Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Counter |
CounterAdjective1. Indicating opposition or resistance. Adverb1. In the opposite direction; "run counter". Noun1. Table consisting of a horizontal surface over which business is transacted. 2. Game equipment used in various card or board games. 3. A calculator that keeps a record of the number of times something happens. 4. A piece of furniture that stands at the side of a dining room; has shelves and drawers. 5. (computer science) a register whose contents go through a regular series of states (usually states indicating consecutive integers). 6. The piece of leather that fits the heel. 7. Piece of leather forming the back of a shoe or boot. 8. A return punch. Verb1. Speak in response; "He countered with some very persuasive arguments". 2. Act in advance of; deal with ahead of time. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "counter" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Industry | A reinforcement placed between outside and lining at the back of the shoe to prevent the upper collapsing and the heel moring. Source: European Union. (references) |
Aerospace | A device capable of changing from one to the next of a sequence of distinguishable states upon each receipt of an input signal. Also called accumulator. (references) |
Building & Civil Engineering | Flat working space on the top of kitchen equipment or furnishings. Source: European Union. (references) |
Computing | A device with a finite number of states each of which represents a number that can be increased by unity or by a given constant, upon receipt of an appropriate signal; the device is usually capable of bringing the number represented to a specified value, for example, zero. Source: European Union. (references) |
| Incrementing count used between two parties to control successive key distributions under a particular key enciphering key. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| A variable whose content is a number. On receipt of an appropriate signal, it causes the number represented in it to be increased by a unity or a given constant. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Dream Interpretation | To dream of counters, foretells that active interest will debar idleness from infecting your life with unhealthful desires. To dream of empty and soiled counters, foretells unfortunate engagements which will bring great uneasiness of mind lest your interest will be wholly swept away. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Electrical Engineering | An electronic unit, used for logic purposes, which counts the number of inputs presented to it. Source: European Union. (references) |
| A generic term for a system(such as a Geiger counter or scintillation counter)that indicates or records the number of the physical events it is designed to register in a prescribed time interval. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Energy | A general designation applied to radiation detection instruments or survey meters that detect and measure radiation. The signal that announces an ionization event is called a count. (references) |
Food & Agriculture | The portion of the ship's stern between the knuckle and the waterline. The underside of the stern overhang abaft the rudder. Source: European Union. (references) |
Industry | The key that is used in the distribution of the interlacings when plotting a satin weave on design paper. By means of the counter the correct warp end and filling pick interlacing is determine d. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mining | A. A gangway driven obliquely upwards on a coal seam from the main gangway until it cuts off the faces of the workings, and then continues parallel with the main gangway. The oblique portion is called run. b. A crossvein. c. An instrument for the detection of uranium and thorium d. A term used for any device that registers radioactive events, i.e., alpha counter, beta counter, Geiger-Mueller counter, scintillation counter. The term is correctly used only for devices that actually register number of events, but is often erroneously applied to count rate meters that register events per unit time. e. An apparatus for recording the number of strokes made by a pump, anengine, or other machinery. i.e., alpha counter, beta counter, Geiger-Mueller counter, scintillation counter. The term is correctly used only for devices that actually register number of events, but is often erroneously applied to count rate meters that register events per unit time. e. An apparatus for recording the number of strokes made by a pump, anengine, or other machinery. (references) |
Occupations | Performs any combination of following duties to tally products or raw materials, such as field crops, fish, livestock, typewriter and watch parts, and steel ingots, received from suppliers or by and from workers, for payroll, payment, and production control purposes, using weight scales, counting devices, and tally sheets: Computes and records totals of tallied figures, using adding machine. Examines and sorts items tallied. Records number and types of defects for quality control purposes. Counts sample quantity of parts onto ratio balance scale and computes total number of parts. Issues receipts. Moves tallied items to storage, shipping, or production areas, manually or by handtruck. May be required to have weigh master's license. May be designated according to product tallied as Apple Checker (agriculture); Boxcar Weigher (railroad equip.); Cotton Weigher (agriculture); Fish Checker (can. & preserv.); Ingot Weigher (steel & rel.); Livestock Counter (agriculture); Lumber Checker (woodworking); Parts Counter-Weigher (clock & watch; electron. comp.; office machines). (references) |
Publishing & Graphic Arts | The sunken part within and around the face. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A counter is a type of memory considered in computability theory. A counter stores a single natural number (initially zero) and can be arbitrarily-many digits long. A counter is usually considered in conjunction with a finite state machine (FSM), which can perform the following operations on the counter:
- Check whether the counter is zero
- Increment the counter by one
- Decrement the counter by one (if it's already zero, this leaves it unchanged)
Power
The following machines are listed in order of power, with each one being strictly more powerful than the one below it:For the first and last, it doesn't matter whether the FSM is deterministic or non-deterministic (see determinism). They have equivalent power. The first two and the last one are levels of the Chomsky hierarchy.
- Deterministic or Non-deterministic FSM plus two counters
- Non-deterministic FSM plus one stack
- Non-deterministic FSM plus one counter
- Deterministic FSM plus one counter
- Deterministic or Non-deterministic FSM
The first machine, an FSM plus two counters, is equivalent in power to a Turing machine. This equivalence can be shown in three steps. First, a Turing machine can be simulated by two stacks. Then, a stack can be simulated by two counters. Finally, four counters can be simulated by two counters.
Step 1: A Turing machine can be simulated by two stacks.
A Turing machine consists of an FSM and an infinite tape, initially filled with zeros, upon which the machine can write ones and zeros. At any time, the read/write head of the machine points to one cell on the tape. This tape can be conceptually cut in half at that point. Each half of the tape can be treated as a stack, where the top is the cell nearest the read/write head, and the bottom is some distance away from the head, with all zeros on the tape beyond the bottom. Accordingly, a Turing machine can be simulated by an FSM plus two stacks. Moving the head left or right is equivalent to popping a bit from one stack and pushing it onto the other. Writing is equivalent to changing the bit before pushing it.Step 2: A stack can be simulated by two counters.
