N

  

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N

Definition: N

N

Noun

1. (of a solution) concentration expressed in gram equivalents of solute per liter.

2. A common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues.

3. The cardinal compass point that is at 0 or 360 degrees.

4. A unit of force equal to the force that imparts an acceleration of 1 m/sec/sec to a mass of 1 kilogram; equal to 100,000 dynes.

5. The 14th letter of the Roman alphabet.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "N" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1350. (references)

 

Specialty Definition: N

DomainDefinition

Computing

N /N/ quant. 1. A large and indeterminate number of objects: "There were N bugs in that crock!" Also used in its original sense of a variable name: "This crock has N bugs, as N goes to infinity." (The true number of bugs is always at least N + 1; see Lubarsky's Law of Cybernetic Entomology.) 2. A variable whose value is inherited from the current context. For example, when a meal is being ordered at a restaurant, N may be understood to mean however many people there are at the table. From the remark "We'd like to order N wonton soups and a family dinner for N - 1" you can deduce that one person at the table wants to eat only soup, even though you don't know how many people there are (see great-wall). 3. `Nth': adj. The ordinal counterpart of N, senses 1 and 2. "Now for the Nth and last time..." In the specific context "Nth-year grad student", N is generally assumed to be at least 4, and is usually 5 or more (see tenured graduate student). See also {random numbers, two-to-the-N. Source: Jargon File.

Literature

N
N This letter represents a wriggling eel, and is called in Hebrew nun (a fish).
N in Spanish, has sometimes a mark over it, thus- ñ. This mark is called a tilde, and alters the sense and pronunciation of a word. Thus, "pena" means punishment, but "peña," a rock. (See Marks In Grammar .)
N (One whose name is not given.) (See M or N.)
N a numeral. Greek 50, but 50,000. N (Rom.) = 900, but = 900,000.
N added to Greek words ending in a short vowel to lengthen it "by position," and "1" added to French words beginning with a vowel, when they follow a word ending with a vowel (as si l'on for si on), is called N or L "ephelcystic" (tagged-on); Greek, epi helko. (See Marks In Grammar .). Source: Brewer's Dictionary.

Mining

A Diamond Core Drill Manufacturer's Association letter name for a range of diamond drill fittings intended to be used together with the appropriate casing having an inside diameter of 81 mm or somewhat less. (references)

Slang

Used before "years". Source: Unknown; possibly came from the word "many". Definition: Few years. Context: Used when you don't know exactly how many years, but want to say it's couple years/few years(ago). Social Source: Young Cantonese people. Source: Compiled by The University of Oregon. (additional references)

Space

Newton, a unit of force equal to the force required to accelerate a 1-kg mass 1 m per second per second (1m/sec2). Compare with dyne. (references)
 North. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Aozora Bunko: N

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

See Aozora Bunko

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Austria

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The Republic of Austria is a landlocked country in Central Europe, a federation of 9 states.
Austria is bordered by Liechtenstein and Switzerland in the west, Italy and Slovenia in the south, Hungary and Slovakia in the east, and Germany and the Czech Republic in the north.

Republik Österreich
(In Detail) (Full size)
''National motto: None''
Official language German
Capital Vienna
President Thomas Klestil
Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel
Area
 - Total
 - % water		 Ranked 112nd
83,858 km²
1.3%
Population
 - Total (2000)
 - Density		 Ranked 86th
8,150,835
97/km²
Independence
 - Date 		July 27, 1955
Currency Euro¹, Austrian euro coins
Time zone UTC +1
National anthem Land der Berge, Land am Strome
Internet TLD .AT
Calling Code 43
(1) Prior to 1999: Austrian schilling

History

Main article: History of Austria

After being conquered by the Romans, Huns, Lombards, Ostrogoths, Bavarians and Franks, Austria came under the rule of the Babenbergs from the 10th to the 13th century, which were succeeded by the Habsburgs. The line of this family continued to govern Austria until the 20th century.

After the abolition of the Holy Roman Empire, Austria became part of the double-monarchy Austria-Hungary in 1867. This nation was split up after being on the losing side of World War I, forming Austria as it is today. Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in 1938 (the "Anschluss").

The Allies occupied Austria at the end of World War II until 1955, when the country again became fully independent under the condition that it remained neutral. However, after the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, Austria became increasingly involved in European affairs, and in 1995, Austria joined the European Union, and the euro monetary system in 1999.

Politics

Main article: Politics of Austria

Head of state is the president, who is elected every 6 years by popular vote. The president chooses the chancellor, traditionally the leader of the largest party in the elections for parliament. The Austrian parliament consists of two chambers, the Bundesrat (federal council), which consists of 64 representatives of the states, based on population, and the Nationalrat (national council), which has 183 directly elected members.

After three decades of social-democratic majority (SPÖ) a right-wing coalition was formed in 2000, consisting of the conservative People's Party (ÖVP) and the right-wing Freedom Party (FPÖ). However, after some turmoil within the FPÖ concerning party policy and leadership, Federal Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel (ÖVP) announced on September 9, 2002 that general elections would be held prematurely at the end of November. In the elections of November 24, 2002, the ÖVP won a landslide victory (42.3% of the vote), whereas the FPÖ was reduced to a mere 10.1%.

The new Austrian parliament (Nationalrat, 183 seats) will be made up as follows:

On February 28, 2003, the coalition between the ÖVP and the FPÖ has been continued, again with Wolfgang Schüssel (ÖVP) as Federal Chancellor. His Vice Chancellor was Herbert Haupt (FPÖ) until replaced by Hubert Gorbach (FPÖ) on October 20, 2003. Prior to that, long-lasting "probing talks" ("Sondierungsgespräche") took place between the ÖVP and the other major parties FPÖ, SPÖ and the Green Party.

States

Main article: States of Austria

Map

A federal republic, Austria is divided into nine states, or Bundesländer. These are:

Geography

Main article: Geography of Austria

Being situated in the Alps, Austria's west and south are mountainous making Austria a well-known winter sports destination. The highest mountain is the Grossglockner, at 3,798 m. The north and east of the country are mostly rolling terrain. The climate is temperate, with cold winters and cool summers.

The main cities are capital Vienna, situated on the Danube, Salzburg, Innsbruck, Graz and Linz.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Austria

Austria, with its well-developed market economy and high standard of living, is closely tied to other European Union economies, especially Germany's. Membership in the EU has drawn an influx of foreign investors attracted by Austria's access to the single European market and proximity to EU aspirant economies. Slowing growth in Germany and elsewhere in the world slowed the economy to only 1.2% growth in 2001. To meet increased competition from both EU and Central European countries, Austria will need to emphasize knowledge-based sectors of the economy, continue to deregulate the service sector, and lower its tax burden.


An Austrian town (Kaprun, 786 metres, 2580 feet) in the state of Salzburg
Larger version

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Austria

About ten percent of the Austrians are of non-Austrian descent, many from surrounding countries, especially from the former East Bloc nations. Over 50,000 indigenous Slovenians live in the Austrian provinces of Carinthia and Styria. A large group of labour immigrants is also present. The official language, German, is spoken by everybody; the dialect is similar to that spoken in southern Germany.

There is, however, a separate standard for Austrian German with differences to the German spoken in Germany.

More than three-quarters of Austrians are Roman Catholic. Other important religions are Islam and Protestantism.

Culture

Main article: Culture of Austria

Austria has been the birthplace for several famous composers such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Johann Strauss, Sr & Johann Strauss, Jr and Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, Alban Berg (last 3 were in the famous Second Viennese School). Other famous Austrians include physicists Ludwig Boltzmann and Erwin Schrödinger as well as philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein and Kurt Goedel, psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, poet Peter Rosegger (see Music of Austria), and painter Gustav Klimt.

Being situated in the Alps, Austria has been the homeland of many great alpine skiers, such as Toni Sailer, Hermann Maier, Annemarie Moser-Pröll and Anita Wachter.

Holidays
DateEnglish Name Local NameRemarks
January 1New Year's DayNeujahr 
January 6EpiphanyEpiphanieHeilige Drei Könige
MoveableEaster SundayOstersonntagGood Friday work-free for Protestants
MoveableEaster MondayOstermontag 
May 1 Staatsfeiertagalso, Labour day
MoveableAscensionChristi HimmelfahrtThursday 40 days after Easter
MoveablePentecostPfingstsonntag 
MoveableWhit MondayPfingstmontag 
MoveableCorpus ChristiFronleichnamThursday 11 days after Pentecost
August 15Assumption of MaryMariae Himmelfahrt 
October 26National dayNationalfeiertagLaw on neutrality passed in 1955
November 1All SaintsAllerheiligen 
December 8Immaculate ConceptionMariae Empfängnis 
December 25ChristmasChristtag, Weihnachten 
December 26Boxing DayStephanitag 

Miscellaneous topics

Much of the material in these articles comes from the CIA World Factbook 2000 and the 2003 U.S. Department of State website.

External links

European Union:
Austria  |  Belgium  |  Denmark  |  Finland  |  France  |  Germany  |  Greece  |  Ireland
Italy  |  Luxembourg  |  Netherlands  |  Portugal  |  Spain  |  Sweden  |  United Kingdom

Countries acceding to membership on May 1, 2004:
Cyprus  |  Czech Republic  |  Estonia  |  Hungary  |  Latvia  |  Lithuania  |  Malta  |  Poland  |  Slovakia  |  Slovenia

Countries of the world  |  Europe  |  Council of Europe

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Austria."

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Casualties of the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Any tributes to the individuals lost in this tragedy are welcome and encouraged at our memorial site. Some articles originally posted to wikipedia have been moved there - if you are looking for such an article, please check there.

See also Missing Persons, Foreign casualties, and Survivors.

Casualties

Planes - World Trade Center - Pentagon
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

As of October 29, 2003, 2,995 people were presumed dead as a result of all four September 11 attacks. This includes the casualties at the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, on the airplanes and the hijackers.

