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Definition: Incest |
IncestNoun1. Sexual intercourse between persons too closely related to marry (as between a parent and a child). Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "incest" was first used: 12th century. (references) |
Etymology: Incest \In"cest\, noun. [French expression inceste, from Latin expression incestum unchastity, incest, from incestus unchaste; prefix in- not castus chaste. See Chaste.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Dream Interpretation | To dream of incestuous practices, denotes you will fall from honorable places, and will also suffer loss in business. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Health | Sexual intercourse between persons so closely related that they are forbidden by law to marry. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The term is also sometimes used metaphorically, to describe relationships between an authority figure and a pupil, such as teacher-student or troop leader and scout, or between those who are closely related in some other nonsexual way, as in an "incestuous relationship" between stockbrokers and mutual fund managers.
Anthropologists have found that all societies place restrictions on who one may marry. Although marriage should not be confused with sex, many societies only permit sexual relations within the bounds of marriage--hence, their rules regarding marriage are the same as their rules regarding sex. And in other societies, where sexual relations are permitted outside marriage, persons prohibited to marry are most often (but not always) also prohibited to have sex. Sociology generalizes these marriage restrictions with the terms endogamy -- the group within which one must marry -- and exogamy -- the group one must not marry.
All societies have rules of exogamy, such as incest taboos, that specify ranges and categories of relatives who are forbidden as marriage (and sexual) partners. The most closely related biological kin -- parents, children, brothers and sisters -- are universally included. Most societies restrict other close relatives, but these extensions vary.
Most societies also specify rules that encourage and sometimes force marriage within groups, frequently ethnic and religious ones. Even in modern Western societies, individuals consistently express preferences for mates from similar social class and educational backgrounds, and attempts to violate this endogamic principle can cause dramatic resistance from the associates of the violators, despite the society's pervasive emphasis on love and individual choice.
The description and analysis of incest, and beliefs concerning incest, are complicated by the fact that the definitions of "close family member" and "sex" vary widely across cultures. For example, Trobriand Islanders prohibit both sexual relations between a man and his mother, and between a woman and her father, but they describe these prohibitions in very different ways: relations between a man and his mother fall within the category of forbidden relations among members of the same clan; relations between a woman and her father do not. This is because the Trobrianders are matrilineal; children belong to the clan of their mother and not of their father. Thus, sexual relations between a man and his mother's sister (and mother's sister's daughter) are also considered incestuous, but relations between a man and his father's sister are not. Indeed, a man and his father's sister will often have a flirtatious relationship, and a man and the daughter of his father's sister may prefer to have sexual relations or marry.
Some cultures cover relatives by marriage in incest prohibitions. For example, the question of the legality and morality of a widower who wished to marry his deceased wife's sister was the subject of long and fierce debate in 19th century Great Britain, involving, among others, Matthew Boulton.
In most of the Western world incest generally refers to forbidden sexual relations within the family. Incest is most frequently engaged in by parents of both sexes and their children. And while it is usually perceived as an act engaged in by a father and his daughter, this is yet another myth surrounding the practice. Historically, the most important forms of incest were maternal incest (see also Oedipus complex). And while surveys do not indicate a high rate of maternal incest, this can be seen as a reflection of the difficulty of collecting information about illegal sexual acts with children rather than its rare occurrence.
It is widely, but by no means universally, agreed that incest by parents is abuse and should be illegal. Some societies, notably India in the 1920s, consider incest an inescapable fact of life. In many societies some forms of sexual contact between close family members is socially (and sometimes even publicly) encouraged. For example, in Bali it was encouraged for mothers to sexually stimulate infants. This practice, among many others, is also common among certain tribes in Papua New Guinea, Polynesian and Melanesian islands. It is also common among the Japanese who claim to have no Oedipal complex "because the father is no competition" to the son.
Examples of incest in mythology are rampant. Zeus and Hera are brother and sister as well as husband and wife. They were the children of Cronus and Rhea who were also brother and sister as well as husband and wife.
Finally, there is also the much rarer phenomenon of consensual incestuous relations between adults, such as between an adult brother and sister. This is illegal in most places, but these laws are sometimes questioned on the grounds that such relations do not harm other people (provided the couple have no children) and so should not be criminalized. Artificial insemination and distant adoption have compounded these problems. There are known cases of people having romances, or even marrying, only to later find out they are closely related.