A stack containing zeros and ones can be simulated by two counters, when the bits on the stack are thought of as representing a binary number, with the top being the least significant bit. Pushing a zero onto the stack is equivalent to doubling the number. Pushing a one is equivalent to doubling and adding 1. Popping is equivalent to dividing by 2, where the remainder is the bit that was popped. Two counters can simulate this stack, in which one of the counters holds a number whose binary representation represents the bits on the stack, and the other counter is used as a scratchpad. To double the number in the first counter, the FSM can initialize the second counter to zero, then repeatedly decrement the first counter once and increment the second counter twice. This continues until the first counter reaches zero. At that point, the second counter will hold the doubled number. Halving is performed by decrementing one counter twice and increment the other once, and repeating until the first counter reaches zero. The remainder can be determined by whether it reached zero after an even or an odd number of tries.
Step 3: Four counters can be simulated by two counters.
As before, one of the counters is used as scratchpad. The other, real counter holds an integer whose prime factorization is 2a3b5c7d. The exponents a, b, c, and d can be thought of as four virtual counters that are being simulated. If the real counter is set to zero then incremented once, that is equivalent to setting all the virtual counters to zero. If the real counter is doubled, that is equivalent to incrementing a, and if it's halved, that's equivalent to decrementing a. By a similar procedure, it can be multiplied or divided by 3, which is equivalent to incrementing or decrementing b. Similarly, c and d can be incremented or decremented. To check if a virtual counter such as c is equal to zero, just divide the real counter by 5, see what the remainder is, then multiply by 5 and add back the remainder. That leaves the real counter unchanged. The remainder will have been nonzero if and only if c was zero.As a result, an FSM with two counters can simulate four counters, which are in turn simulating two stacks, which are simulating a Turing machine. Therefore, an FSM plus two counters is at least as powerful as a Turing machine. A Turing machine can easily simulate an FSM with two counters, therefore the two machines have equivalent power.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Counter."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| G Counter | English | Geiger Counter | Industry, Meteorology & Standards |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: CounterSynonyms: antagonistic (adj), buffet (n), counterpunch (n), heel (n), parry (n), sideboard (n), tabulator (n), anticipate (v), foresee (v), forestall (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Contrariety | Adjective: contrary, contrarious, contrariant; opposite, counter, dead against; converse, reverse; opposed, contrasted, antipodean, antagonistic, opposing; conflicting, inconsistent, contradictory, at cross purposes; negative; hostile. differing toto coelo; diametrically opposite; diametrically opposed; as opposite as black and white, as opposite as light and darkness, as opposite as fire and water, as opposite as the poles; as different as night and day; " Hyperion to a satyr"; quite the contrary, quite the reverse;no such thing, just the other way, tout au contraire. |
Indication | Badge, criterion; countercheck, countermark, countersign, counterfoil; duplicate, tally; label, ticket, billet, letter, counter, check, chip, chop; dib; totem; tessera, card, bill; witness, voucher; stamp; cacher; trade mark, Hall mark. |
Mart | Wharf; office, chambers, countinghouse, bureau; counter, compter. |
Number | Noun: number, symbol, numeral, figure, cipher, digit, integer; counter; round number; formula; function; series. |
Support | Board, ledge, shelf, hob, bracket, trevet, trivet, arbor, rack; mantel, mantle piece, mantleshelf; slab, console; counter, dresser; flange, corbel; table, trestle; shoulder; perch; horse; easel, desk; clotheshorse, hatrack; retable; teapoy. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Time enough to counter Sauron if we act quickly (The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring; writing credit: Frances Walsh) I'm barely able to look over the counter. How can I make a reservation for a hotel room (Home Alone 2: Lost in New York; writing credit: John Hughes) A burglar tried to break into my friend's house, fell through a skylight, and cut his leg on a knife on the kitchen counter. He sued her and won $6,000 (Liar Liar; writing credit: Paul Guay; Stephen Mazur) Our home food dispenser broke and I had to wait 20 seconds at the check out counter, such inefficiency (The Jetsons; writing credit: Aarne Tarkas) Dizzy Harrison, please pick your balls up and scrotum, that's balls and scrotum at counter 5. (The New Guy; writing credit: David Kendall) | |
Lyrics | But she caught me on the counter (It Wasn't Me; performing artist: Shaggy) Over the counter with a shotgun (Desire; performing artist: U2) | |
Clever | Two Sisters Reunited after 18 Years in Checkout Counter (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Counter Etiquette. Part 2 (1967) Under the Counter Spy (1954) Bargain Counter Attack (1946) Over the Counter (1932) The Counter Jumper (1922) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | (9) color slides show the tip of the Coulter counter in a buffer solution, counting cells in solution. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |  | From an overhead angle, 2 pieces of red meat are shown with a knife on a cutting board, sitting on a white tile counter. Above the image, red lettering reads: "Choose lean meats, trim extra fats, avoid adding fat in cooking". Shot on 4x5 format. This was used in the 1989 calendar "Eat for Good Health" February 1989. See artwork: PV-19. Credit: Bill Branson (photographer). |
