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Definition: City |
CityNoun1. A large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts; "Ancient Troy was a great city". 2. An incorporated administrative district established by state charter; "the city raised the tax rate". 3. People living in a large densely populated municipality; "the city voted for Republicans in 1994". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "city" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
Etymology: City \Cit"y\, noun; plural Cities. [Old English cite, French cit?, from Latin civitas citizenship, state, city, from civis citizen; akin to Gothic heiwa (in heiwafrauja man of the house), Anglo-Saxon ?, plural, members of a family, servants, ? family, German heirath marriage, prop., providing. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Bible | City The earliest mention of city-building is that of Enoch, which was built by Cain (Gen. 4:17). After the confusion of tongues, the descendants of Nimrod founded several cities (10:10-12). Next, we have a record of the cities of the Canaanites, Sidon, Gaza, Sodom, etc. (10:12, 19; 11:3, 9; 36:31-39). The earliest description of a city is that of Sodom (19:1-22). Damascus is said to be the oldest existing city in the world. Before the time of Abraham there were cities in Egypt (Num. 13:22). The Israelites in Egypt were employed in building the "treasure cities" of Pithom and Raamses (Ex. 1:11); but it does not seem that they had any cities of their own in Goshen (Gen. 46:34; 47:1-11). In the kingdom of Og in Bashan there were sixty "great cities with walls," and twenty-three cities in Gilead partly rebuilt by the tribes on the east of Jordan (Num. 21:21, 32, 33, 35; 32:1-3, 34-42; Deut. 3:4, 5, 14; 1 Kings 4:13). On the west of Jordan were thirty-one "royal cities" (Josh. 12), besides many others spoken of in the history of Israel. A fenced city was a city surrounded by fortifications and high walls, with watch-towers upon them (2 Chr. 11:11; Deut. 3:5). There was also within the city generally a tower to which the citizens might flee when danger threatened them (Judg. 9:46-52). A city with suburbs was a city surrounded with open pasture-grounds, such as the forty-eight cities which were given to the Levites (Num. 35:2-7). There were six cities of refuge, three on each side of Jordan, namely, Kadesh, Shechem, Hebron, on the west of Jordan; and on the east, Bezer, Ramoth-gilead, and Golan. The cities on each side of the river were nearly opposite each other. The regulations concerning these cities are given in Num. 35:9-34; Deut. 19:1-13; Ex. 21:12-14. When David reduced the fortress of the Jebusites which stood on Mount Zion, he built on the site of it a palace and a city, which he called by his own name (1 Chr. 11:5), the city of David. Bethlehem is also so called as being David's native town (Luke 2:4). Jerusalem is called the Holy City, the holiness of the temple being regarded as extending in some measure over the whole city (Neh. 11:1). Pithom and Raamses, built by the Israelites as "treasure cities," were not places where royal treasures were kept, but were fortified towns where merchants might store their goods and transact their business in safety, or cities in which munitions of war were stored. (See PITHOM.). Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Census | A type of incorporated place in 49 states and the District of Columbia. In 23 states and the District of Columbia, some or all cities are not part of any Minor Civil Division (MCD), and the Census Bureau also treats these as county subdivisions, statistically equivalent to MCDs. Related terms: Incorporated place, Minor civil division (MCD). (references) |
Dream Interpretation | To dream that you are in a strange city, denotes you will have sorrowful occasion to change your abode or mode of living. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Literature | City (A), strictly speaking is a large town with a corporation and cathedral; but any large town is so called in ordinary speech. In the Bible it means a town having walls and gates. "The eldest son of the first man [Cain] builded a city (Gen. iv. 17)- not, of course, a Nineveh or a Babylon, but still a city."- Rawbinson: Origin of Nations, part i. chap. i. p. 10. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Atlantic City is a 1981 film which tells the story of a Canadian woman whose dreams for a better life in the gambling business is interrupted by the return of the husband she had left behind. It stars Burt Lancaster, Susan Sarandon, Kate Reid, Michel Piccoli and Hollis McLaren.The movie was written by John Guare, and directed by Louis Malle.
It was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Actor in a Leading Role (Burt Lancaster), Best Actress in a Leading Role, Best Director, Best Picture and Best Writing, Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Atlantic City (movie)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Augusta is a city located in the U.S. State of Georgia. As of 2000, the population is 199,775. In 1996 the governments of the City of Augusta and Richmond County combined to form a single governing body known as Augusta-Richmond County. The city was originally named after Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, and was the second state capital of Georgia (alternating for a period with Savannah, the first).
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 851 km² (328 mi²). 839 km² (324 mi²) of it is land and 11 km² (4 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.34% water.Augusta is located about halfway up the Savannah River on the fall line, providing a number of small falls on the Savannah River. The Clarks Hill Dam is also built on the fall line near Augusta, forming Lake Strom Thurmond.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 199,775 people, 73,920 households, and 49,526 families residing in the county. The population density is 238/km² (616/mi²). There are 82,312 housing units at an average density of 98/km² (254/mi²). The racial makeup of the county is 45.55% White, 49.75% African American, 0.28% Native American, 1.50% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 1.01% from other races, and 1.78% from two or more races. 2.78% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.There are 73,920 households out of which 33.60% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.80% are married couples living together, 20.80% have a female householder with no husband present, and 33.00% are non-families. 27.70% of all households are made up of individuals and 8.50% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.55 and the average family size is 3.13.
In the county the population is spread out with 26.80% under the age of 18, 12.00% from 18 to 24, 29.90% from 25 to 44, 20.50% from 45 to 64, and 10.80% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 32 years. For every 100 females there are 93.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 89.80 males.
The median income for a household in the county is $33,086, and the median income for a family is $38,509. Males have a median income of $29,667 versus $22,760 for females. The per capita income for the county is $17,088. 19.60% of the population and 16.20% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 27.20% are under the age of 18 and 14.10% are 65 or older.
Augusta is the second largest city in Georgia, after Atlanta.
History
The location of Augusta was first used by Native Americans as place to cross the Savannah River, because of Augusta's location on the fall line. But other than that, Augusta didn't even exist.
In 1735, two years after James Oglethorpe founded Savannah, he sent a detachment of troops on a journey up the Savannah River. He gave them an order to built at the head of the navigable part of the river. The job fell into the hands of Nobel Jones, who created the settlement to provide a first line of defense against the Spanish and the French. Oglethorpe then named the town Augusta, after Princess Augusta, wife of Frederick, Prince of Wales.
The town was laid out on the flat slopes of the Savannah River, just east of the sand hills that would come to be known as "Summerville". The townspeople got along peacefully (most of the time) with the surrounding tribes of Creek and Cherokee Indians.
In 1739, construction was begun on a road to connect Augusta to Savannah. This would make it possible for people to reach Augusta by horse, rather than by boat. Because of this, more people began to migrate inland to Augusta. Later on, in 1750, Augusta's first church, St. Paul's, would be built near Fort Augusta. It would become the leader of the local parish.
In 1777, under Georgia's new constitution, a new political structure would be laid out and Augusta's parish government would be replaced by a new county government, Richmond County, which was named after the Duke of Richmond.
