Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: DID |
DID1. Imp. of Do. |
Date "DID" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | DID Direct Inward Dialing. Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In psychiatry, Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) is the current name of the condition formerly listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as Multiple Personality Disorder and Multiple Personality Syndrome. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems continues to list it as Multiple Personality Disorder.Multiplicity is often used to describe wider behaviours than DID—in other words, it includes the presence of separate selves which are not part of a psychiatric disorder. In the widest sense it may include concepts such as demonic possession and two-spirits. Indeed, in several cases, doctors have resorted to exorcisms in order to treat DID. [1], [1]
The very existence of DID is questioned by some doctors and scientists. The growing consensus among most doctors and scientists is that DID exists, but that it is an iatrogenic ("caused by doctors") illness that is generally created by suggestion or self-suggestion. A few psychiatrists continue to claim that it is a severe illness that cannot be created in adult life, brought on by extreme abuse in childhood.
Theory of Dissociative Identity Disorder
The primary criterion for the diagnosis of DID is the presence of two or more separate selves within the same body, which may have very different ways of acting, thinking and speaking, and may be of different gender identities, ethnicities or sexual orientations. Depending on the severity of the condition, one personality may not recall incidents that happened when another personality was predominant. Generally there is thought to be a "primary" personality, with others being less frequent in appearance and/or less well-developed.
MPD or DID is most commonly diagnosed in people who are, typically in recovered memory therapy, found to be the victims of severe repeated trauma (usually child abuse) very early in life. Whether this abuse (often claimed to be ritualistic, sometimes satanic ritual abuse) actually happened in the majority of cases or whether false memories were induced by the therapist is subject of much debate.
DID therapists believe that in an effort to shield themselves from the trauma, patients have effectively split their mind into two parts—the person who was abused, and the rest of their self, who was dissociated from the traumatic event and protected from its effect. Over time, and with repeated traumas, they become adept at masking their true self. In effect they become human chameleons in an attempt to protect themselves from anything that might harm their psyche further, and later, to keep anyone from discovering their secret. Presumably, the victims will suffer from various general symptoms (such as depressions, sleeplessness and headaches) in later life. The therapist then has to uncover the split personalities and the suppressed memories in order to restore balance.
History of multiplicity
The existence of multiplicity is currently a topic of much debate within the psychological community. Reports of individuals who seemed to display more than one discrete self date back to the 19th century, and some have speculated that cases of 'possession' described in earlier centuries were actually cases of multiplicity. 'Dual personality' was closely associated with spirit mediumship in the 19th and early 20th centuries, as some believed that the different selves were actually spirits who had taken up residence in the medium's body. Early psychoanalysts attempted to attribute multiple personality to a variety of causes, including manifestation of unconscious desires, head injuries, and the oppression of women.
Psychoanalyst Morton Prince, who later published a book on his experiences in treating Sally Beauchamp, a multiple client, believed that multiplicity was due to the disintegration of an original, unified personality into separate pieces. He translated desaggregation, a word coined by the French analyst Pierre Janet, as 'dissociation,' and used it to refer to the process by which the original personality was supposed to break apart. Although he did not attempt to theorize on a universal cause for dissociation, he believed that multiplicity needed to be cured by integrating all the selves into the 'original' personality.
Several popular accounts of multiplicity, most fictionalized to some degree, were published during the first half of the 20th century, the most famous being The Three Faces of Eve by Corbett Thigpen and Harvey Cleckley. Thigpen claimed to have integrated all the selves of 'Eve,' a multiple client, and the book was so popular it was later made into a movie. Several decades after the book's publication, the real 'Eve,' Chris Costner-Sizemore, came forward to report that much of the book was a fabrication by Thigpen; although she really was multiple, by her own account, she had never actually integrated.
The actual diagnosis of 'Multiple Personality Disorder' did not exist until the 1970s, when Sybil, the most famous modern account of multiplicity, was published. 'Sybil,' whose real name was Shirley Mason, was a patient of Freudian analyst Cornelia Wilbur. Wilbur treated Mason for over a decade and believed that her client's multiplicity had been caused by severe sexual abuse in childhood, which had caused her original personality to 'split off' separate selves, each of whom performed the function of enduring abuse for her. In Wilbur's view, all multiples consisted of an original, depleted self and the many personalities who had dissociated from it as a result of childhood trauma. In order to restore the patient's original self, it was necessary to remember all the childhood traumas which had caused the 'splits,' and then integrate all the personalities; only then could the patient live a full and productive life.
Wilbur later went on to specialize in treating multiples, continuing to enforce her view that all multiples had a history of severe trauma in childhood and could not live functionally without recovering their traumatic memories and becoming integrated. She believed that it was routine for multiples to lack a communal memory and to be unable to remember things done by other selves. The diagnosis Multiple Personality Disorder was added to the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, and several popular, often highly-embellished and fictionalized case histories of multiples were published throughout the 1980s, all after the model of 'Sybil.'
Allegations of iatrogenesis
Robert Rieber of the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in 1998 examined tapes regarding the Mason case and came to the conclusion that the multiple personalities were induced in the patient by her therapist, who, in sessions which included the use of drugs, carved out personalities for the different emotions, while dismissing any attempt by the patient to deny her multiplicity. Critics charge that this allegation of "denial" is used to force patients to go along with a therapist's psychological model, be it satanic ritual abuse with subsequent dissociation or abduction by aliens (a similarly large phenomenon). In Mason's case, memories of severe physical abuse were also "recovered": Her mother allegedly filled her bladder with ice-water to stop her from urinating, and then forced her to listen to her mother playing on the piano. In reality, no evidence for these events was ever found.