Planes

265 people killed on four planes; 232 passengers, 25 flight attendants, 8 pilots. (Note that this total includes the 19 hijackers, who reportedly boarded the planes as passengers.)

See also: Memorial wiki tributes to the occupants of each plane

World Trade Center

By October 29, 2003, 2605 people were listed as confirmed dead and 1058 bodies had been identified. (Note: this total does not include the 127 passengers and 20 crew on the two aircraft or the 10 hijackers).

The listing and memorial.

See also:

Missing Persons

The number of missing people grew to estimates as high as over 6000 in the months following the attack, but steadily declined as stories were checked and duplicate entries removed. (See Timeline of WTC missing).

As of August 2002, there were approximately 90 people who were officially missing; that is, their remains had not been identified and no family members had requested a death certificate.

Detailed listing.

Survivors

The great majority of the over 40,000 people working at the World Trade Center at the time of the attack evacuated safely, including 18 who escaped from above the impact zone in the second tower hit. By 9/20/2001 6291 people, including rescue and recovery workers, had been treated for injuries.

Detailed listing.

Pentagon

The Pentagon reports 125 staffers killed or missing, with 121 remains recovered and identified, as of Sept. 11, 2002. At least one person died later as a result of wounds incurred.

The listing and memorial.

Missing Persons

The Pentagon reports 4 staffers missing. One passenger on the airliner which hit the Pentagon was also never identified.

Detailed listing.

Survivors

88 treated at hospital.

Detailed entry.

Victim legends

Due to the very large number of World Trade Center casualties and missing persons, victim legends were a common form of September 11, Terrorist Attack urban legends. These were tales of victims who did not exist, spread by word-of-mouth and the Internet. Official sites, such as http://www.september11victims.com, contain accurate entries and are trusted content. Because Wikipedia, and many other websites allowed freely adding victims, there were no doubt many obvious fake entries. Fake victims added to these lists were often simply missing at the time of the attacks, or actually survivors of the attacks.

See also

September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack - Donations - Assistance - Memorials and Services

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Casualties of the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks."

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List of airports: N

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

List of airports: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

N

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List of Biblical names starting with N

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

List of Biblical names
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - Y - Z

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List of books by title: N

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

List of books in alphabetical order by title:

A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

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List of cities in Germany starting with N

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

List of cities in Germany: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

TownPopulationDistrictBundesland
Naumburg30,200BurgenlandkreisSaxony-Anhalt
Neubrandenburg77,300--Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Neuenrade12,347Märkischer KreisNorth Rhine-Westphalia
Neuler3,044OstalbkreisBaden-Württemberg
Neumünster82,000--Schleswig-Holstein
Neuruppin32,800Ostprignitz-RuppinBrandenburg
Neustrelitz24,500Mecklenburg-StrelitzMecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Neustadt (Weinstraße)53,800--Rhineland-Palatinate
Nienburg32,900NienburgLower Saxony
Nordhorn51,300BentheimLower Saxony
Northeim32,500NortheimLower Saxony
Nuremberg (Nürnberg)485,394--Bavaria

A "--" in the district column means, that the town is a district-free town, i.e. it is by itself a district.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "List of cities in Germany starting with N."

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List of colleges and universities starting with N

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z
  1. N.L.V.R.G.S.R.V Junior College, Nimmakur
  2. Nagano University
  3. Nagasaki University
  4. Nagoya Institute of Technology
  5. Nagoya University
  6. Nan Tai College
  7. NanJing University
  8. Nanjing Agricultural University (Alumni)
  9. Nanjing University of Science and Technology
  10. Nankai University
  11. Nanyang Polytechnic
  12. Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
  13. Nanzan University
  14. Napier University
  15. Nara Institute of Science and Technology
  16. Naruto University of Education
  17. Nassau Community College
  18. Nation Changhua University of Education
  19. National Central University
  20. National Cheng Kung University
  21. National Chengchi University
  22. National Chiao Tung University
  23. National Chung Cheng University
  24. National Chung-Hsing University
  25. National College of Art and Design, Norway
  26. National College, Bangalore
  27. National Defense University
  28. National Hualien Teachers College
  29. National Institute of Development Administration
  30. National Institute of the Arts, Taiwan
  31. National Kaohsiung Normal University
  32. National Sun Yat-sen University
  33. National Taichung Institute of Commerce
  34. National Tainan Teachers College
  35. National Taipei Institute of Technology
  36. National Taiwan Institute of Technology
  37. National Taiwan Normal University
  38. National Taiwan Ocean University
  39. National Taiwan University
  40. National Technical Institute for the Deaf
  41. National Technical University of Athens
  42. National Technological University
  43. National Tsing-Hua University
  44. National University in San Diego
  45. National University of Defence Science and Technology (Alumni)
  46. National University of Ireland, Cork
  47. National University of Ireland, Dublin
  48. National University of Ireland, Galway
  49. National University of Ireland, Maynooth
  50. National University of Singapore
  51. National Yang Ming University
  52. National Yunlin Institute of Technology
  53. National-Louis University
  54. Navajo Community College
  55. Naval Postgraduate School
  56. Navarro College
  57. Nazareth College of Rochester
  58. Near East University
  59. Nesna College
  60. Neumann College
  61. New England Institute of Technology
  62. New England Technical Institute
  63. New Hampshire College
  64. New Jersey Institute of Technology
  65. New Mexico Highlands University
  66. New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
  67. New Mexico State University
  68. New Mexico State University - Alamogordo
  69. New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary
  70. New River Community College
  71. New School for Social Research
  72. New School for Social Research - Distance Learning
  73. New York College of Podiatric Medicine
  74. New York Institute of Technology
  75. New York University
  76. New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science
  77. Newberry College
  78. Newbury College
  79. Newcastle College
  80. Newport University
  81. Ngee Ann Polytechnic
  82. Niagara University
  83. Nicholls State University
  84. Nicolaus Copernicus University
  85. Nihon University
  86. Niigata University
  87. Nijenrode University
  88. Nipissing University
  89. Nippon Bunri University
  90. Nippon Dental University
  91. Nippon Medical School
  92. Nizhni Novgorod State University
  93. Noordelijke Hogeschool Leeuwarden
  94. Nord-Trondelag College
  95. Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet
  96. Normandale Community College
  97. North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University
  98. North Carolina Central University
  99. North Carolina Community College System
  100. North Carolina State University
  101. North Carolina Wesleyan College
  102. North Central Bible College
  103. North Country Community College
  104. North Dakota State University
  105. North Dakota University System
  106. North East Wales Institute of Higher Education
  107. North Georgia College
  108. North Greenville College
  109. North Harris Montgomery Community College District
  110. North Hennepin Community College
  111. North Iowa Area Community College
  112. North Lake Community College
  113. North Park College and Theological Seminary
  114. North Seattle Community College
  115. North Tyneside College
  116. Northeast Louisiana University
  117. Northeast Missouri State University
  118. Northeast State Technical Community College
  119. Northeastern Illinois University College of Business and Management
  120. Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine
  121. Northeastern State University
  122. Northeastern University
  123. Northeastern University, China
  124. Northern Arizona University
  125. Northern College of Applied Arts and Technology
  126. Northern Illinois University
  127. Northern Jiaotong University
  128. Northern Kentucky University
  129. Northern Michigan University
  130. Northern Nevada Community College
  131. Northern State University
  132. Northern Territory University
  133. Northern University of Malaysia
  134. Northern Virginia Community College
  135. Northland College
  136. Northland Pioneer College
  137. Northwest College
  138. Northwest Community College
  139. Northwest Missouri State University
  140. Northwest Nazarene College
  141. Northwestern College
  142. Northwestern Michigan College
  143. Northwestern Polytechnical University
  144. Northwestern State University
  145. Northwestern University
  146. Northwood University
  147. Norwalk State Technical Community College
  148. Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim
  149. Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration
  150. Norwegian School of Management
  151. Norwich University
  152. Notre Dame University, Western Australia
  153. Notre Dame Women's College
  154. Nottingham Business School
  155. Nottingham Trent University
  156. Nottingham University
  157. Nova Scotia Agricultural College
  158. Nova Scotia College of Art and Design
  159. Nova Scotia Community College
  160. Nova Scotia Gaelic College
  161. Nova Southeastern University
  162. Novgorod State University
  163. Novosibirsk State Technical University
  164. Novosibirsk State University

See also : Colleges and universities

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "List of colleges and universities starting with N."

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List of Japanese authors:N

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

List of Japanese authors

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List of people by name: N

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

List of people by name: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z Na - Nb - Nc - Nd - Ne - Nf - Ng - Nh - Ni - Nj - Nk - Nl - Nm - Nn - No - Np - Nq - Nr - Ns - Nt - Nu - Nv - Nw - Nx - Ny - Nz

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "List of people by name: N."