 | Pictured is a researcher seated in front of a scintillation counter. This device measures radioactivity incorporated into a cell culture. The researcher is looking up at the screen. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |  | A woman sits at the kitchen counter talking on the phone, her appointment book open in front of her. See artwork: GR-42. Credit: Bill Branson (photographer). |
 | A woman, a boy and a girl sit at a kitchen counter preparing vegetables. See artwork: PV-44. Credit: Bill Branson (photographer). |  | Particle impactor to study atmospheric particulate matter; Aiken condensation nuclei counter, and Dupont humidity sensor. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | A condensation nuclei counter inside the observatory building. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | Figure 60. Joe Soundings sounder. This device was described in nautical magazine in 1832 by an individual with the pen name "Joe Soundings." It used a counter incremented by a propeller to measure the distance to the bottom. It is similar to the Massey sounder and Massey is sometimes cited as the inventor. There is no information concerning testing or use of this instrument. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
 | PRINCESS ALICE sounding machine. The mechanic Le Tac is behind the sounding wire reel. Dr. Richard looks at the counter which registers the depth reached. Plate I print 13. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |  | Mary Emerick checking traffic counter. Credit: Scott Moore. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Small counter 2" by Nick Lobeck Commentary: "If you need another number combination, contact me: nick@voo.ch." | "Receptionist" by Muid Latif Commentary: "A simple shot of receptionist counter." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption | Play | Caption |
 | Steel strings guitar with piano counter melody creating a new age style texture. | | Cash counter counting out bills and finishing with a high-pitched beep. |
| Chipmunks knocking plates off a kitchen counter; plates crashing to the floor. | | Metal pot falling off the counter onto the floor. |
| Coin dropping onto a counter. | ||
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Denis Diderot | The decisions of law courts should never be printed: in the long run, they form a counter authority to the law. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | He laid his book on the counter and passed out, his wellshod feet sounding flatly on the floor |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | Beer taps behind the counter, and in back the coffee urns, shiny and steaming with glass gauges showing the coffee level |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Never defrost food on the kitchen counter. (references) | |
Thaw meat in the refrigerator, not on the kitchen counter. (references) | ||
It is sold over the counter and also comes in prescription-strength preparations. (references) | ||
Business | Less than 8 percent of all money transfers are still made the old fashioned way, over the bank counter. (references) | |
This trend runs counter to the U.S. where the market has shifted from minivans to large sports utility vehicles. (references) | ||
Circular in motion, the cycle is dependent on the counter flow of payments for the onward flow of services for sustainability. (references) | ||
Children | Mongolia | In conjunction with efforts to counter violence against women, NGO's have begun to address the issue. (references) |
Moldova | While not technically illegal, such charges run counter to the educational platform of the Government and result in many children being kept at home by their parents. (references) | |
Benin | Press reports of infanticide were up sharply during the year, and some NGO's are combining their anti-infanticide efforts with programs to counter FGM. Persons with Disabilities Although the Constitution provides that the State should care for persons with disabilities, the Government does not mandate accessibility for them. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Belarus | The Lukashenka regime did little to counter the spread of anti-Semitic literature. (references) |
Kyrgyz Republic | The newspaper lodged a counter suit against Usubaliev; the judge ruled in favor of the counter suit. (references) | |
Zimbabwe | In 2000 war veterans reportedly singled out journalists for attack during a counter demonstration against a NCA peace march. (references) | |
Economic History | Australia | Australia maintains a thorough system of laws and regulations designed to counter corruption. (references) |
Peru | Over the counter purchases are done in cash (U.S. dollars are widely accepted), check or credit card. (references) | |
India | Other regional exchanges and the National Over the Counter Exchange of India also have computer-trading systems. (references) | |
Human Rights | Belarus | Contracts used by the Ministry of Communications for supplying telephone service forbid subscribers from using telephone communications for purposes that run counter to state interests and public order. (references) |
Congo | The defense has access to prosecution evidence and testimony and the right to counter it. In formal courts defendants are presumed innocent and have the right of appeal; however, the legal caseload far exceeded the capacity of the judiciary to ensure fair and timely trials. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Bangladesh | Government leaders counter that voting is a fundamental right and that citizens cannot be disenfranchised from the election process. (references) |
Minorities | Czech Republic | In May the Ministry of Interior announced a forceful effort to counter the neo-Nazis, which included increased monitoring of their activities, closer cooperation with police units in neighboring countries, and concentrated efforts to shut down unauthorized concerts and gatherings of neo-Nazi groups. (references) |
Political Economy | FINLAND | In excluded sectors, particularly defense, counter trade is actively practiced. (references) |
VENEZUELA | In early September, however, the Central Bank of Venezuela significantly reduced monetary liquidity to counter pressure on the local currency. (references) | |
