Paradigm

  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Paradigm

Definitions: Paradigm

Paradigm

Noun

1. Systematic arrangement of all the inflected forms of a word.

2. A standard or typical example; "he is the prototype of good breeding"; "he provided America with an image of the good father".

3. The class of all items that can be substituted into the same position (or slot) in a grammatical sentence (are in paradigmatic relation with one another).

4. The generally accepted perspective of a particular discipline at a given time; "he framed the problem within the psychoanalytic paradigm".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "paradigm" was first used: 1483. (references)

Etymology: Paradigm \Par"a*digm\, noun. [French expression paradigme, from Latin expression paradigma, from the Greek expression, from to show by the side of, to set up as an example; beside to show. See Para-, and Diction.]. (Websters 1913)



Specialty Definitions: Paradigm

DomainDefinitions

Language

The complete set of all the various forms of a word made by attaching affixes. Source: European Union. (references)
 Set of items which might occupy the same particular place in a structure. Source: European Union. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Paradigm

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The word paradigm comes from the Greek word παράδειγμα (paradeigmia) which means "pattern" or "example", from the word παραδεικνύναι (paradeiknunai) meaning "demonstrate".

Linguistic Paradigms

In linguistics a paradigm is a schema or table of all available inflections for a certain word.

Epistemological Paradigms

From the late 1800s the word paradigm has been used as an epistemological term to denote a "thought pattern" in scientific disciplines.

The most popular use of the word in this context was by philosopher Thomas Kuhn who used it to describe a set of practices in science. It was and is widely abused. Kuhn himself came to prefer the terms exemplar and normal science, which have more exact philosophical meaning. However, in his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions Kuhn defines a scientific paradigm as:

The formally-defined term groupthink, and the term mindset, have very similar meanings that apply to smaller and larger scale examples of disciplined thought. Michel Foucault used the terms episteme and discourse, mathesis and taxinomia, for aspects of a "paradigm" in Kuhn's original sense. Read more about this in the paradigm shift, sociology of knowledge and philosophy of science articles, where these words are placed in context.

Other Uses

Probably the most common use of the word paradigm is in the sense of weltanschauung. For example, in social science, the term is used to describe the set of experiences, beliefs and values that affect the way an individual perceives reality and responds to that perception. Social scientists have adopted the Khunian phrase "paradigm shift" to denote a particular social phenomena rather than what was originally meant by Khun's study on the practices and development of science. Even occultists, notably chaos magicians, use the term - to describe a shift in personal belief systems concerning magic (magic theory).

Some language purists feel that among "business philosophers" and advocates of any type of change whatsoever, the term paradigm is so widely abused that it bears no meaning whatsoever. Some believe it should be abolished from the English language, and formal studies of this show it as one of the most disliked words in English.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Paradigm."

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Synonyms: Paradigm

Synonyms: epitome (n), image (n), prototype (n), substitution class (n). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Paradigm

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Prototype

Noun: prototype, original, model, pattern, precedent, standard, ideal, reference, scantling, type; archetype, antitype; protoplast, module, exemplar, example, ensample, paradigm; lay-figure.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Paradigm

English words defined with "paradigm": paradigmatic. (references)
Specialty definitions using "paradigm": associative learningcircuit switching, client/server paradigm, controlled releasedefinitional constraint programmingIntegrated formal approach to industrial software developmentObjectLOGOpacket switching, PARADIGM PLUS, pipelined divide and conquer, Prolog-D-LindaquicksortRemote Procedure Calltime dilationViron. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Paradigm" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses.

Swedish (paradigm).

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Modern Usage: Paradigm

DomainUsage

Screenplays

Consider the lilies o' the goddamn field or hell! Take Delmar here as your paradigm of hope. (O Brother, Where Art Thou?; writing credit: Ethan Coen)

Clever

Sleeping on the job: I wasn't sleeping! I was meditating on the mission statement and envisioning a new paradigm! (references; author: unknown)

Movie/TV Titles

Paradigm (1970)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Paradigm

DomainTitle

References

  • New Paradigm Software Corp.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  • Paradigm Capital Holdings Limited: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  • Paradigm Medical Industries, Inc.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

    (more reference examples)

  

Books

  • Comprehension : A Paradigm for Cognition (reference)

  • Eye to Eye: The Quest for the New Paradigm (reference)

  • Incredibly Delicious: The Vegan Paradigm Cookbook (reference)

  • Instructional-Design Theories and Models: A New Paradigm of Instructional Theory (reference)

  • International Law and the Use of Force : Beyond the U.N. Charter Paradigm (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

  

Theater & Movies

  • Art Meets Science and Spirituality, Vol. 5: The Shifting Paradigm (reference)

  • Shifting Paradigm (reference)

  • Martian Successor Nadesico - Paradigm Shifts (Vol. 4) (reference)

    (more DVD examples; more video examples)

  

Music

  

Consumer Goods

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Paradigm

Photos:
Paradigm

More images...

