative past participle Cleansed; present participle verb or noun Cleansing.]. (references)


Synonym: Cleanse

Synonym: clean (v). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Cleanse

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Cleanness

Clean, cleanse; mundify, rinse, wring, flush, full, wipe, mop, sponge, scour, swab, scrub, brush up.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Cleanse

English words defined with "cleanse": Absterge, Abstergent, AbstersebatheDepurate, Depuratory, Depurgatory, deterge, Detersively, douche, Dry-rubElutriatelaunder, laveMundatory, Mundificant, MundifyPlonge, PurificativerefineswabTo brush up, To take outwash, Water-closet. (references)
Specialty definitions using "cleanse": LABORER, GENERALMyoelectric Complex, Migrating. (references)
Etymologies containing "cleanse": Putative. (references)

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Modern Usage: Cleanse

DomainUsage

Lyrics

I've got to cleanse myself (Criminal; performing artist: Fiona Apple)

I let the melody shine, let it cleanse my mind , I feel free now. (BITTER SWEET SYMPHONY; performing artist: The Verve)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Cleanse

DomainTitle

Books

  

Music

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Photo Album: Cleanse

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

The staging area at Greenwich Bay, RI. Shellfishermen were hired by RI DEM to harvest quahogs from polluted areas to be transferred to clean areas where they could depurate, or cleanse themselves. The shellfish were protected from harvest and were later allowed to be harvested after they had spawned and contributed to wild stocks. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center.

Testing her anti-nuclear radiation "washdown" system, 7 July 1954. The original caption reads: "USS Worcester ... steaming under a protective water screen during atomic defense maneuvers. The ship employs its salt water system to cleanse itself of radioactive debris resulting from an atomic attack. The water carrying the radioactive debris is shown being discharged into the sea.". Credit: NAVY.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Sounds Captioned with "Cleanse".

PlayCaption
Swish; swirl; flush; cleanse; douche; drench; eject; expel; flood; hose; inundate; rinse; swab; wash.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Use in Literature: Cleanse

TitleAuthorQuote

Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

Joyce, James

As the waters of baptism cleanse the soul with the body so do the fires of punishment torture the spirit with the flesh

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Cleanse

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

Cleanse the area with an antiseptic. (references)

People who genetically lack CYP2D6 may not be able to cleanse their systems of these drugs and may be vulnerable to drug toxicity. (references)

Various drugs are available to relieve the pain of a UTI. A heating pad may also help. Most doctors suggest that drinking plenty of water helps cleanse the urinary tract of bacteria. (references)

Children

Malawi

The belief that children are unlikely to be HIV positive and the widespread belief that sexual intercourse with virgins can cleanse an individual of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, contributes to the sexual abuse of minors. (references)

Economic History

Bolivia

Additionally, the Government of Bolivia is working with the IMF to overhaul and cleanse the Customs Administration from top to bottom and with the IBRD to implement a wider-ranging reform to address corruption within the bureaucracy of the national government. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Speeches: Cleanse

SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

Woodrow Wilson

1913-1921Our duty is to cleanse, to reconsider, to restore, to correct the evil without impairing the good, to purify and humanize every process of our common life without weakening or sentimentalizing it.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Cleanse

"Cleanse" is generally used as a lexical verb (infinitive) -- approximately 72.28% of the time. "Cleanse" is used about 101 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Lexical Verb (infinitive)72.28%7339,105
Lexical Verb (base form)20.79%2176,261
Noun (singular)6.93%7133,076
                    Total100.00%101N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expression: Cleanse

Expression using "cleanse": cleanse the augean stables. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "cleanse": cleanse-tone-protect.

Ending with "cleanse": deep-cleanse.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Cleanse

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

colon cleanse

435

colon cleanse product

18

master cleanse

262

bowel cleanse

17

parasite cleanse

195

colon cleanse program

16

liver cleanse

187

colon cleanse information

15

cleanse

89

intestinal cleanse

15

cleanse n sculpt

76

cleanse protect repair treat

15

derma cleanse

50

cleanse and detoxify

15

body cleanse

49

detoxify cleanse program

15

kidney cleanse

43

herbal cleanse

14

gall bladder cleanse

39

cleanse lemon

14

super colon cleanse

34

candida cleanse

13

ultimate cleanse

34

cleanse diet

13

cleanse sculpt

30

cleanse smart

12

lemonade cleanse

27

burroughs cleanse master stanley

11

ion cleanse

23

healthy colon body cleanse

10

bio cleanse

21

internal cleanse

9

colon and body cleanse

21

super cleanse

7

master cleanse diet

21

colonic cleanse

6

colon cleanse natural

20

system cleanse

6

herbal colon cleanse

19

derma cleanse system

6
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: Cleanse

Language Translations for "cleanse"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Afrikaans