Trade | Mexico | It undertakes the credit assessment and risk since it effectively counter guarantees the loans it makes. (references) |
Chad | Counter trade (barter) requires contractual linked reciprocal import/export transactions between two enterprises and countries. (references) | |
Kuwait | Detailed questions on the offset program should be referred to the Commercial Service office at the American Embassy in Kuwait, and the Ministry of Finance, Counter Trade & Offset Program Executive Office. (references) | |
Travel | Argentina | Remise services have counter at the airport. (references) |
Sri Lanka | The deposit is refunded at the time of departure at the Customs counter at the airport. (references) | |
Cote D'ivoire | The rates vary per range of consumption and according to the diameter of the counter used from 19 cents/m3 to 60 cents/m3. (references) | |
Women | Bangladesh | Two NGO's lead the effort to counter acid violence: Naripokhkho ("Pro-Woman") and the Acid Survivors' Foundation. (references) |
India | In some districts of Tamil Nadu, female infanticide occurs despite government and NGO programs intended to counter the practice. (references) | |
Netherlands | As the largest employer, the Government has taken measures to counter harassment among civil servants, including in the police force. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Burma | A number of NGO's offer poverty alleviation and education programs designed to counter trafficking. (references) |
Chile | Union leaders counter that the Labor Code--which does not allow union shops--prevents successful organization in many sectors. (references) | |
Djibouti | The Djiboutian Labor Congress (CIDJITRA), composed of Ministry of Labor officials, created by the Government to counter the UDT and UGTD, did not appear to exist any longer. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Dwight Eisenhower | 1953-1961 | To counter the threat of those who seek to rule by force, we must pay the costs of our own needed military strength, and help to build the security of others. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | You meet heroes across a counter--and they are on both sides of that counter. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Counter" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 70.32% of the time. "Counter" is used about 2,198 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 70.32% | 1,545 | 5,300 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 24.45% | 537 | 11,465 |
| Adverb (general) | 4.09% | 90 | 34,744 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 1.09% | 24 | 71,196 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 0.05% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 2,198 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "counter" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Counter | Last name | 300 | 24,796 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
Expressions using "counter": ad across the counter ♦ airline ticket counter ♦ another lie nailed to the counter ♦ automatic counter ♦ bar counter ♦ bargain counter ♦ belle counter tube ♦ binary counter ♦ boron counter tube ♦ buy over the counter ♦ check in counter ♦ checkin counter ♦ checkout counter ♦ Colony counter ♦ condensation nucleus counter ♦ congested route counter ♦ contravene counter evidence ♦ counter act ♦ counter air operation ♦ counter appeal ♦ Counter approach ♦ counter attack ♦ counter balancing ♦ counter berm ♦ Counter bond ♦ Counter brace ♦ counter clerk ♦ counter clockwise ♦ Counter deed ♦ counter demonstration ♦ Counter distinction ♦ Counter drain ♦ counter duty ♦ counter electromotive force ♦ counter emf ♦ counter espionage ♦ counter evidence ♦ Counter extension ♦ Counter fissure ♦ counter foil ♦ counter force ♦ counter guerilla warfare ♦ Counter indication ♦ counter intelligence ♦ Counter irritant ♦ Counter irritation ♦ counter jumper ♦ counter model,type I ♦ counter model,type II ♦ counter nut ♦ Counter opening ♦ counter order ♦ counter P ♦ Counter parole ♦ Counter plea ♦ Counter potent ♦ counter pressure ♦ Counter project ♦ Counter proof ♦ counter proposal ♦ counter Reformation ♦ counter revolution ♦ counter revolutionary ♦ Counter revolutionist ♦ Counter round ♦ Counter sea ♦ counter security ♦ Counter sense ♦ Counter signal ♦ Counter signature ♦ Counter slope ♦ Counter statement ♦ counter sunk hole ♦ Counter surety ♦ Counter tally ♦ counter tenor ♦ Counter tide ♦ counter to ♦ counter to all rules ♦ counter top ♦ counter tube ♦ counter type a/d converter ♦ counter type analog/digital converter ♦ counter type analogue/digital converter ♦ counter unit ♦ Counter vair ♦ Counter weight ♦ counter wills ♦ crystal counter ♦ currency counter ♦ dispatch counter ♦ drop counter ♦ electronic counter counter measures ♦ electronic impulse counter ♦ Geiger counter ♦ GM counter ♦ go counter ♦ go counter to ♦ hand and foot counter ♦ impulse counter ♦ issuing counter. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "counter": counter-account, counter-accusation, counter-accusations, counter-act, counter-acted, counter-action, counter-adaptation, counter-adaptations, counter-addresses, counter-advance, counter-agent, counter-agents, counter-allegations, counter-alleged, counter-alliances, counter-ambush, counter-argued, counter-argument, counter-arguments, counter-assassination, counter-assert, counter-assertion, counter-assertions, counter-assumptions, counter-attack, counter-attacked, counter-attacking, counter-attacks, counter-attempt, counter-attitudes, counter-attitudinal, counter-attraction, counter-attractions, counter-attributes, counter-balance, counter-balanced, counter-balances, counter-balancing, counter-bargaining, counter-battery, counter-bid, counter-blast, counter-block, counter-blow, counter-blows, counter-bored, counter-case, counter-caster, counter-change, counter-changes, counter-charge, counter-charges, counter-check, counter-cheers, counter-cinema, counter-city, counter-claim, counter-claimed, counter-claims, counter-clerk, counter-clockwise, counter-colonialist, counter-colonisation, counter-communism, Counter-compony, counter-consideration, counter-constructive, Counter-couchant, counter-counter-establishment, counter-countermeasures, counter-countermeasures, counter-counter-themes, counter-coups, Counter-courant, counter-course, counter-criticisms, counter-critique, counter-cultural, counter-culturalists, counter-culture, counter-cultures, counter-current, counter-currents, counter-cyclical, counter-cyclically, counter-deals, counter-decisions, counter-declaration, counter-deformation, counter-democratic, counter-demonstrate, counter-demonstration, counter-demonstrations, counter-demonstrators, counter-devices, counter-diagonal, counter-directed, counter-directions, counter-draft, counter-drill, counter-earth, counter-economy, counter-education, counter-effective, counter-elite, counter-embassy, counter-equatorial, counter-espionage, counter-espionage