Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: WEATHERING |
WEATHERINGNoun1. The action of the elements on a rock in altering its color, texture, or composition, or in rounding off its edges. Personal pronoun & verb & noun1. Of Weather |
Date "WEATHERING" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1837. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Chemical Industry | Exposure of a paint film to natural weathering or in an accelerated weathering equipment. Source: European Union. (references) |
Food & Agriculture | The action of natural atmospheric conditions on any material exposed to them. Source: European Union. (references) |
Geography | Processes of ablation and accumulation which gradually eliminate irregularities in an ice surface. Source: European Union. (references) |
Geological | Weathering includes two surface or near-surface processes that work in concert to decompose rocks. Both processes occur in place. No movement is involved in weathering. Chemical weathering involves a chemical change in at least some of the minerals within a rock. Mechanical weathering involves physically breaking rocks into fragments without changing the chemical make-up of the minerals within it. Mechanical weathering includes processes such as water in cracks freezing and expanding, or changes in temperature that expand and shrink individual minerals enough to break them apart. (references) |
Industry | Deterioration in transparency caused by a film formed on the surface of the glass by reaction with the atmosphere. Source: European Union. (references) |
| Chemical attack of the surface by natural agents in any environment. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Mining | A. The destructive processes by which earthy and rocky materials on exposure to atmospheric agents at or near the Earth's surface are changed in color, texture, composition, firmness, or form, with little or no transport of the loosened or altered material; specif. the physical disintegration and chemical decomposition of rock that produce an in-situ mantle of waste and prepare sediments for transportation. Most weathering occurs at the surface, but it may take place at considerable depths, as in well-jointed rocks that permit easy penetration of atmospheric oxygen and circulating surface waters b. Exposing ore to the atmosphere for long periods in order that a part, at least of the sulfide content, may become oxidized and washed away by the rain. (references) |
Science | The natural processes by which the actions of atmospheric and other environmental agents, such as wind, rain, and temperture changes, result in the physical disintegration and chemical decomposition of rocks and earth materials in place, with little or no transport of the loosened or altered material. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Chemical weathering of rock and sediment minerals and the leaching out (loss) of the more soluble parts produces soils.
The first-stage formation of caves, when limestone joints are enlarged due to the solution of the calcium carbonate, by the inorganic and humic acids in the water, is a kind of weathering. The sub-surface breakdown of rock on hillsides is also a common mode of weathering. Where rock is especially resistant to subsoil weathering, rock outcrops occur, but more often the rock decomposition is taking place unseen due to chemical forces.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Weathering."
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Weathering basalt column GrangevilleCottonwood Field OfficeUCSCUpper Columbia Salmon Clearwater District.Credit: Terry Maley. |  | Underway on 8 July 1941, with two F2A fighters parked at the forward end of her flight deck. Note flight deck markings: "LI". The ship is painted in Measure 1 camouflage, with heavy weathering of paint evident on the hull side.Credit: NAVY. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Economic History | Serbia and Montenegro | President Djukanovic continues to implement democratic and economic reforms, while weathering a relentless campaign by Milosevic to undermine his government. (references) |
Thailand | After weathering the economic crisis in 1997-8, major international corporations in Thailand have resumed training in such areas as team building, computers, language skills, and vocational training. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "WEATHERING" is generally used as a lexical verb (-ing form) -- approximately 52.03% of the time. "WEATHERING" is used about 148 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Lexical Verb (-ing form) | 52.03% | 77 | 37,929 |
| Noun (singular) | 27.03% | 40 | 54,274 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 17.57% | 26 | 68,323 |
| Noun (proper) | 3.38% | 5 | 157,705 |