  

skoonmaak (clean, make, make clean, purge). (various references)

   

Albanian

  

purifikoj, pastroj (abrade, char, clarify, clean, clear up, defecate, depurate, deterge, eliminate, grub, gut, lustrate, pick, purge, rarefy, rectify, refine, scavenge, scour, scrub, sweep, try). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏نظف طهر. (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

очиствам (break, chastise, clean, clear, depurate, deterge, do in, flick, polish off, pop off, purge, purify, push off, remove, rid, rub out, wipe out), изчиствам (clean out, clear out, get off, take out), дезинфекцирам (disinfect, fumigate). (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

(to boil), " (remove evil), (bathe, receive favors), " (name of a river), (bathe), "淨 , (eliminate, to clean out, to wash), (wash), "拭 (clean), (pure), 洗涤 (Cleansed, Cleansing, Laundered, laundering, Wash, Washed, washed-out, washed-up, washing-up), (name of a river). (various references)

   

Czech

  

oèistit (purge, purify, whitewash, wipe, wipe away, wipe off), èistit (clean, depurate, fine down, groom, scour, sweep). (various references)

   

Danish

  

rense (clean, make clean, purge), gøre rent (clean, make clean, purge), gøre ren (clean, make clean, purge). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

schoonmaken (clean, make clean, purge), reinigen (clean, make clean, purge), louteren (clean, make clean, purge, refine). (various references)

   

Esperanto

  

purigi (clean, make clean, purge). (various references)

   

Faeroese

  

reinsa (clean, make clean, purge, refine), gera reint (clean, make clean, purge). (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

پاک کردن (Absolve, Clean, Efface, Erase, Mop, Obliterate, Purge, Purify, Rub, Sancify, Scour, Scrape, Sublimate, Ventilate, Wash, Winnow, Wipe), تمیزکردن (Clean, Scavenge, Scrub, Wisp), تطهیرکردن (Exorcise, Expurgate, Purge, Sancify, Scour), تبرءه کردن (Acquit, Clear, Excuse, Exonerate, Purge). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

puhdistaa (clean, clear, clear up, polish, purge, purify, refine, tidy up). (various references)

   

French

  

purifier (clean, make clean). (various references)

   

Frisian

  

suverje (clean, make clean, purge). (various references)

   

German

  

reinigen (bowdlerize, clarify, clean, cleaning, clear, defecate, dry clean, expurgate, launder, purge, purify, refine, shampoo, to clean, to cleanse, to defecate, to scavenge, to scour). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

καθαρίζω (absterge, clarify, clean, clear, clear out, clear up, defecate, finish up, flux, furbish, net, peel, purge, purify, rarefy, scavenge, scour, wash away), εκκαθαρίζω (clean, liquidate, refine), αποκαθαίρω. (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

למרוק (polish, rub, scour, scrub), לק ח (wipe, wipe off), לט"ר (clear, exonerate, make clean, purge, purify, rid), ל קות (acquit, clean, exculpate, exonerate). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

tisztít (beautify, clarify, clean, launder, make clean, purge, purify, to brighten, to clarify, to clean, to cleanse, to defecate, to elutriate, to fine down, to flush, to groom, to hull, to launder, to polish, to prick, to refine, to scrub, to shine, to top and tail). (various references)

   

Icelandic

  

hreinsa (clean, make clean, purge). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

menceriakan. (various references)

   

Italian

  

pulire (bream, clean, make, make clean, mop, pick, purge, scavenge, scrub, sweep, wash, wipe). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

清める (to cleanse, to exorcise, to purify). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

きよめる (to cleanse, to exorcise, to purify), あらいきよめる (to cleanse, to wash clean), み'きよめる (to cleanse oneself). (various references)

   

Korean 

  

"하십시". (various references)

   

Malay

  

membersihkan (clean, make clean, purge). (various references)

   