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Non-Fiction Usage: Paradigm

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

The study showed that the operation was unnecessary and possibly dangerous, causing a paradigm shift in the way neurosurgeons approached stroke prevention. (references)

At this time the panel senses a paradigm shift in the management of dental caries toward improved diagnosis of early noncavitated lesions and treatment for prevention and arrest of such lesions. (references)

Business

Irrigation systems are being viewed in Brazil as a paradigm of a modern, productive and progressive agriculture industry. (references)

New computer counter-chip technology will increase the speed of modems, and increase capabilities of switches, routers, compression equipment and other network technology will help to change the whole paradigm of the converging IT and telecommunications environment. (references)

Economic History

Australia

The dot com collapse of last year has meant that traditional bricks and mortar companies are not as obliged to race into the adoption of Internet commerce applications as they would have (if the dot com business paradigm had proven to be sustainable and successful). (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Spoken Usage: Paradigm

SpeakerPhrase(s)

Deepak Chopra

Well, I think we have a clash right now between two paradigms. The first paradigm says, you know, it's based on Christian theology which says, I'm a sinner, I must atone for my sins. I must pray for forgiveness. I must seek redemption.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Paradigm

"Paradigm" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Paradigm" is used about 534 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)100%53411,505

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Usage in Company Names: Paradigm

CountryNameCountryName
South Africa

Paradigm Capital Holdings Limited

USA

New Paradigm Software Corp.

 (more examples...)  

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

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Expressions: Paradigm

Expressions using "paradigm": client/server paradigm paradigm PLUS. Additional references.

Hyphenated Usage

Beginning with "paradigm": paradigm-shifting.

Ending with "paradigm": inter-paradigm, sub-paradigm.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Paradigm

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

paradigm

1,019

paradigm speaker

270

associate nj paradigm

170

associate paradigm

169

paradigm shift

69

emc paradigm

27

paradigm reference

22

definition paradigm

20

paradigm window

20

paradigm properties

19
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Paradigm

Language Translations for "paradigm"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

paradigmë, shembull (case, example, exemplar, exponent, instance, lead, mirror, model, number, piece, rule, sample), model (cast, classic, classical, copybook, example, exemplar, fashion, figure, make, model, Mold, mould, norm, paragon, pattern, pilot, sample, sampler, shape, style, type). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏مجموع الصيغ الصرفية, ‏مثال (copy, epitome, example, exemplar, ideal, image, model, pattern, picture, quintessence, specimen, symbol, type), ‏نموذج (byword, copy, example, exemplar, instance, layout, mock up, model, norm, pattern, piece, run, sample, specimen, standard, token, type), ‏صيغة حرفية. (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

образец (copy, epitome, example, exemplar, form, ideal, mirror, model, mould, norm, paragon, pattern, piece, sample, sampling, scantling, shape, specimen, swatch, type), пример (calendar, case, example, exemplar, illustration, instance, lead, model, pattern, piece, sample, type), парадигма. (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

范例. (various references)

   

Czech

  

paradigma, vzor (design, exemplar, ideal, model, mould, paragon, pattern, representative, standard, type). (various references)

   

Danish

  

klient/server-model (client/server model, client/server paradigm, client-server model). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

klant-server-model (client/server model, client/server paradigm), client/server model (client/server model, client/server paradigm). (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

نمونه (Example, Instance, Model, Module, Parable, Piece, Progenitor, Sample, Specimen), ایه کتاب مقدس که مثالی رامتضمن است . (various references)

   

Finnish

  

palvelintekniikka (client/server model, client/server paradigm), asiakas-palvelintekniikka (client/server model, client/server paradigm), asiakas-palvelinmalli (client/server model, client/server paradigm, client-server model). (various references)

   

French

  

paradigme. (various references)

   

German

  

paradigma. (various references)

   

Greek 

  

παράδειγμα (example, instance, object lesson). (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