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List of people by name: Na

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

List of people by name: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z Na - Nb - Nc - Nd - Ne - Nf - Ng - Nh - Ni - Nj - Nk - Nl - Nm - Nn - No - Np - Nq - Nr - Ns - Nt - Nu - Nv - Nw - Nx - Ny - Nz

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List of people by name: Nd

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

List of people by name: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z Na - Nb - Nc - Nd - Ne - Nf - Ng - Nh - Ni - Nj - Nk - Nl - Nm - Nn - No - Np - Nq - Nr - Ns - Nt - Nu - Nv - Nw - Nx - Ny - Nz

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List of people by name: Ne

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

List of people by name: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z Na - Nb - Nc - Nd - Ne - Nf - Ng - Nh - Ni - Nj - Nk - Nl - Nm - Nn - No - Np - Nq - Nr - Ns - Nt - Nu - Nv - Nw - Nx - Ny - Nz

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List of people by name: Ng

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

List of people by name: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z Na - Nb - Nc - Nd - Ne - Nf - Ng - Nh - Ni - Nj - Nk - Nl - Nm - Nn - No - Np - Nq - Nr - Ns - Nt - Nu - Nv - Nw - Nx - Ny - Nz

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List of people by name: Ni

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

List of people by name: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z Na - Nb - Nc - Nd - Ne - Nf - Ng - Nh - Ni - Nj - Nk - Nl - Nm - Nn - No - Np - Nq - Nr - Ns - Nt - Nu - Nv - Nw - Nx - Ny - Nz

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List of people by name: Nj

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

List of people by name: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z Na - Nb - Nc - Nd - Ne - Nf - Ng - Nh - Ni -Nj - Nk - Nl - Nm - Nn - No - Np - Nq - Nr - Ns - Nt - Nu - Nv - Nw - Nx - Ny - Nz

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List of people by name: Nk

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

List of people by name: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z Na - Nb - Nc - Nd - Ne - Nf - Ng - Nh - Ni - Nj - Nk - Nl - Nm - Nn - No - Np - Nq - Nr - Ns - Nt - Nu - Nv - Nw - Nx - Ny - Nz

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List of people by name: No

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

List of people by name: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z Na - Nb - Nc - Nd - Ne - Nf - Ng - Nh - Ni - Nj - Nk - Nl - Nm - Nn - No - Np - Nq - Nr - Ns - Nt - Nu - Nv - Nw - Nx - Ny - Nz

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List of people by name: Nt

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

List of people by name: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z Na - Nb - Nc - Nd - Ne - Nf - Ng - Nh - Ni - Nj - Nk - Nl - Nm - Nn - No - Np - Nq - Nr - Ns - Nt - Nu - Nv - Nw - Nx - Ny - Nz

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List of people by name: Nu

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

List of people by name: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z Na - Nb - Nc - Nd - Ne - Nf - Ng - Nh - Ni - Nj - Nk - Nl - Nm - Nn - No - Np - Nq - Nr - Ns - Nt - Nu - Nv - Nw - Nx - Ny - Nz

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List of people by name: Ny

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

List of people by name: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z Na - Nb - Nc - Nd - Ne - Nf - Ng - Nh - Ni - Nj - Nk - Nl - Nm - Nn - No - Np - Nq - Nr - Ns - Nt - Nu - Nv - Nw - Nx - Ny - Nz

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List of people by name: Nz

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

List of people by name: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z Na - Nb - Nc - Nd - Ne - Nf - Ng - Nh - Ni - Nj - Nk - Nl - Nm - Nn - No - Np - Nq - Nr - Ns - Nt - Nu - Nv - Nw - Nx - Ny - Nz

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List of rare diseases starting with N

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

This list of rare diseases was originally taken from the NIH public domain resource at http://ord.aspensys.com/asp/diseases/diseases.asp .

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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List of songs by name: N

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

List of songs by name: 0 - A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

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N

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

N is the fourteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet.

Semitic Nûn was probably the picture of a snake; the sound value of the letter was /n/ - as in Greek, Etruscan, Latin and all modern languages. Greek name: Nυ, Ny.

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z

November represents the letter N in the NATO phonetic alphabet.

N also stands for:

See also: Ñ

Two-letter combinations starting with N:

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "N."

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N Chandrababu Naidu

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)


Nara Chandrababu Naidu (born 1950) is currently, the chief minister of Andhra Pradesh, an Indian state.

Naidu, as he is popularly and shortly known, was able to attract massive Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) into his state with a totally professional and electronic governing style, completely alien to Indian politics. He was successful to the extent that both Bill Clinton, the former President of the United States, as well as Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, visited his state to review both development and prospects of FDI. He was thus awarded The Best Businessman of 2002 by a popular Indian financial daily, called The Economic Times.

(Still a stub)

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "N Chandrababu Naidu."

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NaN

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

In computing, Not a Number is a result typically indicating out-of-bounds input or output in floating point calculations. For example, a typical floating point unit is not designed to be able to calculate the square root of negative numbers, and will instead return a NaN result.

In floating point calculations, NaN is not the same as zero or infinity, although all three are typically handled as special cases in floating point representations of real numbers. It is also not the same as an overflow or underflow error.

See also: IEEE Floating Point Standard

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "NaN."

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National Council of Switzerland

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The National Council of Switzerland is the large Chamber of the parliament and has 200 seats. Each canton is a constituency. The number of deputies of each constituency depends on the population of the canton. Zurich, which is the largest canton of Switzerland, has 34 seats. Uri, Glarus, Obwalden, Nidwalden and Appenzell Innerrhoden, on the other hand, each have only one seat. For cantons with more than one seat proportional representation is used.

There are currently (2002) 47 women in the National Council (23.5%).

The National Council is elected by the Swiss citizens, as is most of the Swiss Council of States. There were 4.6 million citizens in 2002.

Abbr Canton Number of Seats

ZHZurich34
BEBerne26
LULucerne10
URUri1
SZSchwyz4
OWObwalden (Obwald)1
NWNidwalden (Nidwald)1
GLGlarus1
ZGZug3
FRFribourg7
SOSolothurn7
BSBasel-City (Basle Town)5
BLBasel-Country (Basle Country)7
SHSchaffhausen2
ARAppenzell Outer Rhodes1
AIAppenzell Inner Rhodes1
SGSt. Gallen (St. Gall)12
GRGraubünden (Grisons)5
AGAargau (Argovia)15
TGThurgau (Thurgovia)6
TITicino8
VDVaud18
VSValais7
NENeuchâtel5
GEGeneva11
JUJura2

See also: Presidents of the National Council of Switzerland.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "National Council of Switzerland."

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Natural number

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

A natural number is a non-negative integer: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ... (Zero is sometimes excluded.) These are the first numbers learned by children, and the easiest to understand. Natural numbers have two main purposes: they can be used for counting ("there are 3 apples on the table), or they can be used for ordering ("this is the 3rd largest city in the state"). The deeper properties of the natural numbers, such as the distribution of prime numbers, are studied in number theory.

History of natural numbers and the status of zero

Natural numbers were originally invented to count physical objects. Their first systematic study as things in themselves (separated from physical objects) is usually credited to the Greek philosophers Pythagoras and Archimedes. However, independent studies occurred at around the same time in India, China, and Mesoamerica.

Zero is relatively newborn. A zero digit was used in place-value notation as early as 400 BC by the Babylonians. The Olmec and Maya civilization used zero as a separate number as early as 1st century BC, apparently developed independently, but they did not pass it along to anyone outside of Mesoamerica. The modern concept dates to the Indian mathematician Brahmagupta in 628 AD. It took more than five centuries for European mathematicians to accept zero as a number, and even when they did, it was not counted as a natural number.

In the nineteenth century, a set-theoretical definition of the natural numbers was developed. With this definition, it was more convenient to include zero (corresponding to the empty set) in the naturals. Wikipedia follows this convention, as do set theorists, logicians, and computer scientists. Some other mathematicians, mainly number theorists, prefer to follow the old tradition and exclude zero from the natural numbers.

The term whole number is used informally by some authors for an element of the set of integers, the set of non-negative integers, or the set of positive integers.

Notation

Mathematicians use N or (an N in blackboard bold) to refer to the set of all natural numbers. This set is infinite but countable by definition.

W or is sometimes used to refer to the set of whole numbers, by authors who do not identify it with the integers.

Formal definitions

The precise mathematical definition of the natural numbers has not been easy. The Peano postulates state conditions that any successful definition must satisfy:

If zero is excluded from the natural numbers, every 0 in the Peano postulates should be replaced by a 1.

A standard construction in set theory is to define each natural number as the set of natural numbers less than it, so that 0 = {}, 1 = {0}, 2 = {0,1}, 3 = {0,1,2}... When you see a natural number used as a set, this is typically what is meant. Under this definition, there are exactly n elements in the set n and if m is bigger than n, then n is a subset of m.

Properties

One can inductively define an addition on the natural numbers by requiring a + 0 = a and a + (b + 1) = (a + b) + 1. This turns the natural numbers (N, +) into a commutative monoid with neutral element 0, the so-called free monoid with one generator. This monoid satisfies the cancellation property and can therefore be embedded in a group. The smallest group containing the natural numbers is the integers.

Analogously, a multiplication * can be defined via a * 0 = 0 and a * (b + 1) = ab + a. This turns (N, *) into a commutative monoid; addition and multiplication are compatible which is expressed in the distribution law: a * (b + c) = ab + ac.

Furthermore, one defines a total order on the natural numbers by writing a ≤ b if and only if there exists another natural number c with a + c = b. This order is compatible with the arithmetical operations in the following sense: if a, b and c are natural numbers and a <= b, then a + c ≤ b + c and ac ≤ bc. An important property of the natural numbers is that they are well-ordered: every non-empty set of natural numbers has a smallest element.

While it is in general not possible to divide one natural number by another and get a natural number as result, the procedure of division with remainder is available as a substitute: For any two natural numbers a and b with b ≠ 0 we can find natural numbers q and r such that

a = bq + r and r < b

The number q is called the quotient and r is called the remainder of division of a by b. The numbers q and r are uniquely determined by a and b. This, the quotient-remainder theorem, is key to several other properties (divisibility), algorithms (such as the Euclidean algorithm), and ideas in number theory.

Generalizations

Two generalizations of natural numbers arise from the two uses: ordinal numbers are used to describe the position of an element in a ordered sequence and cardinal numbers are used to specify the size of a given set.

For finite sequences or finite sets, both of these are of course the same as the natural numbers.
zh-cn:自然数 zh-tw:自然數

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Natural number."

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Neutron

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

In physics, the neutron is a subatomic particle with no net electric charge and a mass of 940 MeV (very slightly more than a proton). The nucleus of most atoms (all except the most common isotope of Hydrogen, which consists of a single proton only) consists of protons and neutrons. Outside the nucleus, neutrons are unstable and have a half-life of about 15 minutes, decaying by emitting an electron and antineutrino to become a proton. The same decay method (beta decay) occurs in some nuclei. Particles inside the nucleus are typically resonances between neutrons and protons, which transform into one another by the emission and absorption of pions. A neutron is classified as a baryon, and consists of two down quarks and one up quark.