During the American Revolution, Savannah would fall to the British. This would leave Augusta as the new state capital and a new prime target of the British. By January 31, 1779, Augusta would be captured by Lt. Col. Archibald Campbell. But Campbell soon withdrew, as American troops were gathering on the opposite shore of the Savannah River. Augusta again became the state capital, but not for long. Augusta would fall into British hands once more before the end of the war.
From then until the American Civil War, Augusta would become a leader in the production of textiles, gunpowder, and paper. It would have a population of 12,493 by 1860, being just one of 102 U.S. cities at the time to have a population of over 10,000, and making it the second largest city in Georgia. But then came war.
Originally, Augustans welcomed the idea of war. A new powderworks that opened boosted trade and job opportuinities. Many Augustans went away to fight in the war, not knowing the terrors that awaited them. War would not set into the minds of Augustans until the summer of 1863. It was in that year that thousands of refugees from areas threatened by invasion came crowding into Augusta, leading to shortages in housing and provisions. Next came the threatening nearness of General Sherman's advancing army, causing panic in the streets of this once quiet town. Things wouldn't settle down until the Yankees themselves finally arrived in 1986.
Unlike most Southern cities, Postbellum life for Augusta was very prosporous. By the beginning of the 20th century, Augusta had become one of the largest inland cotton markets in the world. In 1913, the Medical College of Georgia would be founded, and in 1914, University Hospital would be founded nearby. These two buildings would form the nucleus of a future medical complex. A new military cantonment, named Camp Hancock, would open nearby during World War I.
Prior to World War II, the U.S. army constructed a new fort near Richmond County that was named Camp Gordon. It would be finished just a few days after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Many new soldiers would be brought to this camp to train to go off to war. While they were there, though, the townspeople treated them very nicely, causing many of them to come back to Augusta at the end of the war. But within the few months after WWII, trouble began to set in. Many of the GI's at Camp Gordon had been sent back home, and the importance of the army in the community seemed to almost come to an end. But then Augusta would go through its golden age.
In 1948, new life would come to the city when the U.S. army moved the Signal Training Center and Military Police School to Camp Gordon. Later on, in November of 1948, the Clarks Hill Reservoir would be created by a newly constructed dam, which would provide the city with a good supply of hydroelectric power. Then, in 1950, plans were announced to built the Savannah River Plant nearby, which would boost the city's population about 50,000. Augusta would move into the second half of the twentieth century on the threshold of becoming an urban industrial center in the South.
Metropolitan Area
The Augusta Metropolitan Area comprises of 5 counties in 2 different states.
- Georgia
- Richmond County
- Columbia County
- McDuffie County
- South Carolina
- Aiken County
- Edgefield County
Sports
Major Attractions
- Augusta Museum of History [1]
- Augusta-Richmond County Civic Center [1]
- Confederate Powderworks [1]
- Downtown Augusta [1]
- Fort Discovery [1]
- Fort Gordon [1]
- Georgia Golf Hall of Fame [1]
- Lucy Craft Laney Museum of Black History [1]
- Morris Museum of Art [1]
- Riverwalk Augusta
- William B. Bell Auditorium [1]
- Woodrow Wilson's Boyhood Home [1]
Miscellaneous
- Augusta is host of The Masters golf tournament every year, which is part of the Grand Slam in golf.
- Augusta is served by Augusta Regional Airport and the smaller Daniel Field.
- Augusta's newspaper is the Augusta Chronicle [1].
- Augusta is home to the Medical College of Georgia [1] and Augusta State University [1].
- Augusta's Broad Street is the second widest street in America.
- E-Z-GO and Club Car, the two largest golf cart distributors in the world are centered in Augusta.
- Augusta is home to the Augusta Symphony Orchestra [1].
Related Topics
- Largest Cities in the State of Georgia
External Links
- City of Augusta Homepage
- Augusta.com
- Augusta Metropolitan Convention and Visitors Bureau
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Augusta, Georgia."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Buenos Aires City (BWAY-nos EYE-res, Spanish: Ciudad de Buenos Aires) is the capital city and commercial/industrial centre of the nation of Argentina. It is located at the mouth of the Plata River (Rio de la Plata), on the southeast coast of the South American continent.(Note: see Buenos Aires for details.)
On March 17, 1992 a suicide car-bomb exploded in the Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires killing 29 and injuring 242.
See also: Cities of the world, List of national capitals
External link
- http://www.buenosaires.gov.ar
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Buenos Aires City."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The following are major cities:See List of cities in Japan for the complete list.
- Fukuoka
- Hiroshima
- Kobe
- Kyoto
- Nagasaki
- Nagoya
- Osaka
- Sapporo
- Sendai
- Tokyo
Except Tokyo, all large cities are of cities designated by government ordinance.
See also: Core city
Metropolitan areas
City name Population Tokyo 34,900,000 incl. Kanagawa, Saitama and Chiba prefectures Osaka 18,000,000 incl. Kobe, Kyoto
See also
- List of cities by country
- List of city listings by country
- List of metropolitan areas by population
External link
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Cities of Japan."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A city (lungsod, sometimes syudad, in Filipino) is a local government unit in the Philippines. Cities are equivalent to municipalities but are given special treatment and an increased budget. Cities, like municipalities, are composed of barangays and is governed by a Mayor, Vice-Mayor, and councilors.A number of cities in the country act independently of their provinces and are largely self-governing and have their own representatives in the Congress. Other cities depend on their provincial government for support and representation. The independent cities are classified as highly-urbanized cities and the dependent cities are component cities. Although some component cities are somewhat independent, like Ormoc City in Leyte.
Quezon City, in Metro Manila is the most populous city with over 2,000,000 residents. Davao City, is one of the largest cities in the world in terms of land area, occupying more than 2,500 square kilometers.
External links
- League of Cities of the Philippines (LCP)
- Philippine Clean Cities Project
- Location map of the largest cities (World Gazeteer) (somewhat inaccurate)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Cities of the Philippines."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A city is an urban area, differentiated from a town by size, population density, importance, or legal status. City can also be a synonym of downtown, the central business district.
A city usually consists of residential, industrial and business areas together with administrative functions which may relate to a wider geographical area. A large share of a city's area is generally taken up by houses, roads, and streets. Lakes and rivers may be the only undeveloped areas within the city.
The difference between towns and cities is differently understood in different parts of the English speaking world. There is no one standard international definition of a city: the term may be used either for a town possessing city status; for an urban locality exceeding an arbitrary population size; for a town dominating other towns with particular regional economic or administrative significance. Although city can refer to an agglomeration including suburban and satellite areas, the term is not appropriate for a conurbation (cluster) of distinct urban places, nor for a wider metropolitan area including more than one city, each acting as a focus for parts of the area.
In the United Kingdom, a city is a town which has been known as a city since time immemorial, or which has received city status by royal charter - which is normally granted on the basis of size, importance or royal connection (traditional pointers have been whether the town has a cathedral or a university). Some cathedral cities, for example St. David's in Wales, are quite small, and may not be known as cities in common parlance. (See the list of cities in the United Kingdom.)