פר"י'מ". (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

paradigma, minta (design, fantasy, formula, model, motif, muster, norm, paragon, pattern, prill, probe, sample, shape, standard). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

model pola. (various references)

   

Italian

  

paradigma. (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

パノラマ写真 (palladium, panoramic photograph, Papa, papaya, paprika, papyrus, parachute, parachute skirt, paradigm shift, paradise, paraglider, paragraph, parapsychology, paraquat, parasail, parasite single, parasol, Parathion, paratyphus, parfait, pavilion, Pavlov, performance, perfume, perfumer, pub, public, public acceptance, public corporation, public course, public domain, public house, public opinion, public relations, public school, public servant, public space, publicity, puff, puff sleeve, puppy). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

パラダイ . (various references)

   

Korean 

  

패러다임. (various references)

   

Manx

  

sampleyr (case, example, instance, model, paragon, sample, sampler, specimen). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

aradigmpay.(various references)

   

Portuguese

  

paradigma (paradise), terreno de exercícios. (various references)

   

Romanian

  

paradigmã, tipar (model, Mold, mould, pattern, press, printing, shape, typography), model (archetype, cast, design, example, exemplar, exemplary, fair copy, form, lodestar, make, Mark, mock up, model, nonesuch, number, paradigmatic, pattern, shape, sitter, standard, stencil, type), exemplu (comparison, example, exemplar, instance, lead, model, pattern, piece, sample). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

парадигма. (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

primer (classic, example, exemplar, instance, instancy, sample), paradigma. (various references)

   

Spanish

  

paradigma (model). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

paradigm, böjningsmönster. (various references)

   

Turkish

  

kip (modal, mode, module, mood, tense), çekim örneği. (various references)

   

Ukranian 

  

приклад (club, example, illustration, instance, lead, rifle butt, sample, witness), парадигма. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Paradigm

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Late Latin300-700

paradigma. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Paradigm

Derivations

Words beginning with "paradigm": paradigmatic, paradigmatically, paradigms. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Paradigm" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Amadigi, paaridigm, pagadigm, Parabiago, paradeigm, paradem, paradg, paradgim, paradgism, paradgm, paradi, paradiagm, paradiam, paradiem, paradig, paradighm, paradigim, paradigma, paradigme, paradigmn, paradign, paradiigm, paradijm, paradim, paradime, paradism, paradium, paradiym, Paradjik, paradogm, paradom, paradygm, parafilm, paragigm, parapigm, pardigm, paridigm, paridign, partadigm, Phadraig, pradigm, prodigm. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Anagrams: Paradigm

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "a-a-d-g-i-m-p-r"

-1 letter: diagram.

-2 letters: aramid.

-3 letters: agria, amiga, damar, drama, grama, gramp, maria, padri, pardi, praam, prima, rapid.

-4 letters: agar, agma, amia, amid, amir, aria, arid, damp, drag, dram, drip, gadi, gama, gamp, gimp, gird, grad, gram, grid, grim, grip, maar, magi, maid, mair, padi, paid, pair, para, pard, pima, pram, prig, prim, raga, ragi, raia, raid, rami, ramp.

-5 letters: aga, aid, aim, air, ama, ami, amp, arm, dag, dam, dap, dig, dim, dip, gad, gam, gap, gar, gid, gip, imp, mad, mag, map, mar, mid, mig, mir, pad, pam, par, pia, pig, rad, rag, ram, rap, ria, rid, rig, rim, rip.

 Words containing the letters "a-a-d-g-i-m-p-r"
 

+1 letter: diaphragm, paradigms.

 

+2 letters: diaphragms.

 

+4 letters: imparadising, paradigmatic.

 

+5 letters: demographical, diaphragmatic, disparagement.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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Alternative Orthography: Paradigm


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

50 61 72 61 64 69 67 6D

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

.--.    .-    .-.    .-    -..    ..    --.    --

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01010000 01100001 01110010 01100001 01100100 01101001 01100111 01101101

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#80 &#97 &#114 &#97 &#100 &#105 &#103 &#109

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0050 0061 0072 0061 0064 0069 0067 006D

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

5067846770757379

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern
5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Slideshow
7. Quotations: Non-fiction
8. Quotations: Spoken
9. Usage Frequency
10. Names: Company Usage
11. Expressions
12. Expressions: Internet
13. Translations: Modern
14. Translations: Ancient
15. Derivations
16. Anagrams
17. Orthography
18. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.