The characteristic of neutrons which most differentiates them from other common subatomic particles is the fact that they are uncharged. This property of neutrons delayed their discovery, makes them very penetrating, makes it impossible to observe them directly, and makes them very important as agents in nuclear change.

Although atoms in their normal state are also uncharged, they are ten thousand times larger than a neutron and consist of a complex system of negatively charged electrons widely spaced around a positively charged nucleus. Charged particles (such as protons, electrons, or alpha particles) and electromagnetic radiations (such as gamma rays) lose energy in passing through matter. They exert electric forces which ionize atoms of the material through which they pass. The energy taken up in ionization equals the energy lost by the charged particle, which slows down, or by the gamma ray, which is absorbed. The neutron, however, is unaffected by such forces; it is affected only by the very short-range strong nuclear force which comes into play when the neutron comes very close indeed to an atomic nucleus. Consequently a free neutron goes on its way unchecked until it makes a "head-on" collision with an atomic nucleus. Since nuclei have a very small cross section, such collisions occur but rarely and the neutron travels a long way before colliding.

In the case of a collision of the elastic type, the ordinary laws of momentum apply as they do in the elastic collision of billiard balls. If the nucleus that is struck is heavy, it acquires relatively little speed, but if it is a proton, which is approximately equal in mass to the neutron, it is projected forward with a large fraction of the original speed of the neutron, which is itself correspondingly slowed. Secondary projectiles resulting from these collisions may be detected, for they are charged and produce ionization.

The uncharged nature of the neutron makes it not only difficult to detect but difficult to control. Charged particles can be accelerated, decelerated, or deflected by electric or magnetic fields which have no effect on neutrons. Furthermore, free neutrons can be obtained only from nuclear disintegrations; there is no natural supply. The only means we have of controlling free neutrons is to put nuclei in their way so that they will be slowed and deflected or absorbed by collisions. These effects are of great practical importance in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons.

Discovery

In 1930 Walther Bothe and H. Becker in Germany found that if the very energetic natural alpha particles fromfrom polonium fell on certain of the light elements, specifically beryllium, boron, or lithium, an unusually penetrating radiation was produced. At first this radiation was thought to be gamma radiation although it was more penetrating than any gamma rays known, and the details of experimental results were very difficult to interpret on this basis. The next important contribution was reported in 1932 by Irene Curie and F. Joliot in Paris. They showed that if this unknown radiation fell on paraffin or any other hydrogen-containing compound it ejected protons of very high energy. This was not in itself inconsistent with the assumed gamma ray nature of the new radiation, but detailed quantitative analysis of the data became increasingly difficult to reconcile with such an hypothesis. Finally (later in 1932) the physicist James Chadwick in England performed a series of experiments showing that the gamma ray hypothesis was untenable. He suggested that in fact the new radiation consisted of uncharged particles of approximately the mass of the proton, and he performed a series of experiments verifying his suggestion. Such uncharged particles are now called neutrons.

Current developments

The existence of stable clusters of four neutrons, or tetraneutrons, has been hypothesised by a team led by Francisco-Miguel Marqués at the CNRS Laboratory for Nuclear Physics based on observations of the disintegration of beryllium-14 nuclei. This is particularly interesting, because current theory suggests that these clusters should not be stable, and therefore not exist.

See also particle physics, subatomic particle, chemistry, and neutron star.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Neutron."

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Neutron emission

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Nuclear processes
Radioactive decay processes
  • Alpha decay
  • Beta decay
  • Electron capture
  • Gamma radiation
  • Neutron emission
  • Positron emission
  • Proton emission
  • Spontaneous fission
Nucleosynthesis
  • Neutron Capture
    • The R-process
    • The S-process
  • Proton capture:
    • The P-process

Neutron emission is a type of radioactive decay in which a neutron is simply ejected from the nucleus. An example isotope which emits neutrons is Be-13.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Neutron emission."

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Newton

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

This article is about the SI unit of force. For other uses see Newton (disambiguation)

In physics, a derived SI unit, the newton (symbol: N) is the unit of force, named for Sir Isaac Newton in recognition of his work on classical mechanics. It was adopted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) in 1960. It is defined as the amount of force required to accelerate a one-kilogram mass at a rate of one meter per second per second.

Its dimensions in SI base units are m·kg·s-2.

It is also the unit of weight, as weight is the force acting between two objects due to gravity. A mass of one kilogram near the Earth's surface has a weight of approximately 9.81 newtons, although this figure varies by a few tenths of one percent over the Earth's surface. Conversely, an object with a mass of 102 grams weighs roughly one newton. Rather fittingly, given the story about Newton's discovery of gravity, this is about the mass of a small apple.

See also: dyne, the unit of force of the (mostly obsolete) CGS system

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Newton."

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Nitrogen

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Carbon - Nitrogen - Oxygen
 
N
P  
 
 

Full table
General
Name, Symbol, NumberNitrogen, N, 7
Chemical series nonmetals
Group, Period, Block15 (VA), 2 , p
Density, Hardness 1.2506 kg/m3(273K), NA
Appearance colorless
Atomic Properties
Atomic weight 14.0067 amu
Atomic radius (calc.) 65 (56) pm
Covalent radius 75 pm
van der Waals radius 155 pm
Electron configuration [He]2s2s22p3
e- 's per energy level2, 5
Oxidation states (Oxide) ±3,5,4,2 (strong acid)
Crystal structure hexagonal
Physical Properties
State of matter gas (__)
Melting point 63.14 K (-345.75 °F)
Boiling point 77.35 K (-320.17 °F)
Molar volume 13.54 ×1010-3 m3/mol
Heat of vaporization 2.7928 kJ/mol
Heat of fusion 0.3604 kJ/mol
Vapor pressure __ Pa at __ K
Speed of sound 334 m/s at 298.15 K
Miscellaneous
Electronegativity 3.04 (Pauling scale)
Specific heat capacity 1040 J/(kg*K)
Electrical conductivity __ 106/m ohm
Thermal conductivity 0.02598 W/(m*K)
1st ionization potential 1402.3 kJ/mol
2nd ionization potential 2856 kJ/mol
3rd ionization potential 4578.1 kJ/mol
4th ionization potential 7475.0 kJ/mol
5th ionization potential 9444.9 kJ/mol
6th ionization potential 53266.6 kJ/mol
7th ionization potential 64360 kJ/mol
Most Stable Isotopes
isoNAhalf-life DMDE MeVDP
13N{syn.}9.965 me capture2.22013C
14N99.634%N is stable with 7 neutrons
15N0.366%N is stable with 8 neutrons
SI units & STP are used except where noted.
Nitrogen is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol N and atomic number 7. A common normally colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic non-metal gas, nitrogen constitutes 78 percent of earth's atmosphere and is a constituent of all living tissues. Nitrogen forms many important compounds such as ammonia, nitric acid, and cyanides.

Notable Characteristics

Nitrogen is a non-metal, with an electronegativity of 3.0. It has five electrons in its outer shell, so is trivalent in most compounds. Pure nitrogen is an unreactive colorless diatomic gas at room temperature, and comprises about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere. It condenses at 77 K and freezes at 63 K. Liquid nitrogen is a common cryogen.

Applications

The greatest single commercial use of nitrogen is as a component in the manufacture of ammonia via the Haber process. Ammonia is subsequently used for fertilizer production and to produce nitric acid. Nitrogen is used as an inert atmosphere in tanks of explosive liquid storage tanks, during production of electronic parts such as transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits, and is used in the manufacture of stainless steel. Nitrogen is used as a coolant both for the immersion freezing of food products and for transportation of foods, for the preservation of bodies and reproductive cells (sperm and egg), and for the stable storage of biological samples in biology.

The salts of nitric acid include some important compounds, for example potassium nitrate, or saltpeter, and ammonium nitrate. The former compound is a component of gunpowder, the latter important in fertilizer. Nitrated organic compounds, such as nitroglycerin and trinitrotoluene, are often explosives.

Nitric acid is used as an oxidizer in liquid fueled rockets. Hydrazine and hydrazine derivatives find use as rocket fuels.

Nitrogen in its liquid state (often referred to as LN2) is often used in cryogenics. Liquid nitrogen is produced by distillation from liquid air. At atmospheric pressure, nitrogen condenses at -195.8 degrees Celsius. (-320.4 degrees Fahrenheit).

History

Nitrogen (Latin nitrum, Greek Nitron meaning "native soda", "genes", "forming") is formally considered to have been discovered by Daniel Rutherford in 1772, who called it noxious air. That there was a fraction of air that did not support combustion was well known to the late 18th century chemist. Nitrogen was also studied at about the same time by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Henry Cavendish, and Joseph Priestley, who referred to it as burnt air or dephilogisticated air. Nitrogen gas was inert enough that Antoine Lavoisier referred to it as azote, which stands for without life.

Compounds of nitrogen were known in the Middle Ages. The alchemists knew nitric acid as aqua fortis. The mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids was known as aqua regia, celebrated for its ability to dissolve gold.

Occurrence

Nitrogen is the largest single component of the Earth's atmosphere (78.1% by volume) and is acquired for industrial purposes by the fractional distillation of liquid air.. Compounds that contain this element have been observed in outer space. Nitrogen-14 is created as part of the fusion processes in stars. Nitrogen is a large component of animal waste (for example, guano), usually in the form of urea, uric acid, and compounds of these nitrogenous products.

Compounds

The main hydride of nitrogen is ammonia (NH3) although hydrazine (N2H4) is also well known. Ammonia is somewhat more basic than water, and in solution forms ammonium ions (NH4+). Liquid ammonia in fact slightly amphiprotic and forms ammonium and amide ions (NH2-); both amides and nitride (N3-) salts are known, but decompose in water. Singly and doubly substituted compounds of ammonia are called amines. Larger chains, rings and structures of nitogen hydrides are also known but virtually unstable.