Geography
The geographies of cities are diverse. Often cities will either be coastal and have a harbor or be situated near a river giving economic advantage. Water transports on rivers and oceans were (and in most cases still are) cheaper and more efficient than road transport over long distances.The kernels of older European cities, which have not been extensively rebuilt, tend to have city centers where the streets are jumbled together, often seemingly without a structural plan. This is a legacy of earlier unplanned or organic development. Today this is usually perceived by tourists to be quaint and picturesque.
Modern city planning has seen many different schemes for how a city should look. The most commonly seen pattern is the grid, almost a rule in the United States, and used for hundreds of years in China. Other forms may include a radial structure in which main roads converge on a central point, often the effect of of successive growth over long time with concentric traces of town walls and citadels - recently supplemented by ring-roads that take traffic around the edge of a town.
History
History of cities in general
Towns and cities have a long history, although opinions vary on whether any particular ancient settlement can be considered to be a city. The first true towns are sometimes considered to be large settlements where the inhabitants were no longer simply farmers of the surrounding area, but began to take on specialised occupations, and whereto trade, food storage and power was centralized.
By this definition, the first towns we know of were located in Mesopotamia, such as Ur, and along the Nile, the Indus Valley Civilisation and China. Before this time it was rare for settlements to reach significant size, although there were exceptions such as Jericho, Çatalhöyük and Mehrgarh.
The growth of ancient and medieval empires led to ever greater capital cities and seats of provincial administration, with Rome, its eastern successor Constantinople and successive Chinese and later Indian capitals approaching or exceeding the half-million population level. Similar large administrative and ceremonial centres emerged in other areas, though on a smaller scale.
During the European Middle Ages, a town was as much a political entity as a collection of houses. City residence brought freedom from customary rural obligations to lord and community: "Stadtluft macht frei" ("City air makes you free") was a saying in Germany. In Continental Europe cities with a legislature of their own wasn't unheard of, the laws for towns as a rule other than for the countryside, the lord of a town often being another than for surrounding land. In the Holy Roman Empire (i.e. medieval Germany and Italy) some cities had no other lord than the emperor.
In exceptional cases like Venice, Genoa or Lübeck, cities themselves became powerful states, sometimes taking surrounding areas under their control or establishing extensive maritime empires, though this could sometimes impede the later development of a wider national state and economy. Similar phenomena existed elsewhere, as in the case of Sakai, which enjoyed a considerable autonomy in late medieval Japan.
Most towns remained far smaller places, so that in 1500 only some two dozen places in the world contained more than 100,000 inhabitants: as late as 1700 there were fewer than fifty, a figure which would rise thereafter to 300 in 1900. A small city of the early modern period might contain as few as 10,000 inhabitants, a town far fewer still.
While the city-states of the Mediterranean and Baltic Sea languished from the 16th century, Europe's larger capitals benefited from the growth of commerce following the emergence of an Atlantic economy fuelled by the silver of Peru. By the 18th century, London and Paris rivalled the more traditional imperial capitals of Beijing, Istanbul and Tokyo.
The growth of modern industry from the late 18th century onward led to massive urbanization and the rise of new great cities, first in Europe and then in other regions, as new opportunities brought huge numbers of migrants from rural communities into urban areas. Today the world's population is about half urban, with millions still streaming annually into the growing cities of Asia, Africa and Latin America.
Modern conceptions
Traditional approach
A universal linear approach to cities has been in place and accepted for a long time. As this approach falls short of explaining a number of aspects of city life, such as the diversity between cites, new ways have been sought. Influenced by post-structuralist thinking a new approach was born: using spatial thinking it is possible to not only fill the gaps, but indeed replace the old completely.Three characteristics have been identified as defining a city: the number of people to area (density), the networks of the city, as well as a particular way of life. None of these characteristics alone is enough to make a place a city.
Until recently cities were almost exclusively viewed as part of a single, linear line of development. Starting with the Greek city-state, this linear approach placed each city somewhere, and it was believed that it was only a matter of time until the next stage along the prescript path of advancement was reached. For each stage an exemplar was identified. Step by step from Athens onwards to Venice and London, Los Angeles seemed to be the ultimate stage of a postmodern city. Such an approach regarded a city as a single static entity, which could be studied disconnected in time and space. This leads to a theoretical framework with little connection to real cities, but these were simply seen as less clear examples. In spite of apparent shortcomings, this approach is still very commonplace in respected and popular publications.
Shortcomings
Despite its wide acceptance this traditional approach to cities had serious shortcomings. Firstly, leaving the latest stage aside, it was completely eurocentric. It was believed that every city in the world could be compared with a past stage in the history of one European city. Secondly, there was no real explanation when and how changes occurred, how another stage in the line of development was achieved. There seemed no need to follow the changes of one city, but instead attention was turned to another exemplar. Thirdly, the disconnected view of cities is problematic. It implies that history, culture and connections of a place do not influence a place, which is questionable. Some thinkers argue that a history ignoring connections is necessary incomplete. Fourthly, the traditional approach missed to define what makes a city. It is unclear why one place is regarded as a city while another one is not. Mumford argued in 1937 for a social dimension, describing cities as geographical plexuses. Finally, viewing cities as a single body misses modern conceptions that there is more than one story to a place. The city of an aristocrat will surely differ from that of a slave. This also reflects a shift away from one single history of the powerful élites (often referred to as city élites) to a multidimensional perception of history. The notion of city rhythms has been introduced to highlight the different aspects of city life.
Modern approach
As a modern approach to cities, modern urban thinking, promises to cater for these issues. It is especially the focus on connections and internal divisions which allows a new perception of cities. Using such spatial thinking it is possible to understand many aspects the traditional approach fell short of providing a satisfactory explanation.One important aspect of spatial thinking is looking at the connections of a city. Such connections allow to explain the unique character of a place. Rather than treating all cities the same, places are seen as interconnected through networks of culture, economics, trade or history. So while London and Tokyo are economically linked through stock markets, Graz and Stockholm are so by the cultural links of Cultural Capital of Europe.
These networks overlap and are concentrated in cities. Arguably this concentration of networks creates a unique feeling of a place. Such networks, however, do not only link cities with cities, but also a city to its surroundings. The notion of a city footprint reflect the idea that a city on its own is not sustainable: it depends on produce from its surroundings, it needs trade links and other connections for economic viability. Looking at networks, it becomes possible to explain the rise and fall of cities. This has to do with the changing importance of connections and is maybe best illustrated with the arrival of Spanish colonizers in America. Within a short time, connections to Madrid became more important than connections to the former centre Tenochtitlán.
The concentration of networks in cities can be used as an explanation of urbanization. It is the access to certain networks that attracts people. As various networks spatially run together in a confined area, people gather in cities. At the same time, this concentration of people means the introduction of new networks, such as social links, increasing the creation of new possibilities within cities. Urban social movements are a direct result of this possibility of mmaking new connections. It is this openness to new connections that makes cities both attractive and to a certain degree unpredictable.