Mason's other therapist, Dr. Herbert Spiegel, also concluded that Mason's multiplicity was induced: He noted that Mason was perfectly capable of expressing her emotions without using different "personalities", and that the idea to use these personalities came primarily from Wilbur, not from Mason.
The diagnosis, which had always been a subject of much debate, became highly controversial in the mid-1990s. After approximately a decade of popularity among therapists and talk-show hosts, the recovered memory movement fell into disrepute. Clients began to report in increasing numbers that they had been misdiagnosed with multiple personalities, and led to believe that they had experienced traumas in childhood which had never actually occurred, including satanic ritual abuse. Many of the patients who remained in therapy continued to get worse instead of better, which led many psychologists to conclude that multiplicity was usually or always iatrogenically induced through a combination of social and therapeutic influences. The diagnosis MPD was changed to Dissociative Identity Disorder in the fourth edition of the DSM.
A classic case of a questionable diagnosis was the Hillside Strangler case in the US. Kenneth Bianchi, an accused serial killer who allegedly strangled multiple women in Los Angeles, was diagnosed at his court-ordered psychiatric evaluation as having MPD. However, later investigation showed that Bianchi's behavior was not in fact consistent with the MPD diagnosis. This is commonly attributed to the joint effects of suggestion (iatrogenesis in clinical terms) and deliberate deception from Bianchi (malingering).
Multiplicity as a social phenomenon
If Sybil-type MPD/DID is rare or iatrogenically induced, multiplicity per se--the existence of more than one self in a body--is still a phenomenon worth studying. With the advent of the Internet, increasing numbers of self-acknowledged multiples who have never been diagnosed or in therapy have come forward to report that they are living functionally without need of integration. Not all have a history of childhood sexual abuse; many report not only having clear memories of their childhood, but having been multiple for as long as they could remember. Since they do not suffer from severe depression, amnesia, or dangerous behavior, such multiples have rarely come to the attention of therapists, having had no need for their intervention.
In addition, many healthy multiples have called into question the concept of integration of selves. Several people who knew Shirley Mason reported that despite the statements made in 'Sybil,' she, like Eve, remained multiple even after her supposed integration. Some believe that true integration is impossible, or at least impractical, for genuine multiples. It remains to be seen whether the scandals and lawsuits of the 1990s will prevent serious research from being done on functional self-identified multiples, or from non-Wilburian paradigms of multiplicity being studied and considered.
Because such multiples do not experience their condition as disordered or sick in any way, some have proposed that the diagnosis of DID be removed from the DSM entirely, or revised to classify multiples who have difficulty communicating and sharing memories and/or wish to integrate.
This desire is supported by critics of DID therapy within psychology, sociology and criminology, who would also like to see multiple personalities to be considered a lifestyle (by choice or by experience) rather than a disease. It should be noted that from a psychological standpoint, DID/MPD may be considered desirable by an individual:
Because of the known risks associated with the disorder, most critics demand that therapists who induce multiple personalities in patients by creating false memories and encouraging their patients to assign names and characters to their different emotional states should no longer be allowed to practice. Interestingly, critics of MPD/DID therapy and self-identified natural/functional multiples share many of the same criticisms of the traditional MPD/DID paradigm. These include the emphasis on recovering abuse memories which may or may not be real, the status associated with victimhood and dysfunctionality, and the blaming of "other personalities" for irresponsible or criminal behaviour.
- The victim role assumed together with the identity as survivor suffering from severe trauma may provide elevated social status and additional care by friends and relatives. Persons who suffer from lack of empathy by others may openly accept this role in order to call attention to themselves.
- The ability to act under different identities may be considered useful. Unwanted feelings or actions can be blamed on other personae, behavior that is normally taboo can be expressed without inhibition. For instance, many multiples have child-personalities, interested in "childish" activities like watching children's television, talking and writing without paying attention to syntax etc. Multiplicity allows these acts of regression, which some people may unconsciously desire. In extreme cases, alternative personalities may even be blamed for criminal acts.
DID in fiction
The idea of multiple personalities has been popularized by many bestselling books and some movies. The first novel to feature multiple personality prominently was The Birds' Nest, in 1954, by Shirley Jackson, which was made into a forgettable 1957 movie called Lizzie. Interestingly, the movie version of Three Faces of Eve, starring Joanne Woodward-- which was released in the same year-- drew heavily on Jackson's work to a point where some consider Jackson to have been plagiarized. The book about Sybil was turned into a 1976 TV movie, the 1994 mystery Color of Night, starring Bruce Willis, the 1996 movie Primal Fear and the 2003 thriller Identity also feature multiple personalities in fictional crime scenarios and explore the idea of responsibility for another personality's actions. Various movies, including Never Talk to Strangers and Session 9, and episodes of popular TV shows such as X-Files and Judging Amy, have used the now-cliche idea of multiples with a hidden "killer personality" for cheap drama and thrills. Touched by an Angel goes so far as to imply that multiples are actually demon-possessed. These movies and shows pay little attention to the controversy surrounding the disorder, but the idea of multiplicity is a powerful storytelling device.