Other classes of nitrogen anions are azides (N3-), which are linear and isoelectronic to carbon dioxide. Another molecule of the same structure is dinitrogen monoxide (N2O), or laughing gas. This is one of a variety of oxides, the most prominent of which are nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which both contain an unpaired electron. The latter shows some tendency to dimerize and is an important component of smog.

The more standard oxides, dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3) and dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), are actually fairly unstable and explosive. The corresponding acids are nitrous (HNO2) and nitric acid (HNO3), with the corresponding salts called nitrites and nitrates. Nitric acid is one of the few acids stronger than hydronium.

Biological Role

Nitrogen is an essential part of amino and nucleic acids which makes nitrogen vital to all life. Legumes like the soybean plant, can recover nitrogen directly from the atmosphere because their roots have nodules harboring microbes that do the actual conversion to ammonia in a process known as nitrogen fixation. The legume subsequently converts ammonia to nitrogen oxides and amino acids to form proteins.

Isotopes

There are two stable isotopes: N-14 and N-15. By far the most common is N-14 (99.634%), which is produced in the CNO cycle in stars. The rest is N-15. Of the ten isotopes produced synthetically, one has a half life of nine minutes and the remaining isotopes have half lives on the order of seconds or less. Biologically-mediated reactions (e.g., assimilation, nitrification, and denitrification) strongly control nitrogen dynamics in the soil. These reactions almost always result in N-15 enrichment of the substrate and depletion of the product. Although precipitation often contains subequal quantities of ammonium and nitrate, because ammonium is preferentially retained by the canopy relative to atmospheric nitrate, most of the atmospheric nitrogen that reaches the soil surface is in the form of nitrate. Soil nitrate is preferentially assimilated by tree roots relative to soil ammonium.

Precautions

Nitrate fertilizer washoff is a major source of ground water and river pollution. Cyano (-CNN) containing compounds form extremely poisonous salts and are deadly to many animals and all mammals.

See also

External Links

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Nitrogen group

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The Nitrogen group is also known as Group V of the periodic table.

This group has the defining characteristic that all the component elements have 5 electrons in their outermost shell, that is 2 electrons in the s subsshell and 3 in the p subshell. They are therefore 3 electrons short of filling their outermost electron shell in their non-ionized state.

The most important element of this group is Nitrogen N, which in its diatomic form is the principle component of air.

Other members of the group include Phosphorus P, Arsenic As, Antimony Sb, and Bismuth Bi.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Nitrogen group."

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North

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

North is one of the four primary directions or cardinal points of the compass, specifically the direction treated, in Western culture, as the primary direction and used (explicitly or implicitly) to define all other directions. (As to the arbitrary nature of this choice, and psycho-social consequences of it, see boreocentrism.)

Definitions

North can mean:
  1. true north, the direction along the earth's surface toward one pole of the earth's rotation, namely the pole that is clearly on one's left when standing at the Equator while facing the rising sun.
  2. magnetic north, the direction along the earth's surface in which horizontal magnetic field strength has its most positive value (but see Flipping of planetary magnetic poles for an eventual event, so rare as to make unlikely any advance agreement on whether one or two retronyms would be involved in the replacement terminology)
  3. a loosely specified direction, usually within half a right angle of true north, especially when stating travel instructions in an area where directions of travel are constrained by an approximately rectangular grid of streets, hallways, etc.
  4. the orientation of a traveller with respect to a visible or otherwise definite continuous two-way route, such that sustained travel over the whole of the route produces a change of position to a location further north, even if that involves travelling a part of the route in another direction, even straight south; often termed "northbound".
  5. pertaining to the part of a route mainly or exclusively used by northbound traffic, where southbound traffic is separated by barriers, or where both are encouraged to stay mostly in one portion by rules of the road; often termed "northbound".

Magnetic North and Declination

Magnetic north is of interest because it is the direction indicated as north on a properly functioning (but uncorrected) magnetic compass. The difference between it and true north is called the magnetic declination (or simply the declination where the context is clear). For many purposes and physical circumstances, the error in direction that results from ignoring the distinction is tolerable; in others a mental or instrument compensation, based on assumed knowledge of the applicable declination, can solve all the problems. But simple generalizations on the subject should be treated as unsound, and as likely to reflect popular misconceptions about terrestrial magnetism.

Roles of North as Prime Direction

The visible rotation of the night sky about the visible celestial pole provides a vivid metaphor of that direction corresponding to up. Thus the choice of the north as corresponding to up in the northern hemisphere, or of south in that role in the southern, is, prior to world-wide communication, anything but an arbitrary one. On the contrary, it is of interest that Chinese culture ever considered south as the proper top end for maps.
In Western culture (unless making a point about harmful effects, or the arbitrary nature, of boreocentrism):

Roles of East and West as Inherantly Subsidiary Directions

It is worth noting that while the choice of north over south as prime direction reflects quite arbitrary historical factors, east and west are not nearly as natural alternatives as first glance might suggest. Their folk definitions are, respectively, "where the sun rises" and "where it sets". Except on the Equator, however, these definitions, taken together, would imply that Reasonably accurate folk astronomy, such as is usually attributed to Stone Age Celts, would arrive at east and west by noting the directions of rising and setting (preferably more than once each) and choosing as prime direction one of the two mutually opposite directions that lie halfway between those two. The true folk-astronomical definitions of east and west are "the directions, a right angle from the prime direction, that are closest to the rising and setting, respectively, of the sun (or moon).

See also: "The North", a sense of the term that refers to the wealthy and powerful "North" of the world, as contrasted to the poorer "South".)

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "North."

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North Korea

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in eastern Asia, covering the northern half of the peninsula of Korea. To the south it borders South Korea with which it formed a single nation until 1948. Its northern border is predominantly with China, and a small section with Russia. It is more commonly known locally as Buk Chosŏn ("North Chosŏn"; 북조선 北朝鮮). Buk Han ("North Han"; 북한 北韓) is commonly used in South Korea, as is the revised romanisation of Chosun Minjujui Inmin Gonghwa-guk for the official name.

조선 민주주의 인민 공화국
Chosun Minchu'chui Inmin Konghwa'guk
(In Detail)
National motto: One is sure to win if he believes in and depends upon the people
Official languageKorean
Capital P'yŏngyang
Chairman, National Defense CommissionKim Jong-il2
President, Supreme People's Assembly PresidiumKim Yong-nam1
PremierPak Pong-ju
Area
 - Total
 - % water		Ranked 97th
120,540 km²
0.1%
Population
 - Total (2002)
 - Density		Ranked 49th
22,224,195
182.25/km²
Independence
 - Date 		From Japan
August 15, 1945
Currency North Korean won
Time zone UTC +9
National anthem A ch'im un pinnara, i kangsan ungum e
Internet TLDNone (.KP is reserved)
Calling Code850
(1) Kim Yong-nam is the de facto head of state; Kim Il-sung is "eternal president"
(2) Kim Jong Il is the most powerful figure in the DPRK; the Chairman of the National Defence Commission is accorded the nation's "highest administrative authority"

History

For pre-1945 history, see Korea Main article: History of North Korea

Japanese occupation of Korea ended after World War II in 1945. Then, Korea was occupied by the Soviet Union north of the 38th parallel and by the United States south of the 38th parallel. United States suppressed an existing network of local Peoples Committees; meanwhile Cold War tensions rose. This led in 1948 to the establishment of two governments claiming to be the sole government of all of Korea: a communist North, and a United States-controlled South led by anti-communist Syngman Rhee. In June 1950, the North Korean Peoples Army attacked, launching the Korean War. The United States-backed South and the Chinese-backed North eventually reached a stalemate. In 1953 they signed a ceasefire, splitting the peninsula along a demilitarised zone along the 38th parallel.

North Korea was ruled from 1948 by Kim Il Sung until his death in 1994. After the death of Kim Il Sung, his son Kim Jong Il was named General Secretary of the Korean Workers' Party in October 1997. In 1998, the legislature reconfirmed him as Chairman of the National Defence Commission and declared that position as the "highest office of state." International relations generally improved, and there was a historic North-South summit in June 2000. However, tensions recently increased since the United States failed to comply with the 1994 Agreed Framework and North Korea resumed its nuclear weapons programme.

Politics

Main article: Politics of North Korea

North Korea's government is dominated by the communist Korean Workers' Party (KWP), to which all government officials belong, though minor political parties exist. The exact spower tructure is somewhat unclear. North Korea is officially lead by a Prime Minister, but real power lies with Chairman of the National Defence Commission Kim Jong Il (son of Kim Il Jung) and the military.

North Korea's 1972 constitution was amended in late 1992 and again in 1998. The government is led by the prime minister and, in theory, a super cabinet called the Central People's Committee (CPC), the government's top policymaking body. CPC is headed by the president, who also nominates the other committee members. The CPC makes policy decisions and supervises the cabinet, or State Administration Council (SAC). SAC is headed by a premier and is the dominant administrative and executive agency.

Officially, the parliament, the Supreme People's Assembly (최고인민회의 ; Ch'oego Inmin Hoeui), is the highest organ of state power. Its 687 members are elected every four years by popular vote. Usually it holds only two annual meetings, each lasting a few days, but it mostly ratifies decisions made by the ruling KWP. A standing committee elected by the Assembly performs legislative functions when the Assembly is not in session.

Provinces and Cities

Main article: Administrative divisions of Korea. For historical information, see Provinces of Korea and Special cities of Korea.

As of 2003, North Korea consists of 9 Provinces (Do, singular and plural; 도 道) 3 Directly Governed [Self-Governing] Cities (Chik'alshi, singular and plural; 직할시; 直轄市), and several other regions, as listed below. (Names are romanized according to the McCune-Reischauer system as officially used in North Korea; the editor was also guided by the spellings used on the 2003 National Geographic map of Korea).