Another important aspect of modern urban thinking is looking at the divisions within a city. This internal differentiation is linked to the external connections of a city. As places of meeting histories, cities are hybrid and heterogeneous. Hybrid they are as the connections which link places are bilateral, involving giving and taking in both directions. Heterogeneous they are because of the dynamism of cities. New encounters are ongoing processes where social relations and differences are constantly negotiated and shaped, reflecting the unequal power involved.
Neither the internal differentiations nor the connections and networks of a place on their own define a city. Internal divisions are caused by external links, while at the same time connections to the outside open up the possibility of new social divisions. Divisions and connections in every city are intertwined, and only by considering both aspects of spatial thinking the complexity of cities is approachable. Immigration illustrates this interconnection of external networks and internal divisions well. The networks concentrated in the core of the city attract immigrants. As they immigrate, the newcomers bring along their histories, bringing new networks or enforcing existing ones. At the same time, their history offers opportunities to identify with or likewise exclude. Division and connection come hand in hand. Rather than attempting to eradicate such tensions and contradictions in the theoretical framework, modern urban thinking – influenced by poststructuralist thought – accounts for both sides. Static universal bodies are replaced by multidimensional networks, allowing for fluidity and dynamism.
Global cities
Global cities are centres of trade and banking, financial services, places of innovations and markets. The term global city is opposed to megacity. Whereas megacity refers to any city of enormous size, a global city is the powerful one. New York, Tokyo and London are commonly referred to as global cities, but the term is also applied to other cities.The notion of global cities regards the power of cities as contained within cities. The city is seen as a container where skills and resources are concentrated. The more successful city is able to concentrate more of these skills and resources. This makes the city itself more powerful in terms that it can influence what is happening around the world. Following this view of cities, it is possible to rank the world's cities hierarchically, as Friedmann and Wolff did in 1982.
Critics of the notion point out to the different realms of power. The term global city narrowly focuses on economics. Cities like Rome are powerful in religious terms. Additionally, it has been questioned whether the city itself can be regarded as an actor.
In 1995 Kanter argued that successful cities can be identified by three elements. To be successful, a city needs to be good thinkers (concepts), good makers (competence) or goode traders (connections). The interplay of these three elements, Kanter argued, means that good cities are not planned but managed.
Environmental effects
Modern cities are known for creating their own microclimates. This is due to the large clustering of hard surfaces that heat up in sunlight and that channel rainwater into underground ducts. As a result, city weather is often windier and cloudier than the weather in the surrounding countryside. Conversely, because these effects make cities warmer (urban heat shield or urban heat islands) than the surrounding area, tornadoes tend to go around cities. Additionally towns can cause significant downstream weather effects.Garbage and sewage are two major problems for cities, as is air pollution coming from internal combustion engines (see public transport). The impact of cities on places elsewhere, be it hinterlands or places far away, is considered in the notion of city footprinting (ecological footprint).
Inner city
The term "inner city" is sometimes used with the connotation of being an area where people are less educated and wealthy and where there is more crime.
See also
- Municipal government
- List of cities by country
- List of metropolitan areas by population
- Megacity
- Self-proclaimed Capitals of the World
- Cities of Japan
External links
- Place Names of Europe
- Most populous city of each country
- For each country, part of its population that lives in its most populous city (with some odd figures due to the comparison of data of different years)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "City."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The City of London, often referred to as just the City or as the Square Mile (from its area) forms the historic and financial centre of Greater London.
City of London Demographics Population: 7,200 (2001) Ethnicity: 85% white, 4% bangla,
2% indian, 2% chineseGeography Villages: Barbican Neighbours: Camden, Hackney,
Islington, Tower Hamlets,
Southwark, WestminsterStations: Liverpool St, Fenchurch St Bank Politics Executive: Independent Conservativess MPs: Mark Field GLA: City and East London The City of London is administered by the Corporation of London, headed by the Lord Mayor of London. It has its own independent police force, the City of London Police, unlike the rest of Greater London which is policed by the London Metropolitan Police, based at Scotland Yard. It is also unusual in that businesses are allowed to vote in the local government elections. The City is a ceremonial county and has its own Lord-Lieutenant.
The City itself has two independent enclaves within it - Inner Temple and Middle Temple.
Extent
The size of the City was originally constrained by a defensive perimeter wall, known as 'London Wall', that was built by the Romans to protect their strategic port city. Even though the walls have long since crumbled away and been broken up, the City of London still retains the same size and shape it had back then.The City of London borders the City of Westminster to the west - the border cutting through Victoria Embankment, passing to the west of Middle Temple, going east along Strand/Fleet Street, north up Chancery Lane, where it becomes instead the border with the London Borough of Camden. It continues north to Holborn, turns east, continues, then goes northeast to Charterhouse Lane. As it crosses Farringdon Road it becomes the border with the London Borough of Islington. It continues to Aldersgate, goes north, and turns into some back streets soon after it becomes Goswell Road. It ends up on Ropemakers Lane, which as it continues east past Moorgate becomes South Place. It goes north, becomes the border with the London Borough of Hackney, then east, north, east on backstreets, meeting Norton Folgate at the border with the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It continues south into Bishopsgate, and takes some backstreets to Middlesex Street where it continues south-east then south. It makes a divergence to the west at the end of Middlesex Street to allow the Tower of London to be in Tower Hamlets, and then reaches the river.
At its maximum extent the City included areas now not part of it, including Southwark (as the 'ward of bridge without'). The City today has control all over London Bridge, but only half of the river underneath it.
History
It has been administered separately since 886 when Alfred the Great appointed his son-in-law Ethelred Governor of London. Alfred made sure there was suitable accommodation for merchants from north west Europe, which were then extended to traders from the Baltic and Italy.The City developed its own code of law for the mercantile classes, developing such an autonomy that Sir Laurence Gomme regarded the City as a separate Kingdom making its own laws. In the tenth century Athelstan permitted eight mints to be established as against six in his capital, Winchester, indicating the wealth of the city. The City was composed of wards governed by Aldermen, who chaired the Wardmotes. There was a folkmoot for the whole of the city held in the shadows of St Paul's Cathedral.
Following the Battle of Hastings, William the Conqueror marched on London, to Southwark and failed to get across London Bridge or to defeat the Londoners. He evenually crossed the River Thames at Wallingford, pillaging the land as he went. Rather than continuing the war Edgar Atheling, Edwin of Mercia and Morcar of Northumbria surrendered at Berkhamstead. London was rewarded by 1075 William granted the citizens a charter. The City of London was one of the few Institutions where the English retained some authority.
However, William insured against attack by building 3 Castles to keep the Londoners subdued:
In 1132 Henry I recognised full County status for the city and by 1141 the whole body of the citizenry was considered to constitute a single community. This was the origin of the Corporation of London.
- Tower of London
- Baynards Castle
- Montfichet's Castle
Elections
Arms of the City of LondonThe City of London (Ward Elections) Bill, which will reform the current voting system for electing Members to the Corporation of London, passed its final hurdle by getting approval from the House of Lords at the end of October 2002.