Proposals have been made from time to time to repeal these laws--for example, the proposal by the Australian Model Criminal Code Officer's Committee discussion paper "Sexual Offences against the Person" released in November 1996. (This particular proposal was later withdrawn by the committee, in spite of their own feelings on the issue, due to a large public outcry. Defenders of the proposal argue that the outcry was mostly based on the misunderstanding that the committee was intending to legalize sexual relations between parents and their minor children, which it did not.)
Adult incest has been notable in royal dynasties, probably in order to help concentrate wealth and political influence within the family (historical evidence suggests that this practice actually weakened the genetic makeup of elite society family lines, resulting in abnormally high occurrences of rare genetic defects and diseases). Although the marriage unions were often not consensual, with young adults or children forced to marry close relatives, this does not imply the sex was non-consensual. Best known for this practice, which included brother-sister marriages, are the dynasties of Ancient Egypt.
The Tanach (Old Testament) contains prohibitions (primarily in Leviticus) against sexual relations between various pairs of family members. Father and daughter, mother and son, etc., are forbidden on pain of death to engage in sexual relations. An interesting aspect of the Tanach's prohibition of incest is that, according to the interpretation given it by some anthropologists, it prohibits sexual relations between aunts and nephews but not between uncles and nieces.
The Bible also contains a number of references to incest. This subject is examined in the Wikipedia article Biblical references to incest.
See also: Westermarck effect, sexual morality, incest taboo, motherfucker.
External links
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Incest."
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Impurity | Seduction; defloration, defilement, abuse, violation, rape; incest. |
Sexuality | Perversion, deviation, sexual abnormality; fetish, fetishism; homosexuality, lesbianism, bisexuality; sodomy, buggery; pederasty; sadism. masochism, sado-masochism; incest. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Incest |
| English words defined with "incest": Incesttuous, incestuous, incestuously ♦ morning-after pill ♦ Spiritual incest. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "incest": domestic violence ♦ family violence. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Incest" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Albanian (incest), Czech (incest), Dutch (incest), Romanian (incest), Serbo-Croatian (incest), Swedish (incest). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | You know, that whole incest thing? (Buffy the Vampire Slayer; writing credit: Doreen Spicer) All right, but no incest, though. (Matriarca, La; writing credit: Nicol Ferrari; Ottavio Jemma) Or discussing incest. (She Spies; writing credit: Ron Osborn; Josh Appelbaum) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Finding Out: Incest and Family Sexual Abuse (1984) Incest on Father's Night (1975) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Children | Gambia | Incest also is illegal. (references) |
Malaysia | Incest in particular is a problem in rural areas. (references) | |
Malaysia | The Government recognizes that sexual exploitation of children and incest are problems. (references) | |
Women | Nepal | Rape and incest also are problems, particularly in rural areas. (references) |
Guyana | Health professionals and NGO's also reported a high incidence of incest. (references) | |