Papiamen

  

purifiká (clean, make clean, purge), limpia (clean, have sex, make clean, purge, screw). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

eanseclay.(various references)

   

Polish

  

czyścić (clean, make clean, purge). (various references)

   

Portuguese

  

limpar (bream, brush, clean, delete, depurate, fettle, furbish, make clean, mop up, purge, purify, rake, rub, rub down, rub out, scavenge, scour, unstop, wash, wipe, wipe off, wipe out, wipe up), purificar (chasten, clarify, clean, defecate, depurate, distil, distill, elutriate, fine, purge, purify, rarefy, reconcile, rectify, refine, scrub, sweeten, wash). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

purifica (chasten, clarify, clean, defecate, make clean, purge, purify, rectify, sanctify, still, sublimate). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

очищать (brighten, chasten, clarify, clean, clean out, clear, decontaminate, defecate, depurate, deterge, distil, edulcorate, evacuate, mop up, purge, purify, rarefy, rectify, refine, scoured, scouring, scours). (various references)

   

Scottish

  

cairt (a card, a cart, bark, card, cart, chart), nigh (purify, wash), glan (clean, clean-limbed, pure, purify, wipe clean). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

pročistiti (purge), očistiti (clean, clean off, clear, do away, expurgate, purge, scavenge, scour, shine, swab). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

limpiar (black, char, clean, clean down, clean out, clean up, clear, clear out, debug, delete, do, dredge, dust, efface, Frank, knock off, live down, make clean, manicure, mop, mop up, police, polish, purge, rub up, scavenge, scour, scrape, shine, swab, swob, tidy, tidy out, tidy up, turn out, wash, wipe, wipe down, wipe off, wipe out, wipe up). (various references)

   

Sranan

  

krin (clean, make clean, pure, purge). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

rensa (clean, clear, draw, dress, eviscerate, gut, Hull, make clean, pick, pick over, purge, sanitize, scour, shell, weed), rengöra (brush, clean, depurate, deterge, make clean, purge, scavenge). (various references)

   

Thai

  

ทำให้สะอา" (clear). (various references)

   

Turkish

  

temizlemek (bump off, clarify, clean, clean out, clean up, clear, clear up, decontaminate, depurate, do, do out, erase, excise, expurgate, get rid of, give smth. a sweep, gut, houseclean, mop up, purge, purify, rid, rub out, scavenge, swab down, sweep, swob down, tidy out, wipe away, wipe off, wipe out, wipe up), tedavi etmek (cure, doctor, nurse, physic, remedy, take, treat), iyileştirmek (ameliorate, amend, better, cicatrize, cure, heal, improve, make better, nurse, pull round, pull through, recruit, recuperate, rehabilitate, remedy, set up, upgrade), ayiklamak (clean, make clean, purge), arındırmak (clean, decontaminate, purge, purify). (various references)

   

Turkmen 

  

tдmizlemek (purify), taraюlamak (clean, polish). (various references)

   

Ukrainian

  

чистити (brighten, burnish, clean, clean down, flay, furbish, scour, scrub, stem), очищати (alcoholize, chasten, clarify, clean, clear, defecate, depurate, deterge, fine, outwash, purge, purify, rarefy, rectify, refine, scale, weed), дезінфікувати (dip, disinfect, fumigate). (various references)

   

Welsh

  

carthu (purge, scavenge), puro (purify), glanhau (purify). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Cleanse

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Sumerian3100 BCE-2500 BCE

gub. (various references)

Latin500 BCE-Modern

abluo, absterget, abstersit, dealbabuntur, dealbata, dealbatis, dealbaverunt, expurgate, extergent, extergere, extergimus, exterserit, extersit, munda, mundaberis, mundabimini, mundabis, mundabisque, mundabit, mundabitur, mundabo, mundabor, mundabunt, mundamini, mundandus, mundans, mundantes, mundantur, mundare, mundarentur, mundaret, mundari, mundas, mundata, mundatam, mundate, mundati, mundatio, mundatione, mundatis, mundatum, mundatur, mundatus, mundaveram, mundavero, mundaverunt, mundavi, mundavit, mundavitque, mundemus, mundent, munder, mundo, permundabit, propurga, purga, purgabis, purgabit, purgans, purgare, purgaret, purgat, purgato, purgatum, purgavit, purgavitque, purgetur, purgo, tergebat, tergo, thersa. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Bible Trace: Cleanse