Under the new system, the business vote will be increased by 16,000 to 32,000. Previously disenfranchised firms will be entitled to nominate voters, in addition to those already included in the business vote, and will be required to choose these voters in a representative fashion. The Bill will also remove other anomalies that have developed over time within the current system, which has been unchanged since the 1850s.
See Also
- The History of London
- Lord Mayor of London
- Port of London
- Barbican Estate
- Guildhall
- Museum of London
- London Stone
- Economy of the United Kingdom
External links
- City of London website: http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk
- Museum of London website: http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "City of London."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Citytv is a group of two Canadian television stations located in Toronto and Vancouver. They are owned by the CHUM Limited group.The original Citytv, founded in Toronto in 1972, and broadcasting for the first time on September 28 of that year, is best known for its unconventional approach to news and local programming. With a lack of a news desk (anchors read the news standing up) and laid-back, hard-hitting presentation, Citytv has developed a following, and other stations have tried to imitate its format to varying degrees of success.
Citytv originally broadcast on the UHF band with a 31 kW signal on channel 79, since all the VHF licences in the Toronto area were taken. This makes Citytv Canada's third oldest UHF TV station. In 1976, Citytv began broadcasting a 208 kW from the CN Tower. Citytv was bought completely by CHUM Limited in 1981. The channel Citytv broacast on was changed from channel 79 to channel to 57 in July 1983, due to complaints that the station was interfering with CB radio broadcasts in the Toronto area.
In 1988 Citytv moved to its current headquarters at the CHUM-City Building, making it one of the most recognizable landmarks in the city.
Moses Znaimer, head of Citytv for many years, once described the station's philosophy by saying, "It's not the show, it's the flow."
Citytv also produces more local programs than any other television station in Canada, such as Speaker's Corner, CityLine and Fashiontelevision.
Citytv launched a second station in Vancouver when it bought the former UTV from Global in 2001.
CHUM has also licensed the Citytv name and brand identity to local television stations in Bogota, Colombia and Barcelona, Spain.
References
- Citytv bio from Nelson Media's Directory of Canadian Television.
External links
- Toronto and Vancouver
- Bogota
- Barcelona
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Citytv."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Groningen (population 175,666) is a city in the north of the Netherlands, and the capital of the province of the Groningen province.The city is noted for its Martinitoren (Martini Tower), the second tallest church tower in the Netherlands, and is the home of the University of Groningen.
The municipality of Groningen has an area of 82.52 km² (2.67 km² water), and includes the following towns: Dorkwerd, Engelbert, Hoogkerk, Leegkerk, Middelbert, Noorddijk, Noorderhoogebrug, Oosterhogebrug, Roodehaan, Ruischerbrug, Vierverlaten.
There are railways to
- (East) Leer (town), Leer (district), Weser-Ems (Regierungsbezirk), Lower Saxony, Germany.
- (North) Roodeschool, Delfzijl
- (West) Leeuwarden
- (South) Zwolle, Amersfoort, Amsterdam/Schiphol/Utrecht (city)
External Links
- Official Website
- Website of the university
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Groningen (city)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Harlingen is a municipality in the northern Netherlands, in the province of Friesland. In the Frisian language the town is called Harns.
The municipality also comprises the following towns, villages and townships: Midlum, Wijnaldum.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Harlingen, Netherlands."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Harlingen is a city located in Cameron County in south Texas. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 57,564.There are two high schools in this city that are called the South and North campus. The south campus has a hawk as the mascot and the north has a cardinal as a mascot.
Harlingen is home of the Rio Grande Vally White Wings, a Central Baseball League Minor league baseball team.
Geography
Harlingen is located at 26°11'32" North, 97°41'47" West (26.192203, -97.696275)1.According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 88.9 km² (34.3 mi²). 88.2 km² (34.1 mi²) of it is land and 0.7 km² (0.3 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.76% water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 57,564 people, 19,021 households, and 14,360 families residing in the city. The population density is 652.4/km² (1,689.6/mi²). There are 23,008 housing units at an average density of 260.7/km² (675.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 78.68% White, 0.92% African American, 0.52% Native American, 0.88% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 16.39% from other races, and 2.58% from two or more races. 72.76% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.There are 19,021 households out of which 38.6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.6% are married couples living together, 16.2% have a female householder with no husband present, and 24.5% are non-families. 20.9% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.3% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.94 and the average family size is 3.44.
In the city the population is spread out with 30.7% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 32 years. For every 100 females there are 90.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 85.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $30,296, and the median income for a family is $34,015. Males have a median income of $27,014 versus $21,795 for females. The per capita income for the city is $13,886. 24.9% of the population and 19.3% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 34.7% are under the age of 18 and 16.2% are 65 or older.
Harlingen has Valley International Airport, which also serves South Padre Island.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Harlingen, Texas."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Liège (Dutch: Luik, German: Lüttich) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Liège, of which it is the capital. On January 1, 2002, Liège had a total population of 185,131 (89,801 males and 95,330 females). The total area is 68.94 km² which gives a population density of 2,685.39 inhabitants per km².
It has a railway connection with Maastricht, Netherlands, and with Aachen, Germany.
See also: Alger of Liege
External link
- http://www.liege.be
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Liège (city)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Cities and towns in Estonia:See also: Municipalities of Estonia, Counties of Estonia, List of cities in Finland, List of cities
- Elva
- Haapsalu
- Jõgeva
- Jõhvi
- Kehra
- Keila
- Kilingi-Nõmme
- Kiviõli
- Kohtla-Järve
- Kunda
- Kuressaare
- Loksa
- Maardu
- Mustvee
- Mõisaküla
- Narva
- Narva-Jõesuu
- Otepää
- Paide
- Põltsamaa
- Põlva
- Pärnu
- Rakvere
- Rapla
- Saue
- Sillamäe
- Sindi
- Suure-Jaani
- Tallinn
- Tamsalu
- Tapa
- Tartu
- Tõrva
- Türi
- Valga
- Viljandi
- Võhma
- Võru
External link
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "List of cities in Estonia."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
New Zealand cities - approximately from north to south - with approximate populations in 2002.Many cities were reorganised into districts by the Local Government Commission in 1989 under the Local Government Act 1974, for example, Tauranga. The 'newest' city is Invercargill, having been re-reorganised as a city in 1991. Another former city is Rotorua. Many towns, such as Timaru and Hastings, are often referred to incorrectly as cities, but are actually districts, not cities.
Under Section 27 of the Local Government Act 2002, a district may become a city by either a reorganisation scheme with the Local Government Commission, or it may, under Section 27(1), simply apply for a change in status under Schedule 3, Clause 7. Either way, the new city must have 'a population of not less than 50,000 persons', be 'predominantly urban' and 'a distinct entity and a major centre of activity within the region' (or regions) which it is encompassed by. Existing cities are grandfathered under Schedule 2, Part 2 of the Act.
Previously, under Section 37L of the Local Government Act 1974, new cities could only be formed from a reorganisation scheme. The same criteria were used.
