Gujarati

  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Gujarati

Definitions: Gujarati

Gujarati

Noun

1. A member of the people of Gujarat.

2. The Indic language spoken by the people of India who live in Gujarat in western India.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 


Synonym: Gujarati

Synonym: Gujerati (n). (additional references)

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Specialty Definition: Gujarati language

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

[[Image:Gujarati.png|Gujarati written in gujarati]]
Gujarati is a language belonging to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European languages. It is spoken mainly in Gujarat, a state in western India, where it is a regional language officially recognized by the Constitution. It is written in Gujarati script, an abugida very similar to Devanagari (the script used for Sanskrit and Hindi), but without the continuous line at the top of the letters.

It is spoken by about 46 million people worldwide, making it the 23rd most spoken language in the world. Of these, roughly 45.5 million reside in India, 150,000 in Uganda, 250,000 in Tanzania, 50,000 in Kenya and roughly 100,000 in Pakistan. Considerable population of Gujarati speakers exists in North America as well. Two most common surnames are Shah and Patel.

History

The history of the language can be traced back to 12th c. CE. A formal grammar of the precursor of this language was written by Jain monk and eminent scholar Hemachandra-charya in the reign of Rajput king Siddharaj Jayasinh of Patan. This was called Apabhransa grammar, signifying a language which is a corrupted form of languages like Sanskrit and Ardha-magadhi. Earliest literature in the language survives in oral tradition and is traced to two stalwarts, the Krshna devotee and great egalitarian Narasinh Mehta (later a source of inspiration to Mahatma Gandhi) dated to be in the 17th century. The story of Narsinh Mehta himself was composed as a long narrative ballad by Premananda, accorded the title "maha-kavi" or great poet by modern historians of the language. His date is perhaps late 17th century. Other than this a large number of poets flourished during what is now characterised as the bhakti or devotional movement in Hinduism, a movement of the masses to liberate the religion from entrenched priesthood.

Premananda was a "vyakhyan-kar", a travelling story teller, who narrated his subject in song form and then perhaps elaborated on the lines in prose. His style was so fluent that the long poems running into hundreds of lines were memorised by the people and are still sung during the morning routines. In this sense the oral tradition of the much more ancient Vedas was clearly continuing in India till late. Premananda's famous poetry-stories deal with epic themes couched in stories of mythical kings, and the puranas. He also wrote a drama based on Narasinh Mehta's life capturing his simplicity and his disregard for worldly divisions of caste and class.

The Gujarati spoken today takes considerable vocabulary from Persian due to the more than five centuries of the rule of Sultan kings who were Muslim. These words occur mostly in reference to worldly and secular matters. The other elements of the language however draw quite a lot on native tribes of the specific region, as listed below under Dialects.

Modern exploration into Gujarat and its language is credited to British administrator Alexander Kinloch Forbes. During the nineteenth century at a time when the British rule was more consolidatory and progressive this gentleman explored much of the previous thousand years of the history of the land and compiled a large number of manuscripts. The learned body devoted to Gujarati language is named after him, Farbas Gujarati Sabha with headquarters in Mumbai.

Dialects

As with most languages, there are regional dialects which differ in some minor regard.

Some of them are listed below along with subdivisions.

Standard Gujarati
     Saurashtra Standard
     Nagari
     Bombay Gujarati
     Patnuli

Gamadia
     Gramya
     Surati 
     Anawla
     Brathela
     Eastern Broach Gujarati
     Charotari
     Patidari
     Vadodari
     Ahmedabad Gamadia
     Patani

Parsi

Kathiyawadi
     Jhalawadi
     Sorathi
     Holadi
     Gohilwadi
     Bhavnagari

Kharwa


Kakari

Tarimuki
     Ghisadi

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Gujarati language."

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Crosswords: Gujarati

English words defined with "Gujarati": Gujarat, Gujerat. (references)

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Commercial Usage: Gujarati

DomainTitle

Books

  • Colloquial Gujarati : A Complete Language Course/Book and 2 Cassettes (reference)

    (more book examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Gujarati

"Gujarati" is generally used as a noun (proper) -- approximately 78.57% of the time. "Gujarati" is used about 14 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words		Rank in English
Noun (proper)78.57%11106,044
Adjective (general or positive)21.43%3202,518
                    Total100.00%14N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Gujarati