Zimbabwe | There continued to be reports of rape, incest, and sexual abuse of women. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Indonesia | While there are laws designed to protect children from sexual abuse, prostitution, and incest, the Government has made no special enforcement efforts in these areas. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Incest" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Incest" is used about 305 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 305 | 16,573 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expression using "incest": spiritual incest. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "incest": incest-avoidance, incest-complex, incest-prohibitions. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "incest"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | incest, gjaktrazim. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | نكاح المحارم, غشيان المحارم, سفاح القربى. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | кръвосмешение. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 乱伦 (incestuous). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | incest, krvesmilství. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | blodskam. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | incest (brother-sister incest), bloedschande. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Esperanto | incesto. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Faeroese | blóðskemd. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | زنای بامحارم ونزدیکان . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | sukurutsaus. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | inceste. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Blutschande, Inzest. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | αιμομιξία. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | ערו" (lewdness, nakedness, pudenda, unchastity), זמ" (carnality, lecherousness, lechery, lewdness, prostitution, salacity, whoredom), ז ות (fornication, harlotry, prostitution, whoredom), 'לוי עריות (illicit sexual intercourse). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | vérfertõzés. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | incesto. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 近親相姦 , 畜"" (devildom), 倫 (immorality), インスタント食" (incense, incentive, incentive sale, insecurity, inside slider, insole, inspection, inspector, inspiration, install, installation, installer, installment, instant, instant foods, instep kick, instinct, institution, instruction, instructions, instructor, instrument panel, inter high school, inter seminar, intercept, interceptor, interchange, intercollegiate, intercourse, intercut, international, International Baccalaureat, internationalism, internetwork, internetworking, interoperability, interstate highway, interval, interval training, the Internet). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | き"し"そうか", インセスト , はり" (immorality), ちくしょうどう (devildom). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 근친상간. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | croiaght. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | incestay incesto (incestuous). (various references) incest. (various references) кровосмешение. (various references) incest. (various references) incesto. (various references) incest, blodskam. (various references) yakın akraba ile cinsel ilişki, ensest. (various references) кровозмішення. (various references) tội loạn luân, sự loạn luân. (various references) llosgach. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | incestum. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Leviticus Chapter 18, Verse 17 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Aschmosunhn gunaikoV kai qugatroV authV ouk apokaluyeiV thn qugatera tou uiou authV kai thn qugatera thV qugatroV authV ou lhmyh apokaluyai thn aschmosunhn autwn oikeiai gar sou eisin asebhma estin |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Turpitudinem uxoris tuae et filiae eius non revelabis filiam filii eius et filiam filiae illius non sumes ut reveles ignominiam eius quia caro illius sunt et talis coitus incestus est |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | The filthheed of thi wijf, and of the douyter of hir, thow shalt not opne; the douyter of the sone of hir, and the douyter of the douyter of hir thow shalt not take, that thow opne hir shenship, for the flesh of hir thei ben, and siche a goyng togidere is incest. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | Thou shalt not discouer the preuytes of the wife ad hir doughter also, nether shalt thou take hir sonnes doughter or hir doughters doughter to vncouer their secrettes: they are hir nexte kyn, it were therfore wikydnesse. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of a woman and her daughter, neither shalt thou take her son's daughter, or her daughter's daughter, to uncover her nakedness; for they are her near kinswomen: it is wickedness. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | Thou shalt not uncover the nakedness of a woman and her daughter, neither shalt thou take her son's daughter, or her daughter's daughter, to uncover her nakedness; for they are her near kinswomen: it is wickedness. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | You may not take as wife a woman and her daughter, or her son's daughter or her daughter's daughter, for they are of one family: it is an act of shame. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Leviticus Chapter 18, Verse 17 |