See also:
- Territorial Authorities of New Zealand
- List of towns in New Zealand
Cities since 1989
North Island
Update: On 24 July, 2003, the Local Government Commission issued a decision recommending the Minister of Local Government give city status to the Tauranga District Council, 'lost' in the 1989 reorganisation with Mt Maunganui Borough Council. The new council name is already in use.
- Greater Auckland urban area 1,090,000
- Auckland (proclaimed 1871)
- North Shore (1991?)
- Manukau (1965)
- Waitakere
- Hamilton (1936) 145,000
- Napier (1950) 55,000
- Palmerston North (1930) 72,000
- Greater Wellington urban area 341,000
- Upper Hutt (1966) 36,660
- Porirua (1965)
- Lower Hutt (1941) (the council is Hutt City Council, and thus the city is popularly referred to as Hutt City) 95,500
- Wellington (1870) 163,824
South Island
- Nelson (1874) 42,000
- Christchurch (1868) 336,000
- Dunedin (1865) 106,000
- Invercargill (1991) 45,000
Cities during provincialism, 1852 to 1876
During provincialism in New Zealand ? from 1852 until abolition in 1876 ? there was no uniform system of local authorities in New Zealand. There is thus some argument over which of the following cities were the first.
The Municipal Corporations Act 1876 had the first schedule of cities, with the dates they were constituted. Dunedin was the first city in New Zealand to be described in an Act of Parliament as 'City of...', something now automatic under the Local Government Act 2002.
- Christchurch (November 1862, revoked June 1868, both by provincial ordinance and restored October 1868, by Act of Parliament)
- Nelson (1858, by Letters Patent)
- Otago (later Dunedin) (July 1865)
- Christchurch (28 May, 1868)
- Wellington (16 September, 1870)
- Auckland (24 April, 1871)
- Nelson (30 March, 1874)
- Dunedin (4 July, 1865)
Cities, 1877 to 1989
Up to October 1989, the Local Government Commission undertook a major reorganisation of local government. As a result, some cities were reorganised into other cities or changed to districts, and to this day some of these areas are still considered cities by many New Zealanders. This is a list as at circa 1986.
- North Island
- Auckland
- Auckland (1871)
- East Coast Bays
- Takapuna
- Birkenhead
- Waitemata (1974)
- Mt Albert
- Papatoetoe
- Manukau (1965)
- Papakura
- Tamaki
- Whangarei (1964)
- Hamilton (1936)
- New Plymouth (1949)
- Wanganui (1924)
- Gisborne (1955)
- Tauranga (1963)
- Rotorua (1962, merged into Rotorua District, 1979)
- Napier (1950)
- Palmerston North (1930)
- Hastings (1956)
- Wellington
- Wellington (1870)
- Upper Hutt (1966)
- Lower Hutt (1941)
- Porirua (1965)
- South Island
- Nelson (1874)
- Christchurch (1868)
- Timaru (1948)
- Dunedin (1865)
- Invercargill (1930)
External Links and Sources
- Tauranga status change, 2003 - specific details
- Local Government Commission press release (PDF)
- Local Government Commission decision full text (PDF)
- Tauranga's city status returns (New Zealand Herald, August 12, 2003).
- Gordon McLauchlan (Editor), Illustrated Encyclopedia of New Zealand, The, Auckland: David Bateman, 1989 (second edition) (ISBN 1869530071) - confirmation, pre-1989 dates
- Local Government Online Limited site - confirmation, post-1989 council names
- Map
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "List of cities in New Zealand."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
This is a list of cities and market towns in Sweden, that held their privileges (Stadsprivilegium) by Royal charter or by being established since ancient times. The cities lost their function as administrative entities in 1971, when they were replaced by the unitary authorities, which became the Municipalities of Sweden. The cities retains some symbolic tokens of their former liberties such as using a mural crown in their coats of arms. Apart from the chartered cities and market towns there are also Swedish towns that never held any special distinction.
Cities (with the year of charter)
- Alingsås (1619)
- Arboga (12th century)
- Arvika (1911)
- Askersund (1643)
- Avesta (1641-1686, and from 1919)
- Boden (1919)
- Bollnäs (1942)
- Borgholm (1816)
- Borlänge (1944)
- Borås (1622)
- Eksjö (1400)
- Enköping (1300)
- Eskilstuna (1659)
- Eslöv (1911)
- Fagersta (1944)
- Falkenberg (1558)
- Falköping (1200)
- Falsterbo (1200)
- Falun (1641)
- Filipstad (1611)
- Flen (1949)
- Gränna (1652)
- Gävle (1300)
- Göteborg (1619)
- Hagfors (1950)
- Halmstad (1200)
- Haparanda (1848)
- Hedemora (1400)
- Helsingborg (1085)
- Hjo (1400)
- Huskvarna (1911)
- Hudiksvall (1582)
- Härnösand (1585)
- Hässleholm (1914)
- Höganäs (1936)
- Jönköping (1284)
- Kalmar (1100)
- Karlshamn (1664)
- Karlskoga (1940)
- Karlskrona (1680)
- Karlstad (1584)
- Katrineholm (1917)
- Kiruna (1944)
- Kramfors (1947)
- Kristinehamn (1642)
- Kristianstad (1622)
- Kumla (1942)
- Kungsbacka (1400)
- Kungälv (1100)
- Köping (1474)
- Laholm (1200)
- Landskrona (1413)
- Lidingö (1926)
- Lidköping (1446)
- Lindesberg (1643)
- Linköping (1287)
- Ljungby (1936)
- Ludvika (1919)
- Luleå (1621)
- Lund (990)
- Lycksele (1946)
- Lysekil (1903)
- Malmö (1250)
- Mariefred (1605)
- Mariestad (1583)
- Marstrand (1200)
- Mjölby (1922)
- Motala (1881)
- Mölndal (1922)
- Nacka (1949)
- Nora (1643)
- Norrköping (1384)
- Norrtälje (1622)
- Nybro (1932)
- Nyköping (1187)
- Nynäshamn (1946)
- Nässjö (1914)
- Oskarshamn (1856)
- Oxelösund (1950)
- Piteå (1621)
- Ronneby (1387)
- Sandviken (1943)
- Sala (1624)
- Sigtuna (990)
- Simrishamn (1300)
- Skanör (1200)
- Skara (988)
- Skellefteå (1845)
- Skänninge (1200)
- Skövde (1400)
- Sollefteå (1917)
- Solna (1943)
- Stockholm (1250)
- Strängnäs (1336)
- Strömstad (1672)
- Sundbyberg (1927)
- Sundsvall (1624)
- Säffle (1951)
- Säter (1642)
- Sävsjö (1947)
- Söderhamn (1620)
- Söderköping (1200)
- Södertälje (1000)
- Sölvesborg (1445)
- Tidaholm (1910)
- Torshälla (1317)
- Tranås (1919)
- Trelleborg (1200)
- Trollhättan (1916)
- Trosa (1300)
- Uddevalla (1498)
- Ulricehamn (1400)
- Umeå (1622)
- Uppsala (1286)
- Vadstena (1400)
- Varberg (1100)
- Vaxholm (1652)
- Vetlanda (1920)
- Vimmerby (1400)
- Visby (1000)
- Vänersborg (1644)
- Värnamo (1920)
- Västervik (1200)
- Västerås (990)
- Växjö (1342)
- Ystad (1200)
- Åmål (1643)
- Ängelholm (1516)
- Örebro (1200)
- Öregrund (1491)
- Örnsköldsvik (1893)
- Östersund (1786)
- Östhammar (1300)
See also
- List of Swedish municipalities
- List of Swedish counties
- List of towns in Sweden
- List of cities in Finland
- List of cities
External link
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "List of cities in Sweden."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In the UK, city status is not automatically granted to a community meeting any particular criteria. It can only be obtained by receiving a Royal Charter. However some British cities which predate the historical monarchy have been regarded as cities since "time immemorial".Until the 1880s, a town was usually granted city status if and only if it had a diocesan cathedral within its limits. Nowdays the government holds competitions for city status, with towns submitting applications to the Lord Chancellor, who makes recomendations to the sovereign. These are usually held to mark special events, such as coronations or royal jubilees.