Ch'ŏngjin City (청진시; 淸津市) used to be a self-governing city, but is now part of North Hamgyŏng Province. The source for this section is located at Chosun Ilbo's http://nk.chosun.com/map/map.html?ACT=geo_01 page (but is only in Korean).

Geography

Main article: Geography of North Korea

Korea forms a peninsula that extends 1,100 km from the Asian mainland. To the west it borders the Yellow Sea and the Korea Bay; to the east it borders the East Sea of Korea/East Sea/Sea of Japan (the name of the sea is disputed). The peninsula ends at the Korea Strait and the East China Sea to the south. The peninsula's northern part (including North Korea) has mostly hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow valleys in the north and east, and has coastal plains prominently in the west. The highest point in Korea is the Paektu-san at 2,744 m. Major rivers include the Tumen and the Yalu that form the northern border with Chinese Manchuria.

The local climate is relatively temperate, with precipitation heavier in summer during a short rainy season called jangma, and winters that can be bitterly cold on occasion. North Korea's capital and largest city is P'yongyang; other major cities include Kaesong in the south, Sinuiju in the northwest, Wonsan and Hamhung in the east and Chongjin in the north.

Economy

Main article: Economy of North Korea

Following the official ideology of juche (self-reliance), North Korea has developed independently of global capitalist economies. The resulting economic development and the government's reluctance to publicise economic data limit the amount of reliable information available. Publicly-owned industry produces nearly all manufactured goods, and the regime continues to focus on heavy and military industries at the expense of light and consumer industries.

Due to a five-decade United States embargo and the collapse of the Soviet Bloc, the economy has stagnated. Economic decline is partly due to acute energy shortages, worsened by the United States's refusal to implement the 1994 Agreed Framework which required petroleum shipments and construction of lightwater nuclear reactors under KEDO. United States containment policies have made it difficult for the government to maintain aging industrial facilities and obtain new investment. The agricultural outlook, is slightly improved over previous years, but remains weak. The combined effects of serious fertilizer shortages, successive natural disasters, and structural constraints - such as little arable land and a short growing season - have reduced staple grain output to more than 1 million tons less than what the country needs to meet even minimum international requirements.

The steady flow of international food aid has been critical in meeting the population's basic food needs. The impact of other forms of humanitarian assistance such as medical supplies and agricultural assistance has largely been limited to certain areas. Even with aid, malnutrition rates are among the world's highest and estimates of mortality range in the hundreds of thousands or even millions as a direct result of malnutrition and famine-related diseases.

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of North Korea

North Korea's population is one of the most ethnically and linguistically homogenous in the world, with only very small Chinese and Japanese communities. Korean language is not a member of a wider linguistic family, though links to Japanese and Altaic languages are being considered. The Korean writing system, Hangeul, was invented in the 15th century by King Sejong the Great to replace the system of Chinese characters, known in Korea as Hanja, which are no longer officially in use in the North. North Korea continues to use the McCune-Reischauer romanisation of Korean, in contrast to the South's revised version.

Korea has a Buddhist and Confucianist heritage, with Christian and traditional Chondogyo ("Heavenly Way") communities. Pyongyang, the capital of North Korea, was the center of Christian activity before the Korean War. Due to one one of the highest literacy rates in the world, autonomous religious activities are now almost nonexistent in the North.

Culture & Tourism

Main article: Culture of North Korea

An official escort/guide is compulsory when visiting the country. The government welcomes visitors and provides official tours of the country throughout the year. Citizens of the US and South Korea are allowed to visit with a valid visa. United States citizens must enter through a third country since the U.S. government refuses to sign a peace treaty and normalize relations with the D.P.R.K. In recent years, numerous independent tours have been established to such scenic locations as Mt. Kumgang and Pyongyang.

Holidays
DateEnglish NameLocal NameRemarks
January 1New Year's Day
February 16Kim Jong Il's Birthday
April 15Kim Il-Sung's Birthday
May 1Day of Work
August 15Independence Day
September 9Founding of the DPRK
October 10Founding of the KWP
December 27Proclamation of the socialistic constitution

Miscellaneous topics

External Links

Further reading

Countries of the world  |  Asia

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "North Korea."

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Poker jargon starting with N

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Poker jargon:

A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

No jargon listed at this time

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Poker jargon starting with N."

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Abbreviations & Acronyms: N

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
EntrySourceExpressionField

N

DanishN-DimethyltoluidinChemistry, Chemical Industry

N

DutchNegativeComputing, Electrical Engineering

N

EnglishN-DimethyltoluidineChemistry, Chemical Industry

N

FinnishNewtonPublic Administration

N

FrenchN-DiméthyltoluidineChemistry, Chemical Industry

N

GermanN-Dimethyl-toluidinChemistry, Chemical Industry

N

Greekεπικίνδυνο για το περιβάλλονEuropean Union, Chemistry

N

ItalianN-DimetiltoluidinaChemistry, Chemical Industry

N

PortugueseBit de sinalComputing, Electrical Engineering

N

SpanishNo circularidad del revestimientoComputing, Post & Telecom
B I B N E T TEnglishNorwegian Library NetworkN/A

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Synonyms: N

Synonyms: atomic number 7 (n), due north (n), newton (n), nitrogen (n), normality (n), north (n). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: N

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Cause

Verb: be the cause; n of; originate; give origin to, give rise, to, give occasion to; cause, occasion, sow the seeds of, kindle, suscitate; bring on, bring to bring pass, bring about; produce; create; set up, set afloat, set on foot; found, broach, lay the foundation of; lie at the root of.

Direction

Point of the compass, cardinal points; North East, South, West; N by E, ENE, NE by N, NE; rhumb, azimuth, line of collimation.

Generality

Everyone, everybody; all hands, all the world and his wife; anybody, N or M, all sorts.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: N

Specialty definitions using "N": ALGOL N ♦ fatigue strength at N cycles ♦ Go Back N ♦ n queens, N rod bit ♦ Optical Carrier n. (references)
Etymologies containing "N": Batten. (references)
Non-English Usage: "N" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

Afrikaan (a), German (n, untrans), Haitian Creole (we), Hungarian (in public), Italian (untrans), Portuguese (dangerous for the environment, R 52, R 53, R 59), Scottish (the), Spanish (taffeta, untrans), Turkmen (sign), Vietnamese (en).

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Modern Usage: N

DomainUsage

Screenplays

No N as in nincompoop, numbskull, nitwit (Superman; writing credit: Jerry Siegel; Joe Shuster)

N -- yes. But please, don't you say that word (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge)

Joey Fitone of N Sync (Cursed; writing credit: Phil Baker; Nat Bernstein)

Who? Guns N Roses (The First Wives Club; writing credit: Robert Harling)

Lyrics

Lets take it nice n slow (Before I Let You Go; performing artist: Blackstreet)

Your rhyme sounds like you bought em at Stop N Go (Keep Their Headz Ringin; performing artist: Dr. Dre)

It's not a front, F to the R to the O to the N to the T (O.P.P.; performing artist: Naughty By Nature)

It's me n Money Mark in the big freak show (Take it to Da House; performing artist: Trick Daddy)

Movie/TV Titles

Kriminalmuseum - Zahlencode N (1963)

Beton N - 103 (1955)

N Stands for Nelly (1911)

Game K N B (2001)

Girlz n the Hood 8 (2000)

Song Titles

N 2 gether now (performing artist: Limp Bizkit)

Dirty Filthy Rock N Roll (performing artist: Painters & Dockers)

Dead Rock n Roll Stars (performing artist: Wally Pleasant)

Rock N Roll Nigger (performing artist: Patti Smith)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: N

DomainTitle

References

  • B & N Nordsjofrakt AB (publ): International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  • Steak N Shake Co.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  • K & N Kenanga Holdings Berhad: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  • N & T Argonaut AB: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

    (more reference examples)

  

Books

  • Art and Life in Renaissance Venice (Perspectives (Harry N Abrams, Inc)) (reference)

  • Sonic Cool: The Life and Death of Rock N Roll (reference)

  • N Sync (Celebrity Bios) (reference)

  • N Scale Model Railroad That Grows: Step-By-Step Instructions for Building Your First N Scale Layout (reference)

  • Emergency management of the critical patient : selected papers and discussion from the Second Annual Postgraduate Seminar on Emergency Medicine sponsored by the Florida Chapter of the American College of Emergency Physicians and the Emergency Department N (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

  

Theater & Movies

  • N Sync - Unauthorized Biography (reference)

  • The John Singleton Collection (Boyz N the Hood, Poetic Justice, Higher Learning) (reference)

  • N Sync - Live at Madison Square Garden (reference)

  • N Sync - The Reel N Sync (reference)

  • Rappin' N Rhyming (reference)

    (more DVD examples; more video examples)

  

Music

  

High Tech

  

Consumer Goods

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: N

Photos:
N

More pictures...

Illustrations:
N

More pictures...

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Photo Album: N

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Transmission electron micrograph of Candida species. CW - cell wall, PM - plasma membrane, M - mitochondria, V - vacuole, N - nucleus. Credit: CDC.

Illustration of structure of hyphal tip. er - endoplasmic reticulum, s - septum, m - mitochondrion, n - nucleus, vgs - Golgi, r - ribosome, p - plasma membrane, v - vesicles. Credit: CDC.

This image was taken by Clementine as it came over the north lunar pole at thecompletion of mapping orbit 102 on March 13, 1994. The angular separation between lunar horizon and Earth has been reduced for illustration purposes.The large crater at the bottom of the image is Plaskett (180 W longitude, 82 N latitude).(A version of this image with just the Earth in the image is available on theNSSDC Photo Gallery: Earth page.). Credit: NASA.