References and external links
- Multiple Identities and False Memories by Nicholas Spanos, 1996, ISBN 1-55798-340-2
- 1996 paper covering debate
- The Layman's Guide to Multiplicity (non-disordered multiplicity resource, written and edited by multiples)
- Pavilion (awareness taskforce for functional multiplicity)
- True story of a relationship with a girl who suffered from Dissociative Identity Disorder
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Dissociative identity disorder."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
DID | English | Detergents ingredients database | Chemical Industry |
DID | French | Diabète insulino-dépendant | Medicine |
DID | Greek | βάση δεδομένων για τα συστατικά απορρυπαντικών | Chemical Industry |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Accusation | Phrase: "the breath of accusation kills an innocent name"; "thou can'st not say I did it". |
Fool | One who will not set the Thames on fire; one who did not invent gunpowder, qui n'a pas invente' la poudre; no conjuror. |
Inexpectation | Phrase: little did one think, little did one expect; nobody would ever suppose, nobody would ever think, nobody would ever expect; who would have thought? it beats the Dutch. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: DID |
| Non-English Usage: "DID" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Danish (that way, there, thither, yonder), Lombard (finger). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Did not just take out that chair (American Pie; writing credit: Adam Herz) Did I mention that my father's filthy rich and I'll be working for free (A Time to Kill; writing credit: Akiva Goldsman) All I did was party and get laid (American Beauty; writing credit: Alan Ball) You know the question, just as I did. (The Matrix; writing credit: Andy Wachowski and Larry Wachowski.) Ah, but I know you did. I know (Interview with the Vampire: The Vampire Chronicles; writing credit: Anne Rice) | |
Lyrics | I think I did it again (Oops!... I Did It Again; performing artist: Britney Spears) But I did it justice (I Did It; performing artist: Dave Matthews Band) Tell me how ya did it (Dear Mama; performing artist: 2Pac) And I never did suspect a thing (Caught Up in You; performing artist: 38 Special) And you did more (Even The Nights Are Better; performing artist: Air Supply) | |
Clever | To stop smoking is the easiest thing I ever did. I ought to know; I've done it a thousand times. (references; author: Mark Twain) I am a poet and did not know it. (references; author: unknown) Why did kamikaze pilots wear helmets? (references; author: unknown) How did a fool and his money get together? (references; author: unknown) The biggest man you ever did see was once a baby. (references; author: unknown) | |
Tongue Twisters | How much dew would a dew drop drop, if a dew drop did drop dew? (references; author: unknown) I need not your needles, they're needless to me; for kneading of noodles, 'twere needless, you see; but did my neat knickers but need to be kneed, I then should have need of your needles indeed. (references; author: unknown) If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick? (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Did You Ever Hear That Cricket Sound? (1971) She Did What He Wanted (1970) Did You Hear the One About the Traveling Saleslady? (1968) | |
Song Titles | What Did You Do On Election Day (performing artist: The Foremen) Did You Ever Have To Make Up Your Mind (performing artist: The Lovin' Spoonful) Where Did Our Love Go (performing artist: The Supremes) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | A 10 year-old white girl is pictured here with her father in a swimming pool. She was diagnosed at age three with a form of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) that did not respond to therapy. She is presently in long-term remission after an experimental bone marrow transplant was performed. She now suffers from chronic GVH (Graft Versus Host Disease) which is rare. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |  | The CDC moved its location to Clifton Road after construction was completed in 1960. In 1947, Emory University donated the land on Clifton Road for the new CDC headquarters, but construction did not begin for more than a decade. Credit: CDC. |
 | In 1947, Emory University donated the land on Clifton Road for the new CDC headquarters, but construction did not begin for more than a decade. Credit: CDC. |  | How old is the universe? How big is it? What is its fate? Where did the planets, stars, ... Credit: NASA. |
 | "Hecht did the honors at station west of Mandan ...." Triangulation party of Wilbur Porter. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Emperor penguin egg at Cape Washington in the Ross Sea. This egg did not hatch. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | Fisherman displaying fish caught in St. Paul Harbor. Umbrella hat frees hands for more important fishing tasks. Umbrella hat necessary to protect from frequent showers, not ward off the midnight sun. Apparently this fisherman did not consult the local weather forecast as a clear sky would indicate few showers . Credit: Fisheries. |  | Spartina alterniflora was planted at several cell sites around East Timbalier Island. This cell was not very successful. The Spartina did not take well as the platform substrate was determined to be too high for Spartina to flourish. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
 | Post restoration, this image shows the cell that did not perform well after being planted with Spartina alterniflora. The platform was considered too high to promote colonization of Spartina. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | Navy divers assisting in the placement of used tires as an alternate reef material on the artificial reef site at Pokai Bay, Oahu. The tires did not stay in place because of the strong surge of the large Pacific swells at the site. Credit: The Coral Kingdom. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Did I miss something?" by Jana Werner Commentary: "Enjoy!." | "Red light" by Erik Weiss Commentary: "I just got my new digital camera and was seeing what everything in the menu did, I ended up with this cool picture." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Abraham Lincoln | My father taught me to work, but he did not teach me to love it. |