Some cities in England, Wales and Northern Ireland have the further distinction of having a Lord Mayor (as opposed to a Mayor). In Scotland the equivalent are Lord Provosts.
There are currently 66 cities (including thirty Lord Mayoralties or Lord Provostships) in the UK: 50 cities (23 Lord Mayoralties) in England, 5 cities (2 Lord Mayoralties) in Wales, 6 cities (4 Lord Provostships) in Scotland and 5 cities (1 Lord Mayoralty) in Northern Ireland. Cities with Lord Mayors or Lord Provosts are shown in bold. Those which have been cities since time immemorial have '-' in the since column.
City Since Cathedral* Gov. English Cities Bath 1590 Bath Abbey 3 Birmingham 1889 Birmingham Cathedral 1 Bradford 1897 Bradford Cathedral 1 Brighton & Hove 2000 none 1 Bristol 1542 Bristol Cathedral 1 Cambridge 1951 none 2 Canterbury - Christchurch Cathedral 2 Carlisle - Carlisle Cathedral 2 Chester - Chester Cathedral 2 Chichester - Chichester Cathedral 2 Coventry 1345 Coventry Cathedral 1 Derby 1977 Derby Cathedral 1 Durham - Durham Cathedral 2 Ely - Ely Cathedral 4 Exeter - Exeter Cathedral 2 Gloucester - Gloucester Cathedral 2 Hereford 1189 Hereford Cathedral 3 Kingston upon Hull 1299 none 1 Lancaster 1937 none 2 Leeds 1893 none 1 Leicester 1919 Leicester Cathedral 1 Lichfield 1553 Lichfield Cathedral 2 Lincoln - Lincoln Cathedral 2 Liverpool 1880 Liverpool Cathedral 1 London - St Paul's Cathedral 1 Manchester 1853 Manchester Cathedral 1 Newcastle upon Tyne 1882 Newcastle Cathedral 1 Norwich 1195 Norwich Cathedral 2 Nottingham 1897 none 1 Oxford 1542 Christ Church Cathedral 2 Peterborough 1541 Peterborough Cathedral 1 Plymouth 1928 none 1 Portsmouth 1926 Portsmouth Cathedral 1 Preston 2002 none 2 Ripon 1836 Ripon Cathedral 4 Rochester 1211 Rochester Cathedral 4 Salford 1926 none 1 Salisbury - Salisbury Cathedral 2 Sheffield 1893 Sheffield Cathedral 1 Southampton 1964 none 1 St Albans 1877 St Albans Cathedral 2 Stoke-on-Trent 1925 none 1 Sunderland 1992 none 1 Truro 1877 Truro Cathedral 4 Wakefield 1888 Wakefield Cathedral 1 Wells 1205 Wells Cathedral 4 Westminster 1540 Westminster Abbey 1 Winchester - Winchester Cathedral 2 Wolverhampton 2000 none 1 Worcester 1189 Worcester Cathedral 2 York - York Minster 1 Welsh Cities Bangor - Bangor Cathedral 3 Cardiff 1905 Llandaff Cathedral 1 Newport 2002 St. Woolos Cathedral 1 St. David's 1994 St. David's Cathedral 3 Swansea 1969 none 1 Scottish Cities Aberdeen 1891 Aberdeen Cathedral 1 Dundee 1889 none 1 Edinburgh 1329 Edinburgh Cathedral 1 Glasgow 1492 Glasgow Cathedral 1 Inverness 2000 none 3 Stirling 2002 none 3 Northern Irish Cities Armagh 1994 Saint Patrick's Cathedral 1 Belfast 1888 Cathedral Church of Saint Anne 1 Londonderry 1613 Saint Columb's Cathedral 1 Lisburn 2002 none 1 Newry 2002 none 1 1 - City is a unitary authority
2 - City is a district within an administrative county
3 - City is within a unitary authority and has no city council
4 - City is within a district and has no city council
*Cathedral or Episcopal Seat of the Estabished Church
See Also
- Towns of the United Kingdom
- United Kingdom
- UK topics
External links
- Government list of UK cities
- Map
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "List of cities in the United Kingdom."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Communities of the Province of Quebec, CanadaSee also: List of other Canadian Cities, Towns & Villages by Province
- Acton, Quebec
- Acton Vale, Quebec
- Alma, Quebec
- Allan's Corners, Quebec
- Amos, Quebec
- Amqui, Quebec
- Anjou, Quebec (now part of Montreal)
- Arundel, Quebec
- Asbestos, Quebec
- Ascot, Quebec (now part of Sherbrooke)
- Ayers Cliff, Quebec
- Aylmer, Quebec (now part of Gatineau)
- Baie-Comeau, Quebec
- Baie-d'Urfé, Quebec (now part of Montreal)
- Baie-James, Quebec
- Baie-Saint-Paul, Quebec
- Barraute, Quebec
- Basques, Quebec
- Beaconsfield, Quebec (now part of Montreal)
- Beauceville, Quebec
- Beauharnois, Quebec
- Beauport, Quebec (now part of Quebec City)
- Beaupré, Quebec
- Bécancour, Quebec
- Bedford, Quebec
- Beebe Plain, Quebec
- Bégin, Quebec
- Bellefeuille, Quebec
- Beloeil, Quebec
- Bernierville, Quebec
- Berthierville, Quebec
- Bic, Quebec
- Black Lake, Quebec
- Blainville, Quebec
- Boisbriand, Quebec
- Boischatel, Quebec
- Bois-des-Filion, Quebec
- Bonaventure, Quebec
- Boucherville, Quebec (now part of Longueuil)
- Brébeuf, Quebec
- Brome, Quebec
- Bromptonville, Quebec (now part of Sherbrooke)
- Brossard, Quebec (now part of Longueuil)
- Brownsburg, Quebec
- Buckingham, Quebec (now part of Gatineau)
- Cabano, Quebec
- Cacouna, Quebec
- Calumet, Quebec
- Campbells Bay, Quebec
- Candiac, Quebec