service, counter-establishment, counter-evidence, counter-example, counter-examples, counter-expertise, counter-factual, counter-force, counter-gift, counter-gifts, counter-girl, counter-grandadology, counter-guarantees, counter-guerilla, counter-guerrilla, counter-hand, counter-hegemonic, counter-hegemonical, counter-hegemony, counter-historical, counter-history, counter-ideologies, counter-ideology, counter-indemnities, counter-indemnity, counter-inflation, counter-inflationary, counter-insistence, counter-instance, counter-insurgency, counter-insurgents, counter-intellectual, counter-intelligence, counter-interrogation, counter-intimidation, counter-intuitive, counter-intuitively, counter-invention, counter-ions, counter-irritant, counter-irritating, counter-irritation, counter-jumper, counter-like, counter-magic, counter-magnet, counter-manded, counter-marching, counter-mark, counter-marking, counter-measure, counter-measures, counter-melodies, counter-melody, counter-memory, counter-mines, counter-mining, counter-mobilisation, counter-mockery, counter-modernism, counter-move, counter-movement, counter-moves, counter-notice, counter-objection, counter-offensive, counter-offensives, counter-offer, counter-offers, counter-opposing, counter-order, counter-orders, counter-organisations, Counter-paly, counter-pane, counter-parallel, counter-parallelisms, counter-part, counter-parties, counter-parts, counter-pastoral, counter-petition, counter-plans, counter-plot, counter-plots, counter-plotting, counter-polemic, counter-position, counter-positions, counter-power, counter-preparations, counter-pressure, counter-pressures, counter-process, counter-processes, counter-productive, counter-productively, counter-programme, counter-project, counter-promise, counter-propaganda, counter-proposal, counter-proposals, counter-proposition, counter-protection, counter-protectionism, counter-punch, counter-punched, counter-punching, counter-purchase, counter-purchased, counter-queue, counter-raid, counter-raids, counter-reaction, counter-reasons, counter-rebellion, counter-reconnaissance, counter-reference, counter-reform, counter-reformation, Counter-reformers, counter-regulatory, counter-remark, counter-reply, counter-response, counter-restitution, counter-reversible, counter-revolution, counter-revolutionaries, counter-revolutionary, counter-revolutionhad, counter-revolutions, counter-rioters, Counter-roll, counter-rumour, counter-rumours, counter-sabotage, Counter-salient, counter-sciences, counter-security, counter-service, counter-shaded, counter-shading, counter-shaft, counter-shots, counter-sign, counter-signature, counter-signed, counter-signing, counter-signs, counter-smear, counter-smears, counter-sniper, counter-sounds, counter-sources, counter-spell, counter-sphere, counter-stain, counter-stance, counter-stances, counter-staring, counter-statement, counter-statements, counter-stereotypes, counter-stratagem, counter-strategies, counter-strategy, counter-stream, counter-strength, counter-strike, counter-striking, counter-stroke, counter-style, counter-subject, counter-subjects, counter-submission, counter-subversion, counter-subversive, counter-sue, counter-sued, Counter-sues, counter-suggestibility, counter-suggestion, counter-suing, counter-sunk, Counter-systems, counter-tactic, counter-tactics, counter-taunts, counter-tendencies, counter-tendency, counter-tenor, Counter-tenor clef, counter-tenors, counter-terror, counter-terrorism, counter-terrorist, counter-theatre, counter-theme, counter-themes, counter-theory, counter-thesis, counter-thoughts, counter-threat, counter-thrust, counter-ticket, counter-top, counter-tops, counter-trade, counter-tradition, counter-urbanization, counter-valuation, counter-violence, counter-vision, counter-warning, counter-warnings, counter-weight, counter-weighted, counter-weighting, counter-wide. | |
Ending with "counter": bar-counter, over-the-counter, rev-counter, under-the-counter. | |
Containing "counter": electronic counter-countermeasures, over-the-counter drug, over-the-counter market, over-the-counter medication, over-the-counter medicine, over-the-counter stock, over-the-counter stocks, over-the-counter-medicines, point-counter-point. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "counter"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | toonbank. (various references) | |
Albanian | sahat (clock, horologe, meter, ticker, watch), pullë (blotch, check, chip, slug, stamp), numëratore (numerator), njehsor (meter, register), kundërshtoj (censure, challenge, combat, condemn, contest, contradict, controvert, cross, demur, deprecate, discountenance, discourage, dispute, flout, fly in the face of, gainsay, impugn, kick, mind, object, oppose, oppugn, protest, react, rebel, rebuke, rebut, recalcitrate, refuse, resist, retort, set one's face against, stick to, stickle, Stonewall, take exception to), kundër (across from, against, con, contra, in exchange for, opposed to, opposite, upon, versus), imitacion monedhe, ia kthej goditjen, i kundërt (adverse, antagonistic, backward, contrariety, contrary, converse, cross, dissonant, divergent, negative, opposed, opposite, polar, reverse), banak (bar, buffet, desk, stand, tabouret). (various references) | |