George Washington | When we assumed the Soldier, we did not lay aside the Citizen. |
Kearney | How did a fool and his money get together in the first place? |
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu | No modest man ever did or ever will make a fortune. |
Quentin Crisp | This woman did not fly to extremes; she lived there. |
Robert E. Lee | I like whiskey. I always did, and that is why I never drink it. |
Thomas A. Edison | I never did a days' work in my life -- it was all fun. |
Voltaire | If God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent Him. |
William Shakespeare | I did send to you for certain sums of gold, which you denied me. |
William Wordsworth | Nature never did betray the heart that loved her. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Magna Carta | 1215 | In the first place we have granted to God, and by this our present charter confirmed for us and our heirs forever that the English Church shall be free, and shall have her rights entire, and her liberties inviolate; and we will that it be thus observed; which is apparent from this that the freedom of elections, which is reckoned most important and very essential to the English Church, we, of our pure and unconstrained will, did grant, and did by our charter confirm and did obtain the ratification of the same from our lord, Pope Innocent III, before the quarrel arose between us and our barons: and this we will observe, and our will is that it be observed in good faith by our heirs forever. (reference) |
John Locke | 1690 | And this is that, and that only, which did, or could give beginning to any lawful government in the world. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Abraham Lincoln | 1863 | The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. (The Gettysburg Address) |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | I did not myself agree with many things that were done, but I have a very strong impression in my mind of that situation, and I find it painful to contrast it with that which prevails now. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
United Nations | 1948 | No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. (reference) |
Brown v. Board of Education | 1954 | Even in the North, the conditions of public education did not approximate those existing today. (reference) |
Miranda v. Arizona | 1966 | In each of these cases, the statements were obtained under circumstances that did not meet constitutional standards for protection of the privilege against self-incrimination. (reference) |
Roe v. Wade | 1973 | Contrary to appellee's contention, the natural termination of Roe's pregnancy did not moot her suit. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | Time did not compose her. |
Sylvie and Bruno Concluded | Carroll, Lewis | I did not expect, when I wrote the Preface to Vol. |
A Christmas Carol | Dickens, Charles | So did Topper when (r)he came |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | But she said it with a hesitation that did not escape the acuteness of the child |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Fantine did not appear to hear |
Absalom and Achitophel | John Dryden | Whate'er he did was done with so much ease, In him alone 't was natural to please |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | Cranly did not answer or turn |
King Richard III | Shakespeare, William | I never did her any to my knowledge |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | Maybe we got to fight to keep our land, like Pa and Grampa did. |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | And having been long used to sea voyages, those motions, although sometimes very violent, did not much discompose me. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | These children did well initially. (references) | |
Unfortunately, the benefits did not last beyond two years. (references) | ||
Try to remember that your child did not do this on purpose. (references) | ||
Business | Tariffs on U.S. products did not change. (references) | |
In neither case did permanent job loss result. (references) | ||
This appealed to women DIYers and, importantly, did not put off male shoppers either. (references) | ||
Children | Sierra Leone | There did not appear to be a strong correspondence between ethnic or regional and political cleavages. (references) |
Guatemala | Approximately 1,340,000 women and children did not have access to basic health services during the year. (references) | |
Ecuador | UNICEF reported in 1999 that one out of three children did not remain in school long enough to complete the 6th grade. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | China | Those that did not were declared illegal. (references) |
Peru | The question of first asylum did not arise. (references) | |
Uzbekistan | Local authorities did not restrict the demonstration. (references) | |
Discrimination | Congo | The previous constitutions prohibited discrimination based on ethnicity, sex, or religious affiliation; however, the Government did not enforce these prohibitions effectively and continued to act with prejudice against members of the Tutsi ethnic group. (references) |
Economic History | Croatia | This tax did not exist before. (references) |
Jamaica | The sector employs half the number it did in 1994. (references) | |
Human Rights | Guatemala | The judges did not close the case. (references) |
Venezuela | The army stated that it did not detain Rivas. (references) | |
Ethiopia | The ACHPR did not release a report by year's end. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Gabon | The Pygmies did not have adequate access to public services. (references) |
Japan | The new law did not mandate civil rights protection for the Ainu. (references) | |
Colombia | In an open letter, the AUC stated that it did not have Bedoya in its custody. (references) | |
Minorities | Cambodia | Ethnic bias did not appear to be a factor in the crime or the verdict. (references) |
Ghana | In 2000 all of those arrested were released, and the police did not charge any suspects. (references) | |
Georgia | Initially police did not respond to requests for help; however, they came to the scene once the Basilists had left. (references) | |
Political Economy | UNITED ARAB EMIRATES | Enforcement efforts did not begin in earnest until 1994. (references) |