LanguageDateSourceMatthew Chapter 10, Verse 8
Greek (transliterated)250 BCSeptuagintAsqenountaV qerapeuete leprouV kaqarizete nekrouV egeirete daimonia ekballete dwrean elabete dwrean dote
Latin405VulgateInfirmos curate mortuos suscitate leprosos mundate daemones eicite gratis accepistis gratis date
Old English990West SaxonHæled untrume. ä-weccheð deade.clænsieð hreofle. drifeð ut deofle. ge on-fengento gyfe. sylled to gyfe.
Middle English1395WyclifHeele ye sike men, reise ye deede men, clense ye mesels, caste ye out deuelis; freeli ye han takun, freli yyue ye.
Renaissance English1526TyndaleHeale the sicke clense the lepers rayse the deed caste oute the devils. Frely ye have receved frely geve agayne.
Jacobean English1611King JamesHeal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out devils: freely ye have received, freely give.
Victorian English1833WebsterHeal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, cast out demons: freely ye have received, freely give.
Basic English1964OgdenMake well those who are ill, give life to the dead, make lepers clean, send evil spirits out of men; freely it has been given to you, freely give.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Matched Bible Translations: Cleanse

LanguageMatthew Chapter 10, Verse 8
CebuanoAyoha ninyo ang mga masakiton, banhawa ninyo ang mga patay, hinloi ninyo ang mga sanlahon, pagulaa ninyo ang mga yawa. Nakadawat kamo nga walay bayad, busa panghatag kamo nga walay bayad.
CroatianBolesne lijeèite, mrtve uskrisujte, gubave èistite, zloduhe izgonite! Besplatno primiste, besplatno dajte!
DanishHelbreder syge, opvækker døde, renser spedalske, uddriver onde Ånder! I have modtaget det for intet, giver det for intet!
DutchGeneest de kranken; reinigt de melaatsen; wekt de doden op; werpt de duivelen uit. Gij hebt het om niet ontvangen, geeft het om niet.
FinnishParantakaa sairaita, herättäkää kuolleita, puhdistakaa pitalisia, ajakaa ulos riivaajia. Lahjaksi olette saaneet, lahjaksi antakaa.
FrenchGuérissez les malades, ressuscitez les morts, purifiez les lépreux, chassez les démons. Vous avez reçu gratuitement, donnez gratuitement.
GermanMacht die Kranken gesund, reinigt die Aussätzigen, weckt die Toten auf, treibt die Teufel aus. Umsonst habt ihr's empfangen, umsonst gebt es auch.
Haitian CreoleGeri moun ki malad. Fè moun mouri yo leve. Geri moun ki malad ak lalèp. Chase move lespri yo. Se gratis nou resevwa, se gratis tou pou nou bay.
Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hariSembuhkanlah orang-orang yang sakit; hidupkan orang-orang yang mati; sembuhkanlah orang-orang yang berpenyakit kulit yang mengerikan, dan usirlah roh-roh jahat. Kalian sudah menerima semuanya itu dengan cuma-cuma. Jadi, berilah juga dengan cuma-cuma.
Indonesian-Terjemahan LamaSembuhkanlah orang yang sakit, hidupkanlah orang yang mati, tahirkanlah orang yang kena bala zaraat dan buangkanlah segala setan. Karena dengan percuma kamu dapat, berikanlah juga dengan percuma.
Manx GaelicSlaanee-jee sleih chingey, glen-jee ny louranee, jean-jee ny merriu y aa-vioghey, as drogh-spyrrydyn y chastey: nastee ta shiu er gheddyn, as dy nastee cur-jee veue.
MaoriWhakaorangia nga turoro, meinga kia ma nga repera, whakaarahia nga tupapaku, peia nga rewera; ka riro noa nei i a koutou, me hoatu noa e koutou.
NorwegianHelbred syke, opvekk døde, rens spedalske, driv ut onde ånder! For intet har I fått det, for intet skal I gi det.
PortugueseCurai os enfermos, ressuscitai os mortos, limpai os leprosos, expulsai os demônios; de graça recebestes, de graça dai.   
RumanianVindecayi pe bolnavi, knviayi pe moryi, curqyiyi pe leprowi, scoateyi afarq dracii. Fqrq platq ayi primit, fqrq platq sq dayi.
Russian'ПМШОЩИ ЙУ"ЕМСКФЕ, ТПЛБЦЕООЩИ ПЮЙЭБКФЕ, НЕТФЧЩИ ЧПУЛТЕЫБКФЕ, 'ЕУПЧ ЙЪЗПОСКФЕ; "БТПН ПМХЮЙМЙ, "БТПН "БЧБКФЕ.
ShuarTunamarusha Chíkich sunkurjai jainia nusha tsuartarum. Jakasha iniantkitiarum. Yajauch wakancha shuara Enentáiya jiiki awematarum. Nu Túratin Kuítchajai kakaram susamuitrume, tuma asamtai atumsha Ashí ántrarmek Túratarum.'
SpanishSanad enfermos, resucitad muertos, limpiad leprosos, echad fuera demonios. De gracia habéis recibido; dad de gracia.
SwahiliPonyeni wagonjwa, fufueni wafu, takaseni wenye ukoma, toeni pepo. Mmepewa bure, toeni bure.
SwedishBoten sjuka, uppväcken döda, gören spetälska rena, driven ut onda andar. I haven fått för intet; så given ock för intet.
UmaPaka'uri' tauna to peda', potuwu' tauna to mate, paka'uri' tauna to mohaki' poko', popalai seta to mpohawi' manusia'. Hawe'ea rasi' to nawai' -kokoi Alata'ala, nawai' mara, uma ni'oli. Jadi', kana nipewai' mara wo'o-wadi-koiwo to ria hi koi'.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Cleanse