Arabic | منضدة في دكان, معكوس (converse, inverse, negative, opposite, reverse), معاكس (adverse, contrary, counteractive, cross, opposite, untoward), مضاد (antagonistic, anti-, antithesis, contra, contrary, contrast, converse, reverse), قاوم (combat, fight, hold, hold one's own, hold out, oppose, protest against, resist, set one's face against, stand, struggle, withstand), عكسي (adverse, inverse, reciprocal, retrograde, reverse), عكاس (hard up), على نحو مضاد (crosswise), عداد (gage, meter, numerator, register, timer), ضربة مضادة, ضد (against, anti, con-, contra, converse, inverse, opposite, versus, with), آلة صغيرة (gadget), رد (answer, answer back, beat, disallow, drive back, pay, pay back, put off, rebound, rebuff, rebut, rebuttal, rejoinder, render, repay, repayment, repercussion, reply, respond, response, retrieve, return, reverberate, reversion, riposte, spurn, turn away), شباك موظف البنك. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | обратно (back, contrariwise, inversely, obversely, right about, vice versa), предница на кон (forehand), противоположен (adversative, antithetic, antithetical, contrary, converse, inverse, inversive, obverse, opponent, opposing, opposite, reverse), противопоставям се (object, react, resist), пул (chip, piece, stone), броител (numerator, registrator), брояч (indicator, meter, register), жетон (check, chip, fish, jetton, token), извита задна част на кораб, обратен (back, backward, contrary, converse, cross, inverse, inversive, obverse, opposite, reactive, reciprocal, retrograde, return, reverse, wrong), удар (bang, bat, blow, buff, buffet, butt, chop, clash, clump, cut, dint, go off, hit, impact, impingement, jab, jar, keystroke, knock, pass, pelt, percussion, push, rap, shake, shock, shy, smack, smash, strike, stroke, thrust, touch, turn, whack, whiplash, wipe), отблъсквам (avert, beat off, drive back, estrange, fight off, foil, head off, jar, press back, push away, push back, put off, rebuff, reject, repulse, resist, spurn, stave off, throw back, thrust aside, turn off, ward), гише (pay desk), таксиметър (taximeter), тезгях (bench), форт (presidio), чип (chip, pug nosed, retrousse, snub), щанд (stall, stand), спирачка (brake, deterrent, drag, restraint, stopper), насрещен (adverse, cross, crosswind, foul, head, oncoming, opposite, unfavorable, unfavourable). (various references) | |
Chinese | 計數者 , 計數器 (register), 碼字 (digit, numeral), 籌 (a tally, devise, manage, plan, sheath around joints of bamboo, ticket), 柜台, 櫃臺 , 櫃檯 (bar), 案子 (judicial case, law case, legal case, long table). (various references) | |
Czech | vrátit (give back, hand back, put back, remit, repay, restore, retrieve, return, take back, turn back), pult (bar, stand), poèítaè (computer), přepážka (bulkhead, partition), pøepážky, opaèný (adverse, contrary, converse, inverse, opposite, reverse), okénko (serving hatch, sight, slot, window), odpovìdìt (answer, rejoin, reply, say), obrácený (inverse, revers, reverse, turned over, upside down), kontrovat, hrací známka, žeton (chip), èelit (brave, confront, face, make head, meet, oppose). (various references) | |
Danish | taeller (counter unit, ENUM, enumerator), tælleværk (register), tæller, tælleindretning (counting device), tælleapparat (counting device), skudtæller, haelekappe (stiffener), haele forstaerkning (stiffener), gilling (fantail). (various references) | |
Dutch | toonbank. (various references) | |
Esperanto | vendotablo. (various references) | |
Farsi | پیشخوان(.adv&.adj), معکوس (Contrary, Inverse, Obverse, Reverse, Setback, Upsidedown), معامله بمثل کردن با, تلافی کردن (Avenge, Pay, Reciprocate, Recoup, Reprisal, Retaliate), ضربت متقابل , جواب دادن (Answer), شمارنده (Computer, Numerator), درجهت مخالف (Viceversa), درروبرو, بساط (Layout, Stall), بالعکس . (various references) | |
Finnish | tiski, tarjoilupöytä (bar, sideboard), pelimarkka (chip), mittari (gauge), laskuri (counter unit, counting device), laskukone (calculating machine), laskin (calculator), laskijalaite. (various references) | |
French | compteur (counting device), jeton. (various references) | |
German | Zähler (counters, enumerator, meter, numeraire, numerator, tally), Ladentisch. (various references) | |
Greek | κν.φόρτι (stiffener), συσκευή μετρήσεως (counting device), γκισέ, μετρητήσ (calibrator, gauge, gauger, measurer, meter, register, teller), μετρητής (gauge, meter, metronome), μάρκα χαρτοπαιξία, μονάδα απαρίθμησης (counter unit), πάγκοσ (bench), φτέρνα φοντιού (stiffener), απαριθμητήσ, απαριθμητής (counter unit), αψίδα πρύμνης (fantail), τράπεζα καταστήματοσ, θυρίδα (locker, valve, wicket). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מונה (gauge, meter, register), מנוגד (antithetic, contrary, converse, incompatible, opposite, reverse), דלפק (bar, tripod), דוכן (booth, dais, platform, stand, table). (various references) | |
Hungarian | zseton (check, chip, dump, marker, token money), pult (bar, desk). (various references) | |
Indonesian | pembilang (numerator, quantifier). (various references) | |
Italian | banco (bank, bar, bench, desk, dock, pew, stall, stand, work bench, writing, writing desk, writing-desk), contatore (meter, metre). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 逆回転 (backspin, spinning the opposite way), 店頭 (over-the-counter, shop, shop front), 売り場 (place where things are sold, salesfloor), 売場 (place where things are sold, salesfloor), カーボン紙 (black currant, cacao, cactus, Caesar, Cairo, car lease, car life, car race, car radio, carbon paper, carcase, carcass, Carlton, carmine, carport, Casio, Cassiopeia, Cassisliqueur, chaos, chiropractic, chiropractor, cocktail, cocktail dress, cocktail glass, cocktail lounge, cocktail party, couch potato, counseling, counselor, count, countdown, counter attack, counter display, counterblow, counter-propagation, counterpunch, counterpurchase, count-out, cowboy, cowboy hat, cowhide, curl, Curlash, curler, curling, curve, Kahn, Kaiser, Kamasutra, Kashmir, kinesics, kite, kymograph, rustle, television addict). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ぎゃくかいてん (backspin, spinning the opposite way), うりば (place where things are sold, salesfloor), カウンター , カウンタ , てんとう (a tip, destiny, divine justice, falling down, inversion, invert, lighting, nodding, over-the-counter, Providence, reverse, shop, shop front, the sun, tumbling, turn over, upset, way of heaven). (various references) | |