| Bulgarian | "олотата на жена и на дъщеря й да не откриеш, нито да вземеш дъщерята на сина й, или дъщеря на дъщеря й, за да откриеш голотата й; те са нейни близки роднини; това е нечестие. |
| Cebuano | Ang pagkahubo sa usa ka babaye ug sa iyang anak nga babaye dili mo pagbuksan; dili ka magkuha sa anak nga babaye sa iyang anak nga lalake, kun sa anak nga babaye sa iyang anak nga babaye aron sa pagbukas sa iyang pagkahubo: sila mga duol nga kabanayan; kini dautan gayud. |
| Chinese | 不 可 露 了 婦 人 的 下 " 、 又 露 他 女 ' 的 下 " 、 也 不 可 娶 他 孫 女 、 或 是 外 孫 女 、 露 他 們 的 下 " 、 他 們 是 骨 肉 之 親 、 這 本 是 大 惡 。 |
| Croatian | Ne otkrivaj golotinje koje žene i njezine kæeri! Nemoj se ženiti kæerju njezina sina niti kæerju njezine kæeri te im golotinju otkrivati. Oni su krvna rodbina. To bi bila pokvarenost. |
| Danish | En Kvindes og hendes Datters Blusel må du ikke blotte, heller ikke må du ægte hendes Sønnedatter eller Datterdatter, så at du blotter hendes Blusel; de er hendes kødelige Slægtninge; det er grov Utugt. |
| Dutch | Gij zult de schaamte ener vrouw en harer dochter niet ontdekken; de dochter haars zoons, noch de dochter van haar dochter zult gij nemen, om haar schaamte te ontdekken; zij zijn nabestaanden; het is een schandelijke daad. |
| Finnish | Älä paljasta vaimon ja hänen tyttärensä häpyä, äläkä ota vaimoksi hänen poikansa tytärtä tai tyttärensä tytärtä paljastaaksesi hänen häpyänsä, sillä he ovat veriheimolaisia; se on sukurutsausta. |
| French | Tu ne découvriras point la nudité d`une femme et de sa fille. Tu ne prendras point la fille de son fils, ni la fille de sa fille, pour découvrir leur nudité. Ce sont tes proches parentes: c`est un crime. |
| German | Du sollst eines Weibes samt ihrer Tochter Blöße nicht aufdecken noch ihres Sohnes Tochter oder ihrer Tochter Tochter nehmen, ihre Blöße aufzudecken; denn sie sind ihre nächsten Blutsfreundinnen, und es ist ein Frevel. |
| Haitian Creole | Piga ou kouche pitit fi osinon pitit pitit fi yon madanm ki te nan afè avè ou deja. Pa kouche yo. Se tankou si se te fanmi pre ou yo te ye. Si ou fè sa, se va yon wont! |
| Hungarian | Valamely asszonynak és az õ leányának szemérmét fel ne fedd; az õ fiának leányát, vagy leányának leányát el ne vedd, hogy annak szemérmét felfedjed; mert vér szerint való rokonok õk; fajtalankodás ez. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Jangan bersetubuh dengan anak atau cucu seorang wanita yang pernah kaugauli. Mungkin mereka kerabatmu, dan itu perbuatan yang tidak senonoh. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Jangan kamu kawin dengan seorang perempuan serta dengan anaknyapun sekali; jangan kamu mengambil cucunya dari sebelah anaknya laki-laki atau dari sebelah anaknya perempuan akan binimu, karena ialah sedarah daging dengan kamu, maka haramlah perbuatan yang demikian. |
| Italian | Non scoprirai la nudit di una donna e di sua figlia; né prenderai la figlia di suo figlio, né la figlia di sua figlia per scoprirne la nudit : sono parenti carnali: è un'infamia. |
| Korean | 너 " 여 인 과 그 여 인 의 " 의 하 체 를 아 울 러 " 치 말 며 또 그 여 인 의 손 녀 나 외 손 녀 를 아 울 러 취 하 여 그 하 체 를 " 치 말 라 그 " 은 그 의 골 육 지 친 이 니 이 " 악 행 이 니 라 |
| Maori | Kei hurahia e koe kia takoto tahanga te wahine raua ko tana tamahine, kaua ano e tangohia te tamahine a tana tama, te tamahine ranei a tana tamahine, hura ai i a ia kia takoto tahanga; he whanaunga pu hoki ratou ki a ia: he mea kino tena. |
| Modern Greek | Ασχημοσυνην γυναικος και της θυγατρος αυτης δεν θελεις αποκαλυψει ουδε θελεις λαβει την θυγατερα του υιου αυτης η την θυγατερα της θυγατρος αυτης, δια να αποκαλυψης την ασχημοσυνην αυτης· ειναι στεναι συγγενεις αυτης· ειναι ασεβημα. |