MALAYSIA | Malaysia did not change the tariff levels after the 1996 review. (references) | |
Comoros | The coup attempt did not appear to threaten the Fomboni Agreement. (references) | |
Political Rights | Fiji | The inquiry did not relate to the November 2000 mutiny. (references) |
Jordan | The law did not include quotas for women or opposition political parties. (references) | |
Zimbabwe | Electoral officers did not operate in a fully open and transparent manner. (references) | |
Trade | Egypt | Such a right did not exist under the prior system. (references) |
Lebanon | The FATF did not remove Lebanon from the list at its June 2001 Plenary session. (references) | |
Venezuela | Effective June 14, 1999 Congress did away with the 16.5 percent wholesale tax and replaced it with a 14.5 percent value added tax. (references) | |
Travel | Eq. Guinea | Hotel space in mid 2001 was extremely tight, and hotels routinely did not honor reservations; advance booking was essential with regular follow-up to ensure the reservation was being maintained. (references) |
Women | Georgia | Police did not always investigate reports of rape. (references) |
San Marino | Reportedly most children of citizens residing abroad did not take this opportunity during the year. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Dominican Republic | The company did not lose its export license. (references) |
Tanzania | The Registrar did not use these powers during the year. (references) | |
Burkina Faso | The percentage of employed children did not diminish during the last decade. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | PREFERENCE, n. A sentiment, or frame of mind, induced by the erroneous belief that one thing is better than another. An ancient philosopher, expounding his conviction that life is no better than death, was asked by a disciple why, then, he did not die. "Because," he replied, "death is no better than life." It is longer. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Glen Campbell | You got me. I never drank when I was a kid, because if you did, you know, daddy would wear the back side of your pants out. |
Joan Lunden | I am a little nuts, but that's OK. I have a very physical life. And we did try for a number of years through the in vitro process. |
Lin Wood | They've used polygraphs on some individuals, I'm told. The Ramseys did not accept their offer to take an FBI polygraph. |
Paul Burrell | Prince Phillip did send letters to the Princess. I saw them. They were in the box of secrets. I don't know where they are now. |
Paul Harvey | Sure, I still pound every word into an IBM Selectric. I did get that far. I used a manual typewriter until a just a few years ago. |
Peter Jennings | We're having a visitation, I think, of Bishops at ABC this week to complain about the broadcast that I just did. |
Rosie O'Donnell | My brother Danny, who is gay as well, introduced me to her. He met her at a fundraiser and thought we'd hit it off, and we did. |
Rush Limbaugh | Genuine cuts did occur in the federal budget during the Clinton-Gore years in the area of defense. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | Although the proposed treaty did not arrest the progress of military preparation, it is doubtful how far the advance of the season, before good faith justified active movements, may retard them during the remainder of the year. |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | Utterly, indeed, should I despair did not the presence of many whom I here see remind me that in the other high authorities provided by our Constitution I shall find resources of wisdom, of virtue, and of zeal on which to rely under all difficulties. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | The framers of that sacred instrument had greater difficulties to overcome, and they did overcome them. |
Calvin Coolidge | 1923-1929 | As one result of this, our Navy ranks larger, in comparison, than it ever did before. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | However, the question is from where did they shoot. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | President-elect Nixon, in the days ahead, is going to need your understanding, just as I did. |
Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 | Americans did not panic or demand instant but useless cures. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | Let it be said of us that we, too, did not fail. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Two things they did made a big impression on me. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | When I called our troops into action, I did so with complete confidence in their courage and skill. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "DID" is generally used as a verb "do" (past form) -- approximately 99.98% of the time. "DID" is used about 143,277 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Verb "Do" (past form) | 99.98% | 143,253 | 70 |
| Unclassified Items | 0.02% | 23 | 72,767 |
| Total | 100.00% | 143,277 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "DID": did farewell to ♦ did you do your exercise ♦ did you drop him a line? ♦ did you get me? ♦ did you sleep well? ♦ he did it more out of spite than for the profit ♦ he did not turn a hair ♦ how did he do it? ♦ how did you fare? ♦ how did you get in? ♦ how the deuce did you find it out? ♦ i did it how i could ♦ i did not say so ♦ that i did not do it before! ♦ there! what did i tell you? ♦ they did well by him ♦ well! did you ever hear such a thing? ♦ what did you do that for? ♦ what did you say? ♦ what play did you see? ♦ where did you spring from? ♦ whom did you see? ♦ why did you do it?. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "DID": did-he, did-he-do-it. | |
Ending with "DID": d-did, re-did. | |
Containing "DID": what-did-you-call-it, when-did-you-last-see-your-father, where-did-he-go-wrong, who-did-it, who-did-what. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "DID"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | het (do have, have). (various references) | |
Albanian | bëra. (various references) | |
Arabic | فهمتني ؟ (did you get me?), لم يحرك ساكنا (he did not turn a hair), تصلب بمكانه (he did not turn a hair). (various references) | |
Chinese | 做了. (various references) | |
Croatian | jeste (are did to be). (various references) | |