Korean | 카운터. (various references) | |
Manx | noi-vuilley (counterstroke), noi (against, averse, cross, cross opposed, repugnant, versus), meereen (curio, particle), jannoo bac er, cur noi (alienate, deprecation, negative, resist), coonteyder, castey (appease, beat back, censor, check, choke back, contain, cure, defeat, end, freeze, freeze as loan, hitch, inhibit, preclude, staunch, stave off, suppress, throwing stones), boayrd coontee (bar, bar of hotel). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ountercay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | contador (accountant), balcão (balcony, desk, gallery). (various references) | |
Portuguese Brazilian | balcão. (various references) | |
Romanian | contrazice (belie, confute, contradict, gainsay, ruffle), calculator (adding machine, calculator, computer, computing, reckoner, reckoning), contor (meter), contra (across from, against, con, contra, for, in exchange for, opposed to, opposite, upon, versus), contracara (balk, baulk, counteract, countervail, counterwork, cross, thwart), contrapartidã, contrar (adverse, against, antipathic, bad, contrarily, contrary, converse, foul, opponent, opposed, opposite, retrograde, reverse), advers (adverse), antidot (antidote), împotrivã (con, contra, contrary to, with), ferestruicã (light, peep hole, window), tejghea (bar, stand), ferestruie, fişã (card, check, coin, hob), ghişeu (booking office, ticket-window, wicket, window), invers (about, backward, backwards, by contraries, contrarily, contrariwise, converse, conversely, inverse, inversely, opposed, opposite, reciprocally, reverse, topsy turvy, vice versa), jeton (check), opus (adverse, antipathic, converse, cross, opponent, opposed, opposite, opus, reverse), para (farthing, fend, Parry, repel), piesã (chessman, coin, copy, man, piece, specimen), se opune (antagonize, balk, baulk, contravene, oppose, repugn, stand, take exception to, traverse), duplicat (counterpart, doublet, duplicate, duplication, replica, tally). (various references) | |
Russian | счетчик;прилавок встречный, счетчик (checker, computer, meter, register, scaler, scorer, taximeter), счеты (abac, abaci, abacus, abacuses), восьмерка (eight), обратный (backward, converse, inverted, regressive, retroactive, retrograde, return, reverse, reversionary), обратно (around, conversely, inversely, rearward, round), загривок (nape, scruff), противовес (balance weight, counterbalance, counterpoise, counterrails, counterweight, equipoise, makeweight), противоположный (adverse, antipathic, antipodal, antipodean, contrary, opponent, opposed, opposite), прилавок, подзор (valance). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | tezga (booth, drop counter, shamble, stall, stand), suprotno (contrariwise, contrary, conversely, unlike, vice versa), suprotan (adversative, adverse, contrary, converse, opponent, opposed, opposing, opposite, reverse, unalike, unfavorable, unfavourable), protiv (against, con, contra, versus, with), odbiti (cast aside, decline, deduct, deny, disallow, dock, drive back, fend off, fight off, keep off, knock off, overrule, parry, rebuff, reflect, refuse, reject, repel, repudiate, repulse, stave off, strike up, throw back, turn away, turn back, turn down, ward off, wean), brojač (numerator). (various references) | |
Spanish | contador (accountant, meter, metre, purser, recorder), mostrador (bar, cursor, desk, discretion, indicator, leader). (various references) | |
Swedish | räkneverk (register), räknare (calculator). (various references) | |
Thai | เคาน์เตอร์, พูดแย้ง, ที่โต้ตอบออกไป. (various references) | |
Turkish | karşılık (answer, as against, bargain, consideration, counterbalance, counterpart, counterweigh, equivalent, offset, payment, payoff, provision, provisions, quid pro quo, quittance, reciprocation, recompense, remuneration, repayment, reply, requital, response, return, reward, riposte, wages), aksi (adverse, awkward, bad tempered, bilious, bloody minded, cantankerous, contra, contra-, contrary, crabbed, crabby, cross, cross-grained, crosspatch, crotchety, doggish, dour, evil, fractious, fretful, Froward, gruff, ill natured, ill tempered, ill-humored, ill-humoured, inverse, negatory, opposite, peevish, perverse, petulant, recalcitrant, refractory, reverse, shirty, snappish, snuffy, spleenful, spleenish, stroppy, stubborn, sullen, surly, tart, testy, unfavorable, unfavourable, unfortunate, unhappy, unlucky, untoward, wrongheaded), aykırı (anomalous, anti-, antithetic, antithetical, athwart, contradictious, contradictory, crossways, crosswise, gainst, heterodox, impolitic, incongruous, inconsistent, repugnant, thwart, transverse), fiş (check, chip, filing card, jetton, outlet, plug, police record, receipt, sales slip, ticket, voucher), gişe (booth, box office), karşı (against, anti-, athwart, before, con, con-, contra, contrary, discordant, facing, for, gainst, opponent, opposed, opposing, opposite, repugnant, to, toward, towards, versus), karşı atak yapmak (riposte), çene altı ile omuz arası, karşı koymak (bear against, confront, contest, counteract, counterwork, demur, dispute, face, face up to, fend, fight back, offer resistance, oppugn, refuse, resist, set against, stand, stand out, stand out against, stand up to, stick up to, withstand), zıt (adverse, anti-, antipole, antithetic, antithetical, athwart, conflicting, converse, diametrical, jarring, negative, opponent, opposed, opposite, polar, reverse), karşılık vermek (answer, answer back, come back, give back, hit back, reciprocate, repay, reply, respond, riposte, strike back, talk back), kontra (contra-), kontra yumruk atmak, sayaç (current meter, meter, recorder, register, telltale), ters (acrimonious, adverse, agley, Amiss, awkward, awry, backward, backwards, bad tempered, bloody minded, churlish, contradictory, contrary, converse, crabbed, cranky, curt, cussed, dour, face down, fractious, fretful, Froward, frowning, grumpy, ill natured, illegitimate, indecorous, inimical, inverse, inversely, inverted, mis-, negative, off, opposing, opposite, perverse, retro-, reverse, snuffy, sub-, unfavorable, unfavourable, upside down, versed, wayward, wrong, wrongly), tezgâh (bench, frame, pitch, siege, stall, stand, workbench), karşı şey. (various references) | |