Derivations

Words beginning with "cleanse": cleansed, cleanser, cleansers, cleanses. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Cleanse" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: calenes, calibanese, celane, Celines, Claasen, cleane, cleanseth, cleantex, Cleanth, clease, Clelands, clence, clense, creaunce, Leanse. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Cleanse"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "cleanse" (pronounced kle"nz)
4-l e" n zglens, lens.
3-e" n zBens, dens, gens, hens, pens, tens.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Cleanse

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Direct Anagrams: enlaces, scalene.

Words within the letters "a-c-e-e-l-n-s"

-1 letter: aneles, cleans, encase, enlace, lances, seance, seneca.

-2 letters: acnes, alecs, anele, canes, cease, cense, clans, clean, easel, elans, laces, lance, lanes, leans, lease, lenes, lense, scale, scena, scene.

-3 letters: aces, acne, alec, alee, ales, anes, cane, cans, case, cees, cels, clan, ease, eels, elan, else, lace, lacs, lane, lase, lean, leas, lees, lens.

 Words containing the letters "a-c-e-e-l-n-s"
 

+1 letter: cenacles, cleaners, cleanest, cleansed, cleanser, cleanses, enclaves, nacelles, nuclease, recleans, salience, valences.

 

+2 letters: calenders, cancelers, ceruleans, clarences, cleanness, cleansers, clearness, elegances, encapsule, enclasped, lancelets, larceners, larcenies, latencies, mescaline, necklaces, nucleases, nucleates, pentacles, pleasance, precleans, reliances, saliences, selectman, semblance, seneschal, slackened, spanceled, tentacles, valencies, vernacles.

 

+3 letters: accentless, acetylenes, adolescent, affluences, anthelices, arecolines, ascendable, ascendible, blackeners, calentures, calmnesses, cancellers, celandines, celebrants, censurable, centesimal, centralest, centralise, challenges, chameleons, chandelles, changeless, channelers, cleanliest, clearances, clientages, coalescent, concealers, convalesce, covalences, decennials, elegancies, encapsuled, encapsules, encashable, enucleates, exultances, facileness, freelances, houseclean, interlaces, lacinesses, lambencies, lemniscate, licensable, linecaster, mescalines, opalescent, overcleans, percalines, petulances, placements, plasticene, pleasances, precancels, rebalances, rechannels, rectangles, relaunches, relevances, saliencies, screenable, screenland, screenplay, semblances, seneschals, solacement, spancelled, superclean, tolerances, uncleanest, unclearest, uncoalesce.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern
5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Photo Album
7. Sounds
8. Quotations: Fiction
9. Quotations: Non-fiction
10. Quotations: Speeches
11. Usage Frequency
12. Expressions
13. Expressions: Internet
14. Translations: Modern
15. Translations: Ancient
16. Bible Trace
17. Derivations
18. Rhymes
19. Anagrams
20. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.