| Total | 100.00% | 148 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "WEATHERING": frost weathering ♦ weathering waste. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "WEATHERING": weathering-limited. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "WEATHERING"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | gërryerje (abrasion, caries, chew, corrosion, denudation, depreciation, detrition, erosion), erozion (degradation, denudation, erosion). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | محدر منعا لتجميع المياه, التجوية أثر العوامل الجوية في لون الأشياء. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | изменения причинени от ерозия. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 风化 (Weathered). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | weathering (fade, stain), vind-og vanderosion (disintegration), vejrsmuldring og forvitring (disintegration), vejrsmuldring (disintegration), vejrpaavirkning, vejrpåvirkning, overfladebelaegning (coatings, fade, stain), forvitring (decomposition, degradation, degrade, denudation, disaggregation, disintegration, facturing, fade, natural disintegration, stain), erosion (erosion), elementernes nedbrydende virkning (disintegration), anloebning (fade, fogging, stain, staining, striking, tarnishing, warming-in). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | verwering (decomposition, disaggregation, disintegration, facturing, fade, natural disintegration, stain), verwerend, verweren (defend), aan-etsing (fogging, staining, tarnishing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | samentuma (fogging, staining, tarnishing), säänvaikutus, rapautuminen (decomposition, disintegration, natural disintegration), kuluminen (wear), eroosio (disintegration, erosion, scour). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | érosion. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Verwitterung (decomposition, disaggregation, disintegration, facturing, fade, natural disintegration, stain). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | έκθεση στην επίδραση των καιρικών συνθηκών, ιριδισμός επιφάνειας από πολύχρονη αποθήκευση (fade, stain), πούσι (mist), υποβάθμιση λόγω μετεωρολογικών επιδράσεων (decomposition, natural disintegration), αποσάθρωσις λόγω μετεωρολογικών επιδράσεων (decomposition, natural disintegration), αποσάθρωση (breaking, disaggregation, disintegration, facturing), ατμοσφαιρική αλλοίωσις (disintegration), θάμπωμα (blinding, bloom, blooming, delustring, dulling, fogging, frosting, staining, tarnishing), διάβρωση (corrosion, erosion). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | erózió (degradation, erosion, erosive). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | pelapukan, keausan (wearing out). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | pendenza a sgrondo, degrado da agenti atmosferici, corrosione da intemperie (decomposition, disintegration, natural disintegration), appannatura (bloom, dimming, fogging, stain, staining, sulphate bloom, tarnishing), alterazione superficiale per attacco atmosferico (fade, stain), alterazione da intemperie (disintegration). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 風化 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | ふうか. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | eatheringway meteorização(alteração atmosférica) (disintegration), meteorização (decomposition, disintegration, natural disintegration), exposição à intempérie, embaciamento (Mattock), desgaste natural, desgaste devido à acção do tempo (decomposition, natural disintegration), descomposição superficial pelos agentes atmosféricos (disintegration), desagregação (cloud-burst, disintegrator, dissolution, downfall), declive (abruptness, acclivity, cant, climbdown, declination, declivity, declivous, descent, dip, downhill, gradient, hang, hillside, incline, lay, ramp, side, slant, slanting, slide, slope, sloping, tilt), ataque pelos agentes atmosféricos (fade, stain), alteração superficial por ataque atmosférico (fade, stain), alteração superficial por acção do tempo (fogging, staining, tarnishing). (various references) dezagregare (break up, disintegration, disruption, dissolution). (various references) выветривание (eolation). (various references) ukošenje, obilaženje sa strane odakle duva vetar, nagib (bank, bevel, bias, camber, cant, descent, escarp, grade, gradient, heel, inclination, incline, lean, list, offset, pitch, slant, slope, tilt, tip), atmosfersko dejstvo na stenje. (various references) paño (broadcloth, cloth, dullness, duster, flaw, hangings, material, mist, pack, panel, sails, towel, wall, width, wool), meteorización (decomposition, disintegration, natural disintegration), intemperismo (decomposition, natural disintegration), erosión (abrasion, deflation, erosion), empañado (blurred, cloudy, dim, faint, filmy, misty, steamy, tarnished), efectos de temperie, edafización (decomposition, natural disintegration), desgaste (attrition, leak, scuff, wastage, waste, wear, wear and tear, wearout), ataque atmosférico (fade, stain), alteración por los agentes atmosféricos (fade, stain), alteración atmosférica, alteración (change, disturbance). (various references) förvittring (disintegration). (various references) kötü havadan aşınma. (various references) самодегазація, витримування, зливник (sink), ерозія (denudation, erosion, washout), дефляція (deflation). (various references) tuyết sương sự mòn, thời tiết (weather), sự vụn, sự rã ra (dissolution), nắng mưa, gió mưa. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "WEATHERING": weatherings. (additional references) | |