The DISCOVERY offshore from Icy Bay and Mount St. Elias. Mount St. Elias bearing N. 50 W and Icy Bay N 20 W five miles distant. In: "A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean and Round the World" by Captain George Vancouver. Volume III, Plate III, page 204. Library Call Number G420 .V22 1798. Credit: Treasures of the Library.

Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. Key Island After -- Australia n pines were removed from the coastal strand adjacent to the beach. Approximate ly 8,000 native plants, comprising 15 different species, were reintroduced to the island's scrub and hammock habitats, and many other native plants have recolonized naturally. Credit: National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERR).

Figure 26. A Kidder, Flint and Tanner bottle after the design of the Sigsbee bottle but with several modifications. This bottle was designed by Jerome Kidder of the U. S. Fish Commission, Surgeon James M. Flint of the U. S. Navy, and Commander Zera Luther Tanner, commanding officer of the U. S. Fish Commissio n Steamer ALBATROSS and used in 1885. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now.

Figure 42. Negretti and Zambra portable ballast mounting mechanism upon returning to the surface. This was designed to eliminate some problems associated with the mounting mechanism used on the CHALLENGER. This modificatio n was made in 1878 and is described in the scientific literature of the day.. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now.

Martha Arteaga, NRCS, Texas, interviews landowner n a wetland near Kingsville, TX. [Slide 97CS2996]. Credit: Ken Hammond.

Underway in Hampton Roads, Virginia, 18 August 1942. Note partially lowered after elevator and flight deck identification letters "R N G R" still visible just ahead of the ramp. Credit: NAVY.

K N quick step dedicated to the Know Nothings. Credit: Library of Congress.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Digital Photo Gallery: N
 

"C O N V E R G E" by Kevin C
Commentary: "I had my friend brian bang some sticks with embers together at night, some of what you see is the resulting sparks, some is the swinging embers. ah yet another memory from senior survival! visit my manip site: blindgorgon.deviantart ..."		"Ericcson Stadium, Charlotte, N" by Stevan Sheets
Commentary: "Carolina Panthers Stadium - Charlotte, NC."

Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

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Use in Literature: N

TitleAuthorQuote

Trainspotting

Irvine Welsh

Even junglecats sit doon n huv a wee purr tae themselves now and again, like say, usually after they've likes devoured somebody

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: N

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

SIX WAYS TO S AY N O TO A DRINK At some point, your child will be offe red alcohol. (references)

The viral N and L mRNAs are thought to undergo translation at free ribosomes, whereas the M mRNA is translated in the endoplasmic reticulum. (references)

Within virions, the genomic RNAs of hantaviruses are thought to complex with the N protein to form helical nucleocapsids, which circularize due to sequence complementarity between the 5' and 3' terminal sequences of each genomic segment. (references)

Business

This trend has had a tremendous impact on n the construction sector. (references)

Negatively impacted by the Asian financial crisis which broke out in mid 1997, China’s economy was not able to maintain the high growth rates it had experienced throughout n most of the past 20 years. (references)

Civil Liberties

Peru

Cable Magico's--and therefore Telefonica's--original stated intention was to carry two cable news channels with opposing viewpoints (Canal N and CCN) to ensure varied points of view. (references)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

One exception is Studio 88, in Mostar, which broadcasts reports from both sides of that ethnically-divided city and Radio N in Livno, which broadcasts balanced reports despite strong pressure from nationalists. (references)

Economic History

Micronesia

FSM maintains an embassy at 1725 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 (tel: 202-223-4383). It also maintains consulates in Honolulu and Guam. (references)

Lexicography

Devil's Dictionary

OVATION, n. n ancient Rome, a definite, formal pageant in honor of one who had been disserviceable to the enemies of the nation. A lesser "triumph." In modern English the word is improperly used to signify any loose and spontaneous expression of popular homage to the hero of the hour and place. "I had an ovation!" the actor man said, But I thought it uncommonly queer, That people and critics by him had been led By the ear. The Latin lexicon makes his absurd Assertion as plain as a peg; In "ovum" we find the true root of the word. It means egg. Dudley Spink

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: N

"N" is generally used as a negative partical "not" or "n't" -- approximately 43.56% of the time. "N" is used about 9,422 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words		Rank in English
Negative Partical "Not" or "n't"43.56%4,1052,395
Alphabetical Symbol38.9%3,6652,644
Noun (proper)10.87%1,0247,248
Unclassified Items4.53%42713,408
Noun (common)2.14%20221,454
                    Total100.00%9,422N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Usage in Company Names: N

CountryNameCountryName
Malaysia

K & N Kenanga Holdings Berhad

South Korea

N I Tech Company Ltd

Sweden

B & N Nordsjofrakt AB (publ)

USA

Steak N Shake Co.

 (more examples...)  

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

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Expressions: N

Expressions using "N": algol N ♦ economy bain n ♦ fatigue strength at N cycles ♦ go Back N ♦ Humulin N ♦ Jacksonville N A ♦ N 10 ♦ n A native or inhabitant of Tasmania specifically Ethnol ♦ N Armoracia ♦ N arquatus ♦ N barbatulus ♦ N biflorus ♦ N borealis ♦ N caerulea ♦ N Cataria ♦ N cristata ♦ N Damascena ♦ N edule ♦ N Floridana ♦ N Hudsonicus ♦ N Jonquilla ♦ N longirostris ♦ N meleagris ♦ N narica ♦ N nivea ♦ N notabilis ♦ n number of ♦ N nycticorax ♦ N or M ♦ N polyanthus ♦ N region ♦ N sativa ♦ N socialis ♦ N speciosa ♦ N Tazetta ♦ n times ♦ n wave ♦ Novolin N ♦ optical Carrier n ♦ rock n roll ♦ Selfridge A N G ♦ Whidbey Island N. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "N": N-15, N-acetilpenicilamina, n-acetyl, N-acetyl cysteine, n-acetylaminosalicylic, n-acetylated, n-acetylcysteine, n-acetyldopamine, N-Acetylgalactosamine, n-acetylgalactosamine, N-Acetylgalactosamine-4-Sulfatase, N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases, n-acetylgalactoseaminyltransferase, N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases, N-Acetylhexosaminyltransferases, N-Acetyllactosamine, N-Acetyllactosamine Synthase, N-Acetylmuramic, N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase, n-acetylneuraminic, N-Acetylneuraminic Acid, N-acetyl-para-aminophenol, n-acetylprocainamide, n-acetyltransferase, N-acetyl-transferase, N-Acylneuraminate Cytidylyltransferase, n-alkanes, n-amyl alcohol, N-and, n-ary, n-atom, n-band, n-bit, n-body, n-butane, n-butanol, n-butilbromuro, N-Butyl, n-butyl, n-cadherin, N-cam, n-caps, n-channel, n-dad, n-decanoic, N-demethylation, n-dimensional, n-dust, n-e, n-east, N-Endopeptidase, n-enriched, N-e-r-v-o-u-s, n-ethylmaleimide, n-ethylmalimide, n-fold, N-force, n-formylated, N-Formylmethionine, N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine, n-glycan, n-glycosylation, n-gon, n-gram, n-grams, n-heptanoic acid, n-hexane, n-hexanoic, n-ice, N-i-x-o-n, N-joi, n-levels, n-linked, n-love, n-methyl, N-Methylaspartate, N-methyl-d, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, N-methyl-D-aspartate, N-methyl-d-aspartic, N-Methylscopolamine, N-Methyltransferase, n-methy-n-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine, n-methy-n-nitroso-p-toluenesulphonamide, N-monomethyl-d-arginine, N-monomethyl-l-arginine, n-MOST, N-myc, n-name, N-nations, n-navigation, n-need, n-never, n-next, n-nice, N-nitro-l-arginine, n-nitrosamides, n-nitrosamines, n-nitroso, N-Nitrosopyrrolidine, N-n-n-n-no, N-n-no, n-no, n-nobody, n-non-bonding, N-norway, n-not, n-nothing, n-notice, n-now, n-numbered, N-nylon, n-o, N-oct, N-o-o, n-order, N-oxide, N-Oxide, n-period, n-phase, n-plant, n-p-n, n-point, n-pole, n-port, n-power, N-Prolog, n-promise, N-ras, n-reg, n-region, n-registered, N-SDU, n-sections, n-shaped, n-sided, n-space, n-sure, n-symbol, n-ter, N-terminal, n-terminally, n-terminal-pair, N-terminal-specific, n-termins, n-terminus, n-tests, n-th, n-tier, N-to-one, n-tuple, n-tuples, n-type, n-type semiconductor, N-variabel, n-version, n-ways, n-west.

Ending with "N": b-u-t-t-o-n.