| Norwegian | Du skal ikke ha omgang med en kvinne og tillike med hennes datter; hennes sønnedatter eller hennes datterdatter skal du heller ikke ta og ha omgang med; de er hennes nære slekt, det er skammelig ferd. |
| Portuguese | Não descobrirás a nudez duma mulher e de sua filha. Não tomarás a filha de seu filho, nem a filha de sua filha, para descobrir a sua nudez; são parentas chegadas; é maldade. |
| Rumanian | Sq nu descoperi goliciunea unei femei wi a fetei ei. Sq nu iei pe fata fiului ei, nici pe fata fetei ei, ca sq le descoperi goliciunea. Kyi sknt rude de aproape: este o nelegiuire. |
| Russian | оБЗПФЩ ЦЕОЩ Й "ПЮЕТЙ ЕЕ ОЕ ПФЛТЩЧБК; "ПЮЕТЙ УЩОБ ЕЕ Й "ПЮЕТЙ "ПЮЕТЙ ЕЕ ОЕ 'ЕТЙ, ЮФП' ПФЛТЩФШ ОБЗПФХ ЙИ, ПОЙ Е"ЙОПЛТПЧОЩЕ ЕЕ; ЬФП 'ЕЪЪБЛПОЙЕ. |
| Spanish | "No descubrirás la desnudez de una mujer y la de su hija. No tomarás la hija de su hijo ni la hija de su hija para descubrir su desnudez. Ellas son parientas cercanas. Eso es una infamia. |
| Swedish | Du skall icke blotta en kvinnas blygd och tillika hennes dotters; du skall icke heller taga till hustru hennes sondotter eller dotterdotter och blotta dennas blygd, de äro ju nära blodsförvanter; sådant vore en skändlighet. |
| Thai | เจ้าอย่าเปิ"กายที่เปลือยเปล่าของผู้หญิงคนใ"คนหนึ่งและของบุตรสาวของนาง และเจ้าอย่านำบุตรสาวของบุตรชายของนาง หรือบุตรสาวของบุตรสาวของนางไปเปิ"กายที่เปลือยเปล่า เพราะว่าพวกเธอเป็นญาติผู้หญิงที่ใกล้ชิ"ของนาง เป็นการชั่วร้ายนัก |
| Ukrainian | Наготи жінки й дочки її не відкри"ш; дочки сина її й дочки дочки її не візьмеш, щоб відкрити її наготу, вони однокровні її, це кровозмішання! |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "incest": incests, incestuous, incestuously, incestuousness, incestuousnesses. (additional references) | |
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"Incest" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: encast, ences, encyst, Icast, icnes, incast, inceat, incent, incert, incess, incesst, inceste, incet, incis, incisl, incres, Incs, incus, inest, Inesti, injest, inscest, inscet, insest, intest, inuest, Kilcast, nicens, oncost, Uncstd. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "incest" (pronounced i"nse'st) |
| 4 | -s e' s t | accessed, unprocessed. |
| 3 | -e' s t | alkahest, armrest, backrest, headrest, inquest, manifest, protest, slugfest. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: insect, nicest. | |
| Words within the letters "c-e-i-n-s-t" | |
-1 letter: cents, cesti, cines, cites, inset, neist, nites, scent, senti, since, stein, tines. | |
-2 letters: cent, cine, cist, cite, etic, ices, nest, nets, nice, nite, nits, sect, sent, sice, sine, site, snit, tens, tics, ties, tine, tins. | |
-3 letters: cis, ens, ice, ins, its, net, nit, sec, sei, sen, set, sic, sin, sit, ten, tic, tie, tin, tis. | |
-4 letters: en, es, et, in, is, it, ne, si, ti. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-e-i-n-s-t" | |
+1 letter: acetins, cineast, cistern, clients, cretins, cystein, cystine, entices, ethnics, incepts, incests, incites, infects, injects, insects, inspect, lectins, notices, pectins, section, stencil, sthenic. | |
+2 letters: aconites, amnestic, ancients, asthenic, cabinets, canister, canities, canniest, canoeist, centesis, centiles, centimes, centimos, centrism, centrist, ceratins, chanties, chintses, chintzes, christen, cineaste, cineasts, cisterna, cisterns, citherns, cithrens, citizens, citrines, citterns, cointers, conceits, coonties, corniest, counties, creatins, cresting, crinites, cutinise, cutlines, cyanites, cysteine, cysteins, cystines, cytosine, distance, entastic, enticers, escoting, estancia, etchings, excitons, extincts, fanciest, genetics, ichnites, inciters, inflects, insectan, inspects, instance, kinetics, kitchens, lections, linecuts, minciest, neckties, nescient, niceties, nictates, nitchies, noticers, pectines, scantier, scanties, scenting, secretin, sections, seicento, semantic, sithence, snitched, snitcher, snitches, sonicate, stencils, stenotic, stickmen, stricken, syenitic, syndetic, synectic, tacrines, technics, telsonic, tenesmic, tetanics, thickens, tonetics, tunicles, vesicant, zincates, zincites. | |