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"WEATHERING" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: waethering. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "WEATHERING" (pronounced we"thering) |
| 5 | -e" th er i ng | feathering. |
| 4 | -th er i ng | bothering, dithering, fathering, furthering, gathering, grandfathering, mothering, slithering, smothering, withering, Wuthering. |
| 3 | -er i ng | administering, altering, anchoring, angering, answering, auguring, backfiring, badgering, bantering, bartering, battering, belaboring, beleaguering, bettering, bewildering, bickering, blistering, blundering, blustering, bolstering, bordering, brokering, butchering, capturing, catering, censoring, centering, chartering, chattering, clamoring, clobbering, clustering, cluttering, coloring, configuring, conjuring, conquering, considering, cornering, countering, covering, cowering, culturing, deciphering, delivering, desiring, devouring, diapering, dickering, differing, discovering, disfavoring, disfiguring, dismembering, doctoring, doddering, embroidering, empowering, encountering, endangering, endeavoring, entering, factoring, faltering, favoring, featuring, festering, figuring, filibustering, filtering, fingering, flattering, flavoring, flickering, floundering, flowering, fluttering, fostering, foundering, fracturing, frittering, garnering, gerrymandering, gesturing, glimmering, glittering, glowering, guttering, hammering, hampering, hankering, harboring, hectoring, hindering, hollering, honoring, hovering, hungering, hunkering, injuring, inquiring, laboring, laundering, lawyering, layering, lecturing, lettering, levering, lingering, littering, loitering, lowering, lumbering, majoring, maneuvering, manufacturing, massacring, mastering, maundering, meandering, measuring, mentoring, metering, minoring, mirroring, mitering, mongering, monitoring, motoring, murdering, murmuring, mustering, muttering, nattering, neighboring, neutering, nonmanufacturing, numbering, nurturing, offering, ordering, outnumbering, pampering, pandering, papering, partnering, peppering, perjuring, pestering, petering, philandering, picturing, pilfering, plastering, plundering, pondering, posturing, powdering, powering, pressuring, proffering, prospering, puncturing, puttering, quivering, recapturing, reconsidering, recovering, rediscovering, reentering, registering, rejiggering, remembering, rendering, reoffering, reordering, requiring, restructuring, rewiring, rupturing, savoring, scampering, scattering, scouring, sculpturing, sequestering, severing, shattering, sheltering, shimmering, shivering, shouldering, showering, shuddering, shuttering, simmering, slaughtering, slobbering, slumbering, smattering, smoldering, snickering, sobering, soldering, soldiering, souring, spattering, spiering, splintering, sponsoring, sputtering, squandering, staggering, structuring, stuttering, suffering, surrendering, swaggering, sweltering, tailoring, tampering, tapering, teetering, tempering, tendering, thundering, tinkering, torturing, tottering, towering, transpiring, triggering, tutoring, uncovering, unflattering, unwavering, ushering, uttering, venturing, wagering, wallpapering, wandering, warmongering, watering, wavering, whimpering, whispering, wondering, zippering. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-e-g-h-i-n-r-t-w" | |
-1 letter: nightwear, reheating, wreathing. | |
-2 letters: earthing, gratinee, hearting, heritage, herniate, ingather, interage, thrawing, twangier, watering, weighter, whitener, wrathing, wreathen. | |
-3 letters: arenite, earthen, gahnite, granite, grantee, gratine, greaten, greenth, hairnet, hearing, hearten, heating, herniae, inearth, ingrate, integer, negater, neither, reagent, reginae, rehinge, retinae, reweigh, ringtaw, tangier, tawnier, tearing, thawing, thenage, therein, thewier, tinware, trainee, treeing. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-e-g-h-i-n-r-t-w" | |
+1 letter: enwreathing, weatherings. | |
+2 letters: cartwheeling, weatherizing. | |
+4 letters: watertightness. | |
+5 letters: weatherboarding, weatherproofing. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)57 45 41 54 48 45 52 49 4E 47 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).--. . .- - .... . .-. .. -. --. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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| Amazon.com BOOKS: Search for: "WEATHERING" |