Containing "N": loperamide-n-oxide.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: N

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day		ExpressionFrequency
per Day

n

9,588

check n go

254

n sync

6,641

swing n slide

246

linen n things

5,684

rock n roll marathon

240

gun n rose

4,319

rock n roll hall of fame

234

bone thug n harmony

2,803

put n bay

226

k n

1,275

shop n save

225

wet n wild

939

slip n slide

224

rock n roll

696

barnes n noble

218

case n

582

com n

204

b n

516

big n plump

188

bone thug n harmony lyrics

508

linen n things.com

175

n myrtle beach sc

409

crate n barrel

167

n sync fan fiction

400

n pick save

163

n sync lyrics

378

n stick stuff

163

gun n rose lyrics

339

park n fly

161

salt n pepa

306

chip n dale

161

in n out burger

292

wet n wild las vegas

157

steak n shake

286

gun n rose tab

156

ed edd eddy n

285

linen n things coupon

155

picture of n sync

273

k and n air filter

151
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translation: N

Language Translations for "N"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Chinese 

  

安全理事會 (security Council, the U). (various references)

   

Danish

  

udmattelsesstyrke for et bestemt antal belastninger (endurance limit, fatigue strength at N cycles, fatigue strength for finite life), sparebassin (basin for saving locking water, economizing chamber, economy bain n, thrift basin chamber, water saving chamber), i den foreliggende standard defineres 6 Rockwell-haardhedsskalaer:3 Rockwell N-skalaer og 3 Rockwell T-skalaer;i produktstandarden angives,hvilken haardhedsskala der skal anvendes (this standard defines 6 hardness scales:three Rockwell N scales, three Rockwell T scales;the product standard stipulates the hardness scales to be used), HIV-1 subtype N (HIV-1 group N virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group N), fejldetekterende system der returnerer n blokke (go-back n RQ system), det til haardhedsskalaen HRN anvendte indtrykslegeme er identisk med det til HRC anvendte (the indentor used for the N scales is identical to that used in the Rockwell C diamond), bekendtgoerelse nr.124 af 21.april 1964 af lov om arbejdsretten (the Danish Industrial Court Act of 21 April 1964(Bulletin n 124)). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

n-bloks foutencorrigerend systeem (go-back n RQ system), spaarkom (basin for saving locking water, economizing chamber, economy bain n, thrift basin chamber, water saving chamber), spaarbekken (basin for saving locking water, economizing chamber, economy bain n, reservoir, thrift basin chamber, water saving chamber), landen die geheel of gedeeltelijk boven 40 graden N liggen (countries situated totally or partially north of 40 degrees N), humane immunodeficiëntie-virus type 1 groep N (HIV-1 group N virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group N), het voor de N-schalen gebruikte indruklichaam is gelijk aan het indruklichaam dat voor de Rockwell C-proef wordt gebruikt (the indentor used for the N scales is identical to that used in the Rockwell C diamond), deze norm definiëert zes schalen voor de hardheid:3 Rockwell N-schalen en 3 Rockwell T-schalen;de produktnorm geeft aan welke schaal moet worden toegepast (this standard defines 6 hardness scales:three Rockwell N scales, three Rockwell T scales;the product standard stipulates the hardness scales to be used). (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

چهاردهمین حرف الفبای انگلیسی , چهاردهم . (various references)

   

Finnish

  

n-kanavainen sulkumosfetti (depletion n-MOST, n-channel depletion MOS field-effect transistor, n-channel depletion MOST), n lohkoa peruuttava virheenkorjausjärjestelmä (go-back n RQ system), N10 (active, N 10, U10), N-alkyylibetaiini (N-alkyl betaine), N-alue (N region), N-antigeeni (N antigen), n-butyyliasetaatti (n-butyl acetate), n-kanavainen MOS-transistori (N-channel MOS, NMOS), n-napaparinen verkko (n-terminal-pair network), n-pentyyliasetaatti (n-pentyl acetate), n-porttinen verkko (n-terminal-pair network), N-terminaalinen aminohappo (amino-terminal amino acid, N-terminal amino acid), n-tyyppinen (n-type), npn-transistori (n-p-n), n-kanavainen avausmosfetti (enhancement n-MOST, n-channel enhancement MOS field-effect transistor, n-channel enhancement MOST), rouva N (Mrs. N), ihmisen immuunikatovirus 1,ryhmä N (HIV-1 group N virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group N), kapriinihappo (capric acid, decanoic acid, n-decanoic acid), monen hiukkasen ongelma (many body problem, N body problem), monesta yhteen-suhde (many-one relationship, many-to-one, N:1, N-to-one), monihiukkasongelma (many body problem, N body problem), U10 (active, N 10, U10), säästöallas (basin for saving locking water, economizing chamber, economy bain n, thrift basin chamber, water saving chamber), pnip-rakenne (n-i-p-n structure, n-p-i-n structure, p-i-n-p structure, p-n-i-p structure), aktiivinen (active), väsymislujuus (a large number of load cycles for determining the fatigue strength, endurance limit, fatigue strength at N cycles, fatigue strength for finite life), suurempi miesluku (superior n). (various references)

   

French

  

N,N-diméthylhydrazine (N-dimethylhydrazine), N,N-diéthyl-d-lysergamide (N-diethyl-d-lysergimide), lysergide (N-diethyl-d-lysergimide), LSD 25 (N-diethyl-d-lysergimide), diéthylamide de l'acide lysergique (N-diethyl-d-lysergimide). (various references)

   

German

  

nt., nord (North, north wind), neutra, n. (a number), N,N-Dimethylhydrazin (N-dimethylhydrazine), n (untrans), substantiv (noun, substantive, substantively), subst., Lysergsäurediaethylamid (delysid, LSD-25, lysergyc acid diethylamide, N-diethyl-d-lysergimide), Lysergidum (delysid, LSD-25, lysergyc acid diethylamide, N-diethyl-d-lysergimide), Lysergamid (delysid, LSD-25, lysergyc acid diethylamide, N-diethyl-d-lysergimide), LSD 25 (delysid, LSD-25, lysergyc acid diethylamide, N-diethyl-d-lysergimide), Delysid (delysid, LSD-25, lysergyc acid diethylamide, N-diethyl-d-lysergimide). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

LSD-25 (delysid, LSD-25, lysergyc acid diethylamide, N-diethyl-d-lysergimide), Ν,Ν-διμεθυλυδραζίνη (N-dimethylhydrazine). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

észak (North). (various references)

   

Italian

  

N,N-dimetilidrazina (N-dimethylhydrazine), N,N-Dietilamide dell'acido D-Lisergico (delysid, LSD-25, lysergyc acid diethylamide, N-diethyl-d-lysergimide), acido (acetous, acid, acidic, acids, acrid, crabbed, sour, tart). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

引数 (argument, G n), 引き数 (argument, G n), これと同じ (complaining about various things, confusion, easily, effortlessly, game of make-believe, huddle, in this way, jarring sound, jumble, like this, mess, misspelling of "ko n ba n ha", misspelling of "kon ni chi ha", mix, rummaging sound, small and round thing rolling, so, something done together, something that changes frequently, such, suddenly, the same as this, trouble, utterly). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

ひきすう (argument, G n), いんすう (argument, factor, G n), こんばんわ (misspelling of "ko n ba n ha"). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

nay.(various references)

   

Portuguese

  

N,N-dimetilhidrazina (N-dimethylhydrazine), LSD-25 (delysid, LSD-25, lysergyc acid diethylamide, N-diethyl-d-lysergimide), dietilamida do ácido lisérgico (delysid, LSD-25, lysergic acid diethylamide, lysergide, lysergyc acid diethylamide, N-diethyl-d-lysergimide). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

number ordinal порядковое числительное (n-ord.), number cardinal количественное числительное (n-card.). (various references)

   

Scottish

  

seann (d, l, r, s). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

norte (North, northerly), N,N-dimetilhidrazina (N-dimethylhydrazine), LSD 25 (delysid, LSD-25, lysergyc acid diethylamide, N-diethyl-d-lysergimide), lisérgida (delysid, LSD-25, lysergyc acid diethylamide, N-diethyl-d-lysergimide), dietilamida del ácido lisérgico (delysid, LSD-25, lysergyc acid diethylamide, N-diethyl-d-lysergimide). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

N-parigt nät,2n-pol (n-terminal-pair network), N-alkylbetain (N-alkyl betaine), N-antigen (N antigen), n-butylacetat (n-butyl acetate), n-kanals MOS (N-channel MOS, NMOS), N-kanals MOS-transistor av anrikningstyp (enhancement n-MOST, n-channel enhancement MOS field-effect transistor, n-channel enhancement MOST), n-område (N region), n-pentylacetat (n-pentyl acetate), NPN-transistor (n-p-n), n-pol (n-terminal circuit), n-port (n-port network, n-terminal-pair network), N-terminal aminosyra (amino-terminal amino acid, N-terminal amino acid), n-typ (n-type), n-typ-halvledare (n-type), N-kanals MOS-transistor av utarmningstyp (depletion n-MOST, n-channel depletion MOS field-effect transistor, n-channel depletion MOST), utmattningsbrottgräns (endurance limit, fatigue strength at N cycles, fatigue strength for finite life), aktiv (active, in action, live), PNIP-struktur (n-i-p-n structure, n-p-i-n structure, p-i-n-p structure, p-n-i-p structure), reservvattenbassäng (basin for saving locking water, economizing chamber, economy bain n, thrift basin chamber, water saving chamber), mångport (n-port network, n-terminal-pair network), många-till-ett-förhållande (many-one relationship, many-to-one, N:1, N-to-one), flerkropparsproblem (many body problem, N body problem), aminoterminal aminosyra (amino-terminal amino acid, N-terminal amino acid). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: N

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Latin500 BCE-Modern

consonum, haereticum, inasnum, martyrium, nuntium-i, ridiculum. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Anagrams: N

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

 Words containing the letters "n"
 

+1 letter: an, en, in, na, ne, no, nu, on, un.

 

+2 letters: ain, ana, and, ane, ani, ant, any, awn, ban, ben, bin, bun, can, con, den, din, don, dun, end, eng, ens, eon, ern, fan, fen, fin, fon, fun, gan, gen, gin, gnu, gun, hen, hin, hon, hun, ink, inn, ins, ion, jin, jun, ken, kin, lin, man, men, mon, mun, nab, nae, nag, nah, nam, nan, nap, naw, nay, neb, nee, net, new, nib, nil, nim, nip, nit, nix, nob, nod, nog, noh, nom, noo, nor, nos, not, now, nth, nub, nun, nus, nut, one, ons, own, pan, pen, pin, pun, ran, rin, run, sen, sin, son, sun, syn, tan, ten, tin, ton, tun, uns, urn, van, wan, wen, win, won, wyn, yen, yin, yon, zin.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern 		5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Slideshow
7. Images: Photo Album
8. Images: Digital Art 		9. Quotations: Fiction
10. Quotations: Non-fiction
11. Usage Frequency
12. Names: Company Usage 		13. Expressions
14. Expressions: Internet
15. Translations: Modern
16. Translations: Ancient 		17. Abbreviations
18. Acronyms
19. Anagrams
20. Bibliography


  

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