+3 letters: accidents, actinides, analcites, anapestic, andesitic, anelastic, anoretics, ascertain, asthenics, asyndetic, bacterins, benedicts, bisecting, bisection, bounciest, bunchiest, candidest, canisters, cannister, canoeists, canticles, caseating, caseation, caseinate, casketing, catechins, catenoids, cathepsin, cattiness, ceintures, cenobites, centesimi, centesimo, centiares, centrings, centrisms, centrists, centroids, centuries, cessation, chanciest, chantries, chinkiest, christens, chunkiest, cinctures, cineastes, cisternae, cisternal, clarinets, clingiest, closeting, clunkiest, coastline, coinmates, coinvents, concisest, consisted, continues, contrives, cornetist, corseting, cortisone, cosseting, countries, craniates, crankiest, creatines, creations, crestings, cretinism, cretinous, cultigens, cutinised, cutinises, cutinizes, cysteines, cytidines, cytokines, cytosines, dehiscent, denticles, desiccant, dicentras, discanted, disinfect, distanced, distances, doctrines, economist, ecumenist, eductions, ejections, elections, encaustic, enceintes, enclitics, encomiast, encysting, enuretics, enzootics, erections, escorting, estancias, ethicians, euthenics, evections, evictions, exactions, excitants, existence, exsecting, extrinsic, fascinate, flections, frenetics, gentrices, hesitance, hesitancy, ignescent, incenters, inceptors, incessant, incidents, incrusted, incubates, indicates, indictees, indicters, inductees, inelastic, infecters, infectors, injectors, injustice, innocents, insectary, insectile, inspected, inspector, instanced, instances, interacts, intercoms, intercuts, intersect, intestacy, invocates, isooctane, itchiness, iterances, jacinthes, jounciest, laitances, larcenist, latencies, lecithins, lenticels, magnetics, mechanist, miscreant, navicerts, necessity, nectaries, neoterics, nescients, neuritics, neurotics, nicotines, noninsect, obscenity, occidents, patencies, patiences, phenetics, phonetics, pittances, potencies, precincts, prentices, prescient, punchiest, quiescent, reactions, recasting, reincites, reindicts, reinducts, reinfects, reinjects, reinspect, resecting, resection, scantiest, scenarist, sceptring, schnitzel, sciential, scientism, scientist, scientize, sclerotin, secreting, secretins, secretion, sectarian, sectional, sectioned, sectoring, seduction, seicentos, selecting, selection, semantics, semitonic, sentience, sincerest, sincerity, sketching, snatchier, snitchers, socketing, sonicated, sonicates, sphincter, splenetic, stenchier, stenciled, stenciler, stockinet, stridence, stridency, succinate, suctioned, switchmen, syncretic, syndicate, synthetic, tacitness, tackiness, taconites, teachings, tectonics, tectonism, tenacious, tenancies, thickness, tinctures, tricornes, truancies, tunicates, unhitches, vesicants, virescent. | |
+4 letters: abjections, abstinence, accretions, actionless, activeness, advections, affections, aitchbones, analeptics, analgetics, anamnestic, anapestics, ancestries, anchorites, ancientest, anecdotist, anesthetic, anorectics, antechoirs, anthelices, anticaries, anticlines, antiseptic, ascertains, assistance, austenitic, becrusting, bijections, bisections, bitchiness, blatancies, branchiest, candidates, caninities, cannisters, cantilenas, carnitines, carnotites, carpetings, caseations, caseinates, catenaries, cathepsins, cementites, centauries, centesimal, centesimos, centigrams, centipedes, centralise, centralism, centralist, centrioles, centurions, certainest, cessations, chastening, chatelains, chattiness, chelations, chieftains, chinchiest, chintziest, chondrites, christened, citizeness, cleanliest, clientages, clienteles, clientless, clingstone, clothespin, clustering, coastlines, cobaltines, coenobites, coexistent, coexisting, coinvestor, comminutes, concretism, concretist, condiments, confiscate, confiteors, confitures, congesting, congestion, congestive, conicities, consenting, consistent, consociate, constative, constipate, constitute, constringe, consultive, containers, contesting, continents, continuers, contraries, contrivers, coresident, cornetcies, cornetists, cornettist, cortisones, costliness, craftiness, cremations, crenations, creosoting, crescentic, cretinisms, criminates, crinkliest, criterions, crunchiest, crustiness, culminates, cunningest, curtseying, cysteamine, cytogenies, deceptions, decoctions, deductions, defections, deficients, dejections, depictions, descanting, desiccants, desistance, detections, diaconates, dicentrics, dieticians, directions, directness, discarnate, discepting, disconcert, disconnect, discontent, discounted, discounter, discrepant, discretion, disenchant, disinfects, disjecting, dissecting, dissection, distincter, dysenteric, dyskinetic, eccentrics, economists, ecumenists, educations, elocutions, emittances, encaustics, encomiasts, encrusting, energetics, enunciates, epicenters, escalating, escalation, escheating, estrogenic, eugenicist, euthanasic, evocations, exceptions, excipients, excretions, executions, existences, exoticness, fascinated, fascinates, feministic, finickiest, fletchings, flounciest, fornicates, geneticist, hedonistic, hematinics, hesitances, hoactzines, impotences, incarnates, incentives, inceptions, inceptives, incestuous, increments, increscent, inculcates, inculpates, incumbents, incurvates, indiscreet, infections, infectious, inflicters, injectants, injections, injustices, inoculates, inosculate, insecurity, insistence, insistency, inspecting, inspection, inspective, inspectors, instancies, instructed, intactness, intellects, intercaste, intercedes, intercepts, interclass, intercrops, intercross, interdicts, interfaces, interjects, interlaces, interlocks, intersects, interspace, interstice, intimacies, intrenches, introduces, introjects, introspect, invectives, ionicities, iridescent, isentropic, isocyanate, isooctanes, kinematics, kineticist, knuckliest, lacustrine, larcenists, lemniscate, lenticules, licentious, linecaster, liquescent, lunchtimes, machinates, manticores, mechanists, melanistic, mendicants, mesenteric, microtones, midsection, militances, minacities, mincemeats, misconnect, miscounted, miscreants, monostelic, myasthenic, narcotizes, nectarines, neoplastic, neotropics, nephrotics, nepotistic, niccolites, nictitates, nightscope, nitpickers, nonascetic, nonelastic, noninsects, novelistic, objections, octonaries, omniscient, osteogenic, panickiest, patchiness, paunchiest, penitences, pestilence, phenacites, plasticene, plasticine, pleonastic, pleustonic, pontifices, precasting, princelets, prosecting, psittacine, putrescine, quercetins, quittances, raunchiest, receptions, rechristen, recipients, reconvicts, redactions, rediscount, reductions, refections, reinspects, rejections, relictions, resections, resistance, respecting, restacking, restocking, restricken, reticences, revanchist, sanctified, sanctifier, sanctifies, sanctioned, sanctities, scantiness, scattering, scenarists, sceptering, schnitzels, scientific, scientisms, scientists, scientized, scientizes, sclerotins, scrawniest, scrutineer, scrutinies, scrutinise, scrutinize, scuttering, secretions, sectarians, sectionals, sectioning, seductions, selections, semantical, sentencing, sentiences, skeletonic, snatchiest, solonetzic, speciating, speciation, spectating, sphincters, splenetics, stenchiest, stencilers, stenciling, stencilled, stenciller, stenotopic, stickiness, stockiness, stockinets, stockinged, stretching, strictness, stridences, stringency, strychnine, subcabinet, subjecting, subjection, subsection, succinates, succincter, sufficient, supertonic, surjection, suspecting, syncretise, syncretism, syncretist, syncretize, syndicated, syndicates, synergetic, synthetics, tangencies, tarriances, technicals, techniques, tectonisms, tenacities, tendencies, tetchiness, thickeners, thylacines, tonicities, touchiness, touchlines, transcribe, transgenic, transience, transiency, trickiness, tricotines, trisecting, trisection, trucklines, turgencies, uncanniest, undomestic, unesthetic, unluckiest, unscripted, unstitched, unstitches, vaccinates, ventifacts, ventricles, ventricose, vesicating, vetchlings, vicinities, vindicates, wainscoted. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)49 6E 63 65 73 74 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).. -. -.-. . ... - |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01001001 01101110 01100011 01100101 01110011 01110100 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)I n c e s t |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0049 006E 0063 0065 0073 0074 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)438069718586 |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Quotations: Non-fiction 6. Usage Frequency 7. Expressions 8. Translations: Modern | 9. Translations: Ancient 10. Bible Trace 11. Derivations 12. Rhymes | 13. Anagrams 14. Orthography 15. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