Turkmen | kapasa (cage, shelf). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | суперечити (belie, conflict with, contradict, cut across, disagree, gainsay), чинити опір (breast, fight back, kick against, oppose, recalcitrate, revolt, stand against), фішка, всупереч (after, against, athwart, contrary to, notwithstanding), назад (aback, astern, back, backward, backwards, hark back, keep back, rearward, rearwards), марка (brand), зустрічний (recriminative), зворотний (back, backward, contrary, converse, homeward, inverse, inverted, opposite, rearward, reflexive, regressive, relapsing, retrogressive, reverse, reversionary), жетон (slug), протилежний (adverse, alien from, contrary, converse, opponent, opposite, otherways, otherwise, reverse), протидіяти (antagonize, counteract, counterwork, cross, react, resist), проти (against, athwart, contrary to, opposite, up, versus), прилавок (bar, bulk, stall), портистояти. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | chống lại (averse, opponent, oppugnant, reluctant, resistive), trái lại (reverse), quầy hàng, ngược lại đi ngược lại, làm trái lại, đối lập (conflicting, opponent, oppositional). (various references) | |
Welsh | gwrth- (anti-, contra-, counter-). (various references) | |
Zulu | ilikhawunda, ikhawunda. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Sumerian | 3100 BCE-2500 BCE | ia. (various references) |
| Medieval Latin | 700-1500 | computatorium. (various references) |
| Old French | 900-1400 | contouer, countre. (various references) |
| French | 1500-Modern | jeton. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "counter": counteraccusation, counteraccusations, counteract, counteracted, counteracting, counteraction, counteractions, counteractive, counteracts, counteradaptation, counteradaptations, counteradvertising, counteradvertisings, counteragent, counteragents, counteraggression, counteraggressions, counterargue, counterargued, counterargues, counterarguing, counterargument, counterarguments, counterassault, counterassaults, counterattack, counterattacked, counterattacker, counterattackers, counterattacking, counterattacks, counterbade, counterbalance, counterbalanced, counterbalances, counterbalancing, counterbid, counterbidden, counterbidding, counterbids, counterblast, counterblasts, counterblockade, counterblockaded, counterblockades, counterblockading, counterblow, counterblows, countercampaign, countercampaigns, counterchange. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "counter": discounter, encounter, recounter, reencounter, rencounter. (additional references) | |
Words containing "counter": anticounterfeiting, discounters, encountered, encountering, encounters, recounters, reencountered, reencountering, reencounters, rencountered, rencountering, rencounters. (additional references) | |
| |
"Counter" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Ceontea, Cointreu, comunero, conter, conuer, conuti, coonter, Counce, counder, countax, countery, countr, countree, coute, couter, coutre, Kunter, Mounter. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "counter" (pronounced kou"nter) |
| 5 | k ou" n t er | encounter. |
| 3 | -n t er | enchanter, enter, banter, blunter, canter, Cantor, carpenter, center, centre, covenanter, discounter, dissenter, epicenter, experimenter, fainter, grantor, headhunter, Hunter, inventor, mentor, Midwinter, Minter, multicenter, overwinter, painter, planter, pointer, presenter, printer, punter, reenter, renter, saunter, splinter, sprinter, Stentor, Supercenter, tormentor, Venter, winter. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: cornute, recount, trounce. | |
| Words within the letters "c-e-n-o-r-t-u" | |
-1 letter: cornet, couter, tenour. | |
-2 letters: cento, centu, conte, cornu, count, court, crone, cruet, curet, cuter, eruct, noter, ounce, outer, outre, recon, recto, recut, rouen, route, tenor, toner, trone, truce, tuner. | |
-3 letters: cent, cero, cone, core, corn, cote, cure, curn, curt, cute, ecru, euro, note, once, rent, rote, roue, rout, rune, runt, tern, tone, torc. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-e-n-o-r-t-u" | |
+1 letter: confuter, construe, cornuted, counters, courante, neurotic, nocturne, outrance, recounts, trounced, trouncer, trounces, unerotic. | |
+2 letters: centurion, confiture, confuters, congruent, construed, construes, consulter, continuer, contoured, corpulent, countered, countries, courantes, courtesan, cretinous, curbstone, encounter, introduce, mucronate, nectarous, neurotics, neutronic, nocturnes, nucleator, occurrent, outrances, overcount, raconteur, recontour, recounted, recounter, reduction, trouncers, truncheon, undercoat. | |
+3 letters: aeronautic, auctioneer, centurions, concurrent, confitures, conjecture, consulters, contexture, continuers, contribute, counteract, counterbid, countercry, countering, counterion, counterman, countermen, counterspy, countersue, countertop, countrymen, courantoes, courtesans, croqueting, curbstones, discounter, documenter, encounters, enunciator, eructation, introduced, introducer, introduces, neurotoxic, noncurrent, nucleators, occurrents, outscorned, overcounts, precaution, procumbent, quercitron, raconteurs, reconquest, recontours, recounters, recounting, recoupment, rediscount, reductions, rencounter, retouching, supertonic, surjection, truncheons, ulceration, uncorseted, undercoats, undercount, undercroft, undoctored, unescorted, unneurotic. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Fiction 12. Quotations: Non-fiction | 13. Quotations: Speeches 14. Usage Frequency 15. Names: Frequency 16. Expressions | 17. Expressions: Internet 18. Translations: Modern 19. Translations: Ancient 20. Abbreviations | 21. Acronyms 22. Derivations 23. Rhymes 24. Anagrams | 25. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