Czech | neobjednala (did not order), nemìli (did not have), koho jste vidìl? (whom did you see?), jak se dostal? (how did you get in?). (various references) | |
Farsi | کرد, انجام داد. (various references) | |
Finnish | hän ei näyttäytynyt (he did not show up), ei ottanut tulta (did not catch on), kenelle sen annoit? (who did you give it to), häntä ei kuulemma hyväksytty (I hear he did not pass), hänen kävi hyvin (he did very well, he fared better than), hän teki tämän aivan yksin (he did it single-handed, she did it on her own), hän teki samaten (he did the same), hän ei tullut (etkä sinäkään, he did not come, nor did you), hän ei suvainnut vastata (he did not deign to answer), hän ei suonut minulle silmäystäkään (he did not vouchsafe me a glance), hän ei sittenkään tullut (he did not come after all), matka jäi sikseen (the trip did not materialize, the trip was abandoned), hän ei ollut milläänkään (he did not turn a hair), menettelit oikein niin sanoessasi (you did right to say so), hän ei muuta kuin itki (she did nothing but weep), hän ei hallinnut osaansa (he did not master his part), ensi työkseni luin (the first thing I did was to read), enpä osannut silloin aavistaa (little did I think then), ennätitkö junaan? (were you in time for the train? did you catch the train?), en ymmärtänyt (I did not catch what he said, mitä hän sanoi), en saanut suunvuoroa (I did not get a word in edgeways), en minä sitä saanut (etkä myöskään sinä, I did not get it, neither did you), emmekä mekään (not did we), eikä kuitenkaan tullut (and yet he did not come), hän ei sitä suorastaan sanonut (he did not exactly say so but, mutta), saitko sen? (did you get it?), tulithan sentään! (you did come after all!), teit oikein kun tulit (you did right to come), teit oikein kun menit sinne (you did right in going there), tein sen siinä luulossa, että (I did it under the impression that), tein sen ajatuksissani (I did it absent-mindedly), tein määräysten mukaisesti (I did as directed), tein (I did), tarkoitukseni ei ollut (I did not mean to, I had no intention of), sinäkö sen teit? (was it you who did it?), sillähän hän teki sen (that's why he did it), keneltä tuon sait? (who did you get that from?), se ei ollut paljon mistään kotoisin (it did not amount to much), työkseni (the first I did was to), pääsin menemästä (I did not need to go, I escaped going), oletko moista kuullut? (did you ever hear the like of that?), mitenkä (I beg your pardon?, sorry, what did you say?), miten tyttö oli puettu (what did she wear?), miten olit pukeutunut? (what did you wear?), miten ihmeessä (how did you ever), miten hän siihen suhtautui (how did he respond? what was his reaction?), mistä olet sen löytänyt (where did you find it?), minulle ei sopinut (it did not suit me, it was not convenient for me), minkänäköinen mies oli? (what did the man look like?), siitä ei ollut apua (it did not help, it had no effect, it was of no avail). (various references) | |
French | fit, fis, firent, fait, faisais, fîmes. (various references) | |
French Canadian | qu'avez-vous (what did you), avez-vous (did you, do you have). (various references) | |
German | tat (accomplishment, achievement, act, action, crime, deed, feat, feats). (various references) | |
Greek | έκανα (I did), αόρ. του do. (various references) | |
Hebrew | לא הניד עפעף (he did not turn a hair). (various references) | |
Hungarian | vmilyen eredményt ér el (done, to do), viselkedik vhogyan (done, to do), vhogyan megy (done, to do), végez vkivel (done, to do, to finish sy off), részed (done, to do, to dupe), megtesz (done, made, perform, to anticipate, to cover a distance, to do, to leave nothing undone that might help, to make, to perform), megcsinál (do, done, fix, to do, to fix, to fix up, to hack it, tool), kiszolgál vkit (done, to do, to serve sy hand and foot, to tend on sy, to tend upon sy, to wait on sy, to wait upon sy), ellát vkit (done, to do), elkészít (done, fabricate, make ready, to cook, to dispense, to do, to make ready, to make up), elér vmilyen eredményt (done, to do), csinált (done, made), cselekszik (act, do, done, take action, to act, to act counter to one's orders, to be impulsive in one's actions, to do, to go counter to one's orders, to paganize, to play the game, to run counter to one's orders, to take action). (various references) | |
Irish | thaitin (did please), níor (did not, would not be), bhfaca (did see). (various references) | |
Italian | faceva (it did). (various references) | |
Luganda | wasuze (did you sleep, your sleep), wakoze (you did), wakola (you did), twakoze (we did). (various references) | |
Malagasy | nanao. (various references) | |
Manx | ren (made). (various references) | |
Norwegian | gjorde. (various references) | |
Pidgin English | du (to do). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | idday.(various references) | |
Portuguese Brazilian | tinha (did you have), custa (costs, did cost, it costs). (various references) | |
Quechua | ruwarqanki (you did). (various references) | |
Romanian | trecut de la do. (various references) | |
Russian | делать (achieve, act, do, does, done, gamble on, made, make, perform, score, set about). (various references) | |
Scottish | rinn (a point, made, point, sharp edge). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | proš. vreme od do. (various references) | |
Slovene | nisem (I did not). (various references) | |
Somali | goormaad (when did you). (various references) | |
Sotho | entse. (various references) | |
Spanish | pret de do, past of do.. (various references) | |
Swahili | niliifanya (I did it). (various references) | |
Swedish | gjorde. (various references) | |
Tagalog | ginawa. (various references) | |
Thai | กริยาช่อง 2 ของกริยา do. (various references) | |
Tswana | direle, ne (was, would), a (are, do, let's, of, she). (various references) | |
Turkish | dediniz (did you say), nasıl gitti? (how did you fare?), nasıl geçti? (how did you fare?). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | уперше чую (well I never, you never did), та що ви (you never did), та де там (you never did). (various references) | |
Wolof | ngane (what did you say?), loo (What did you). (various references) | |