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day		ExpressionFrequency
per Day

gujarati

101

gujarati sex

6

gujarati news

43

gujarati language

6

gujarati newspaper

35

baby gujarati name

5

gujarati font

27

alphabet gujarati

5

gujarati recipe

27

gujarati magazine

5

gujarati matrimonial

23

bhajans gujarati

5

gujarati song

23

gujarati poem

5

gujarati joke

14

food gujarati

5

book gujarati

13

gujarati samaj

4

gujarati song wedding

11

garba gujarati

4

gujarati music

10

download font gujarati

4

gujarati wedding

10

gujarati matrimony.com

4

gujarati girl

8

gujarati rediff.com

4

gujarati samachar

8

bhajan gujarati

3

gujarati matrimony

8

gujarati name

3

gujarati news paper

7

gujarati story

3

english gujarati dictionary

7

calendar gujarati

3

dictionary gujarati

6

cooking gujarati

3

gujarati translation

6

free gujarati ringtone

3

learn gujarati

6

gujarati english

3
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Gujarati

Language Translations for "Gujarati"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Portuguese

  

gujarati. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Anagrams: Gujarati

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "a-a-g-i-j-r-t-u"

-2 letters: guitar, jaguar.

-3 letters: agria, ajuga, atria, jagra, jurat, riata, taiga, tiara, tragi.

-4 letters: agar, airt, ajar, aria, aura, gait, gaur, girt, grat, grit, guar, juga, jura, raga, ragi, raia, raja, ruga, trig, trug.

-5 letters: aga, air, ait, art, gar, gat, git, gut, jag, jar, jig, jug, jut, rag, raj, rat, ria, rig, rug, rut.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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Alternative Orthography: Gujarati


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

47 75 6A 61 72 61 74 69

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

--.    ..-    .---    .-    .-.    .-    -    ..

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01000111 01110101 01101010 01100001 01110010 01100001 01110100 01101001

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#71 &#117 &#106 &#97 &#114 &#97 &#116 &#105

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0047 0075 006A 0061 0072 0061 0074 0069

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

4187766784678675

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Commercial 		5. Usage Frequency
6. Expressions: Internet
7. Translations: Modern
8. Anagrams 		9. Orthography
10. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

 

 

 

 

Note to the press & webmasters - this dictionary can be linked, indexed, or referred to using the following non-English expressions:
woordeboek, fjalor, ‏معجم, ‏قاموس, diccionariu, речник, diccionari, diksyonario, diksinario, 字典, gérlyver, slovník, ordbog, woordenboek, shimiyuc p'anca, orðabók, orðbók, dictionnaire, wurdboek, wörterbuch, λεξικό, אוצר מילים, szótár, uqausiit tukingit, dizionario, 字引 , じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , 사 , dizionari, recnik, fockleyr, dikshonario, słownik, dicionário, dicţionar, dicziunari, словарь, lolomi fefiloi, foclair, abardair, faclair, briathrachan, pukuntau, leksikon, rečnik, vocabbulariu, diccionario, sí-chazamagâma, ordbok, lexikon, พจนานุกรม, sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, словник, довідник, có tính chất sách vở, geirlyfr, geiriadur, for dictionary;
definisie, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, ‏الوضوحية في الشيء, ‏حد, ‏تحديد, ‏تعريف, ‏التحديد, ‏الإيضاحية, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, 定義 , 定义, definice, deskriptordefinition, definitie, määritelmä, définition, ορισμός, "'"ר", "'בל", meghatározás, definíció, definizione, 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, 의, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght, definishon, definição, definiţie, determinare, definire, определение, definicija, definición, definition, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, sự định rõ, sự định nghĩa, lời định nghĩa sự định, diffiniad, darnodiad, for definition;
vertaling, transferim, transmetim, ‏ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ‏ترجمة, ‏إفتتان, транслация, огъване, превод, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, превеждане, 翻译, překlad, oversættelse, translatie, taajuusmuutos, translaatio, traduction, oersetting, Übersetzung, μετάφραση, תור'מ ות, תר'ום, "עתק", "עתק, fordítás, traduzione, 翻訳 , へい"ういどう, やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, トランスレーション , やくじゅつ, ほ"やくしょ, 번역, tradukshon, tradução, translaţie, tãlmãcire, traducere, сдвиг, трансляция, перемещение, перевод, tumačenje, traducción, översättning, tercüme, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення, sự dịch, sự biến th nh sự giải thích, trosiad, for translation;
Portugees, portugez, portugalisht, ‏اللغة البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالي, португалски език, португалски, португалец, Potuges, 葡萄牙语, 葡萄牙人 , 葡萄牙語 , portugalský, portugiser, portugisiskt, portugalilainen, portugais, Portugeesk, portugiesisch, πορτογάλοσ, ορτογάλος, portugál, Portaingéilis, portoghese, ポルトガル語 , ポルトガル", 포르투갈, Portiugish, Portiugagh, portugues, Portugalczyk, português, portughez, португальский, portugalski jezik, portugalski, portugalac, portugués, Mreno, si-Putúkezi, portugis, portekiz, Portekízlí, portekizli, portekizce, португальська мова, португальський, португалець, người B"-đ o-nha tiếng B"-đ o-nha, for Portuguese;