Xhosa | wenze. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Matthew Chapter 20, Verse 28 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Wsper o uioV tou anqrwpou ouk hlqen diakonhqhnai alla diakonhsai kai dounai thn yuchn autou lutron anti pollwn |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Sicut Filius hominis non venit ministrari sed ministrare et dare animam suam redemptionem pro multis |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | Swa mannes sune ne com þæt hymman þenode. ac þæt he þenode & sealde hyssawle lyf to alesendnysse for manegen. |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | As mannus sone cam not to be seruyd, but to serue, and to yyue his lijf redempcioun for manye. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | Eve as the sonne of man came not to be ministred vnto but to minister and to geve his lyfe for the redempcion of many. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | Even as the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | Even as the Son of man came not to be ministered to, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | Even as the Son of man did not come to have servants, but to be a servant, and to give his life for the salvation of men. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Matthew Chapter 20, Verse 28 |
| Cebuano | maingon nga ang Anak sa Tawo mianhi dili aron siya pag-alagaron kondili sa pag-alagad, ug sa paghalad sa iyang kinabuhi sa pagpakamatay ingon nga lukat alang sa daghan." |
| Croatian | "Tako i Sin Èovjeèji nije došao da bude služen, nego da služi i život svoj dade kao otkupninu za mnoge." |
| Danish | Ligesom Menneskesønnen ikke er kommen for at lade sig tjene, men for at tjene og give sit Liv til en Genløsning for mange." |
| Dutch | Gelijk de Zoon des mensen niet is gekomen om gediend te worden, maar om te dienen, en Zijn ziel te geven tot een rantsoen voor velen. |
| Finnish | niinkuin ei Ihmisen Poikakaan tullut palveltavaksi, vaan palvelemaan ja antamaan henkensä lunnaiksi monen edestä." |
| French | C`est ainsi que le Fils de l`homme est venu, non pour être servi, mais pour servir et donner sa vie comme la rançon de plusieurs. |
| German | gleichwie des Menschen Sohn ist nicht gekommen, daß er sich dienen lasse, sondern daß er diene und gebe sein Leben zu einer Erlösung für viele. |
| Haitian Creole | Se konsa, mwen menm, Moun Bondye voye nan lachè a, mwen pa vini pou moun rann mwen sèvis, men mwen vini pou m' rann moun sèvis. Wi, mwen vin bay lavi m' pou peye delivrans anpil moun. |
| Hungarian | Valamint az embernek Fia nem azért jött, hogy néki szolgáljanak, hanem hogy õ szolgáljon, és adja az õ életét váltságul sokakért. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Sama seperti Anak Manusia itu juga; Ia datang bukan untuk dilayani, tetapi untuk melayani, dan menyerahkan nyawa-Nya untuk membebaskan banyak orang." |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Seperti Anak manusia pun bukannya datang supaya dilayani, melainkan supaya melayani dan memberikan nyawa-Nya menjadi tebusan bagi orang banyak." |
| Italian | appunto come il Figlio dell'uomo, che non è venuto per essere servito, ma per servire e dare la sua vita in riscatto per molti». |
| Manx Gaelic | Myr nagh daink yn Mac dooinney dy ve shirveishit er, agh dy hirveish, as dy chur e vioys ny lhiassaghey son ymmodee. |
| Maori | Pera i te Tama a te tangata, kihai nei i haere mai kia mahia he mea mana, engari kia mahi ia, a kia tuku i a ia kia mate hei whakautu mo nga tangata tokomaha. |
| Norwegian | likesom Menneskesønnen ikke er kommet for å la sig tjene, men for selv å tjene og gi sitt liv til en løsepenge for mange. |
| Portuguese | assim como o Filho do homem não veio para ser servido, mas para servir, e para dar a sua vida em resgate de muitos. |
| Rumanian | Pentru cq nici Fiul omului n`a venit sq I se slujeascq, ci El sq slujeascq wi sq-Wi dea viaya ca rqscumpqrare pentru mulyi.`` |
| Shuar | Wisha Aents Ajasuitiatan, Winia Yáintkiarat tusan Táchaitjai antsu Shuáran Yáintaj tusan Táwitjai. Untsurí shuaran Tunáa tumashrin akikmatkataj tusan Jákatniuitjai. Nuna tarimjai" Tímiayi Jesus. |
| Spanish | De la misma manera, el Hijo del Hombre no vino para ser servido, sino para servir y para dar su vida en rescate por muchos. |
| Swahili | Jinsi hiyohiyo, Mwana wa Mtu hakuja kutumikiwa, bali kutumikia na kutoa maisha yake kuwa fidia ya watu wengi." |
| Swedish | likasom Människosonen har kommit, icke för att låta tjäna sig, utan för att tjäna och giva sitt liv till lösen för många." |
| Uma | Kana nituku' po'ingku-ku, Aku' Ana' Manusia'. Patuju-ku tumai hi dunia', uma bona jadi' topohawa'. Pai' -a tumai-le, bona jadi' pahawaa', duu' -na mpewai' woto-ku rapatehi mpotolo' sala' tauna to wori'." |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "DID": didact, didactic, didactical, didactically, didacticism, didacticisms, didactics, didacts, didactyl, didapper, didappers, diddle, diddled, diddler, diddlers, diddles, diddley, diddleys, diddlies, diddling, diddly, diddlysquat, didgeridoo, didgeridoos, didie, didies, didjeridoo, didjeridoos, dido, didoes, didos, didst, didy, didymium, didymiums, didymous, didynamies, didynamy. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "DID": candid, fordid, foredid, gadid, iodid, ixodid, katydid, misdid, outdid, overdid, periodid, redid, sordid, splendid, uncandid, underdid, undid. (additional references) | |
Words containing "DID": autodidact, autodidactic, autodidacts, candida, candidacies, candidacy, candidas, candidate, candidates, candidature, candidatures, candider, candidest, candidiases, candidiasis, candidly, candidness, candidnesses, candids, epididymal, epididymides, epididymis, epididymitis, epididymitises, gadids, iodide, iodides, iodids, ixodids, katydids, noncandidacies, noncandidacy, noncandidate, noncandidates, nondidactic, paradiddle, paradiddles, periodids, sordidly, sordidness, sordidnesses, splendider, splendidest, splendidly, splendidness, splendidnesses, taradiddle, taradiddles, tarradiddle, tarradiddles, uncandidly. (additional references) | |
| |
"DID" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: da-dt, daid, dald, daq, Datd, dawd, dcd, dcda, dci, ddd, ddi, ddp, ddt, deid, dex, dfd, Dfda, Dfi, Dgiii, diad, diddi, dide, didg, didi, didja, didn, didy, didya, digd, dih, diic, dij, dik, dild, Dimdi, dind, dio, diod, diq, dird, diw, diy, Djidi, dodi, doid, drid, dsir, Dudh, dudu, duid, duird, dvd, dwind, dxi, dyd, Dyf, dyid, dyk, dyv, Dyw, dyx, eid, Gdi, idd, iddm, Iddo, idid, Idt, Idw, Iid, iiid, jid, odid, qid, tdi, uid, Uidh. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "DID" (pronounced di"d or dud) |
| 3 | d i" d | redid, undid. |
| 2 | -i" d | amid, bid, counterbid, kid, lid, forbid, grid, hid, id, mid, quid, rebid, rid, skid, slid, squid. |
| 3 | d u d | abounded, acceded, accorded, abided, added, afforded, aided, alluded, amended, appended, applauded, apprehended, ascended, astounded, attended, avoided, awarded, backhanded, banded, barricaded, beaded, bearded, bedded, befriended, beheaded, bended, bladed, blended, blinded, blindfolded, blindsided, blockaded, blooded, boarded, bombarded, bonded, bounded, braided, branded, breaded, broadsided, brooded, candid, carded, cascaded, ceded, chided, clouded, coded, coincided, collided, colluded, commanded, commended, compounded, comprehended, conceded, concluded, confided, confounded, contended, corded, corresponded, corroded, crowded, decided, deeded, defended, defrauded, degraded, deluded, demanded, denuded, depended, derided, descended, disbanded, discarded, intruded, invaded, jaded, kidded, landed, larded, lauded, leaded, lightheaded, loaded, lopsided, disregarded, dissuaded, distended, divided, downgraded, downloaded, dreaded, dumbfounded, eluded, embedded, encoded, ended, enshrouded, eroded, evaded, evenhanded, exceeded, excluded, expanded, expended, exploded, expounded, extended, extruded, exuded, faded, fended, feuded, fielded, flooded, folded, forwarded, founded, funded, gilded, glided, goaded, graded, grounded, guarded, guided, handed, hardheaded, headed, heeded, heralded, herded, hoarded, homesteaded, hooded, hounded, imbedded, impeded, imploded, impounded, included, intended, interceded, masterminded, melded, mended, minded, misguided, molded, muddleheaded, needed, nodded, offended, outmoded, overcrowded, overextended, overfunded, overloaded, padded, paraded, persuaded, pervaded, pleaded, plodded, pounded, preceded, precluded, prerecorded, presided, pretended, prided, proceeded, prodded, propounded, provided, raided, railroaded, rebounded, receded, recommended, recorded, redheaded, refunded, regarded, reloaded, remanded, reminded, remolded, reprimanded, rescinded, resided, responded, retarded, rewarded, rounded, safeguarded, sanded, scalded, scolded, seceded, secluded, seconded, seeded, serenaded, shaded, shepherded, shielded, shredded, shrouded, sided, skidded, sordid, sounded, spearheaded, speeded, splendid, stampeded, stranded, studded, subdivided, subsided, succeeded, superseded, surrounded, suspended, tended, threaded, traded, transcended, trended, unaided, unamended, unattended, unbounded, unbranded, undecided, underfunded, underhanded, undivided, unexploded, unfolded, unfounded, unfunded, unguarded, unheeded, unheralded, unimpeded, unintended, unleaded, unloaded, unneeded, unrecorded, upbraided, upgraded, voided, wadded, waded, warded, wedded, weeded, welded, wielded, winded, wooded, worded, wounded, wrongheaded, yielded. |
| 2 | -u d | abrogated, abstracted, abutted, accelerated, accented, accentuated, accepted, acclimated, accommodated, abated, abbreviated, abdicated, abducted, abetted, aborted, accosted, accounted, accredited, accumulated, acid, acquainted, acquitted, acrid, acted, activated, adapted, addicted, adjudicated, adjusted, admitted, adopted, adulterated, advocated, affected, affiliated, afflicted, affronted, aggravated, aggregated, agitated, airlifted, alerted, alienated, alleviated, allocated, allotted, alternated, amalgamated, ameliorated, amounted, amputated, angulated, anhydride, animated, annelid, annihilated, annotated, anointed, antacid, anted, anticipated, antiquated, aphid, appointed, appreciated, appropriated, approximated, arachnid, Aramid, arbitrated, arid, arrested, articulated, aspirated, assassinated, assaulted, asserted, assimilated, assisted, associated, assorted, attempted, attenuated, attested, attracted, attributed, audited, augmented, authenticated, automated, averted, avid, awaited, backdated, baited, ballad, bankrupted, bated, batted, belated, belted, benefited, benefitted, benighted, berated, bested, bicuspid, bifurcated, bigoted, blacklisted, blanketed, blasted, blighted, bloated, blunted, blurted, boasted, boated, bolted, boosted, booted, boycotted, breasted, budgeted, busted, caffeinated, calculated, calibrated, capitulated, captivated, carbonated, carbureted, carotid, carpeted, carted, castigated, castrated, catapulted, celebrated, cemented, chanted, charted, chatted, cheated, chested, chlorinated, circuited, circulated, circumvented, cited, closeted. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "d-d-i" | |
-1 letter: id. | |
| Words containing the letters "d-d-i" | |
+1 letter: dido, didy, died. | |
+2 letters: aided, biddy, bided, diced, didie, didos, didst, diked, dildo, dined, diode, dived, dried, droid, druid, gaddi, gadid, giddy, hided, idled, iodid, kiddo, kiddy, middy, nided, redid, sided, tided, undid, widdy. | |
+3 letters: abided, addict, adding, alidad, baddie, bedrid, bidden, bidder, birded, bodied, caddie, caddis, candid, chided, cuddie, decide, defied, deiced, denied, deride, desmid, devoid, diacid, diadem, dialed, dibbed, didact, diddle, diddly, didies, didoes, dieted, digged, dikdik, dildoe, dildos, dilled, dimmed, dindle, dinged, dinked, dinned, dinted, diodes, dioxid, dipody, dipped, dirdum, dirked, dirled, dirndl, disbud, disced, dished, disked, dissed, divide, doiled, doited, dreidl, droids, druids, duddie, duding, dudish, dwined, dyadic, eddied, eddies, edited, elided, fiddle, fiddly, fidged, fordid, gaddis, gadids, gadoid, giddap, gilded, girded, glided, grided, guided, hidden, hoddin, hydrid, indeed, indued, iodide, iodids, ixodid, kidded, kidder, kiddie, kiddos, kidvid, laddie, lidded, mediad, midday, midden, middle, minded, misadd, misdid, oddish, oddity, outdid, piddle, piddly, prided, raided, ridded, ridden, ridder, riddle, ridged, rinded, siddur, sidled, skiddy, sordid, tiddly, tidied, voided, waddie, widder, widdie, widdle, winded, zaddik. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Images: Digital Art 8. Quotations: Familiar | 9. Quotations: Historic 10. Quotations: Fiction 11. Quotations: Non-fiction 12. Quotations: Spoken | 13. Quotations: Speeches 14. Usage Frequency 15. Expressions 16. Expressions: Internet | 17. Translations: Modern 18. Bible Trace 19. Abbreviations 20. Acronyms | 21. Derivations 22. Rhymes 23. Anagrams 24. Bibliography |
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