- Cantley, Quebec
- Cap-Ã -L'Aigle, Quebec
- Cap-aux-Meules, Quebec
- Cap-Chat, Quebec
- Cap-de-la-Madeleine, Quebec
- Cap-Rouge, Quebec (now part of Quebec City)
- Cap-Saint-Ignace, Quebec
- Cap-Santé, Quebec
- Carleton, Quebec
- Causapscal, Quebec
- Chambly, Quebec
- Chandler, Quebec
- Charlemagne, Quebec
- Charlesbourg, Quebec (now part of Quebec City)
- Charny, Quebec
- Chateau-Richer, Quebec
- Châteauguay, Quebec
- Chelsea, Quebec
- Chicoutimi, Quebec (now part of Saguenay)
- Chute-aux-Outardes, Quebec
- Chute-Saint-Philippe, Quebec
- Clermont, Quebec
- Coaticook, Quebec
- Coleraine, Quebec
- Compton, Quebec
- Contrecoeur, Quebec
- Cookshire, Quebec
- Coteau-du-Lac, Quebec
- Côte-des-Neiges, Quebec (now part of Montreal)
- Côte-Saint-Luc, Quebec (now part of Montreal)
- Cowansville, Quebec
- Crabtree, Quebec
- Crystal_Falls, Quebec
- Danville, Quebec
- Degelis, Quebec
- Delisle, Quebec
- Delson, Quebec
- Desbiens, Quebec
- Deschaillons-sur-Saint-Laurent, Quebec
- Deschambault, Quebec
- Des Ruisseaux, Quebec
- Deux-Montagnes, Quebec
- Disraeli, Quebec
- Dolbeau-Mistassini, Quebec
- Dollard-des-Ormeaux, Quebec (now part of Montreal)
- Donnacona, Quebec
- Dorion, Quebec
- Dorval, Quebec (now part of Montreal)
- Drummondville, Quebec
- Dunham, Quebec
- East Angus, Quebec
- East Broughton, Quebec
- Entrelacs, Quebec
- Estérel, Quebec
- Farnham, Quebec
- Ferme-Neuve, Quebec
- Fleurimont, Quebec (now part of Sherbrooke)
- Forestville, Quebec
- Fort-Coulonge, Quebec
- Fossambault-sur-le-Lac, Quebec
- Gaspé, Quebec
- Gatineau, Quebec
- Girardville, Quebec
- Glenville, Quebec
- Granby, Quebec
- Grande-ÃŽle, Quebec
- Grand-Mère, Quebec
- Grande-Rivière, Quebec
- Greenfield Park, Quebec (now part of Longueuil)
- Grenville, Quebec
- Grondines, Quebec
- Hampstead, Quebec (now a part of Montreal)
- Havelock, Quebec
- Havre-Saint-Pierre, Quebec
- Hebertville, Quebec
- Hemmingford, Quebec
- Henryville, Quebec
- Hinchinbrooke, Quebec
- Howick, Quebec
- Hudson, Quebec
- Hull, Quebec (now part of Gatineau)
- Huntingdon, Quebec
- Iberville, Quebec
- ÃŽle-Perrot, Quebec
- Inukjuaq, Quebec
- Ivry, Quebec
- Joliette, Quebec
- Jonquière, Quebec (now part of Saguenay)
- Kangiqsualujjuaq, Quebec
- Kingsey Falls, Quebec
- Kirkland, Quebec (now part of Montreal)
- Knowlton, Quebec
- Kuujjuaq, Quebec
- L'Ancienne-Lorette, Quebec (now part of Quebec City)
- L'Annonciation, Quebec
- L'Anse-Saint-Jean, Quebec
- L'Assomption, Quebec
- L'Avenir, Quebec
- L'Épiphanie, Quebec
- L'Isle Verte, Quebec
- L'Islet, Quebec
- La Baie, Quebec (now part of Saguenay)
- Labelle, Quebec
- La Dore, Quebec
- La Guadeloupe, Quebec
- La Macaza, Quebec
- La Malbaie-Pointe-au-Pic, Quebec
- La Minerve, Quebec
- La Pérade, Quebec
- La Pocatière, Quebec
- La Prairie, Quebec
- La Salle, Quebec (now part of Montreal)
- La Sarre, Quebec
- La Tuque, Quebec
- Lac-Ã -la-Croix, Quebec
- Lac-au-Saumon, Quebec
- Lac-Bouchette, Quebec
- Lac-Brome, quebec
- Lac-Drolet, Quebec
- Lac-Etchemin, Quebec
- Lac-Mégantic, Quebec
- Lac-Nominique, Quebec
- Lac-Supérieur, Quebec
- Lachine, Quebec (now part of Montreal)
- Lachute, Quebec
- Lacolle, Quebec
- Lanorie-d'Autray, Quebec
- Laurentides, Quebec
- Laurier-Station, Quebec
- Laurierville, Quebec
- Laval, Quebec
- Lavaltrie, Quebec
- Lebel-sur-Quévillon, Quebec
- Le Gardeur, Quebec
- Lennoxville, Quebec (now part of Sherbrooke)
- Léry, Quebec
- Les Escoumins, Quebec
- Les Mechins, Quebec
- Lévis, Quebec
- Longueuil, Quebec
- Loretteville, Quebec (now part of Quebec City)
- Lotbinière, Quebec
- Louiseville, Quebec
- Luceville, Quebec
- Lyster, Quebec
- Macamic, Quebec
- Magog, Quebec
- Malartic, Quebec
- Maniwaki, Quebec
- Mansonville, Quebec
- Maple Grove, Quebec (now part of Beauharnois)
- Marieville, Quebec
- Mascouche, Quebec
- Maskinonge, Quebec
- Matagami, Quebec
- Matane, Quebec
- Melocheville, Quebec (now part of Beauharnois)
- Mercier, Quebec
- Metabetchouan, Quebec
- Mirabel, Quebec
- Mistassini, Quebec
- Mont-Joli, Quebec
- Mont-Laurier, Quebec
- Mont-Rolland, Quebec
- Mont-Royal, Quebec (now part of Montreal)
- Mont-Tremblant, Quebec
- Montebello, Quebec
- Montmagny, Quebec
- Montreal, Quebec
- Morin Heights, Quebec
- Murdochville, Quebec
- Napierville, Quebec
- Neuville, Quebec
- New Richmond, Quebec
- Nicolet, Quebec
- Normandin, Quebec
- Normetal, Quebec
- North Hatley, Quebec
- Notre-Dame-du-Lac, Quebec
- Oka, Quebec
- Ormstown, Quebec
- Outremont, Quebec (now part of Montreal)
- Papineauville, Quebec
- Percé, Quebec
- Piedmont, Quebec
- Pierrefonds, Quebec(now part of Montreal)
- Pierreville, Quebec
- Pincourt, Quebec
- Plessisville, Quebec
- Pohenegamook, Quebec
- Pointe-Calumet, Quebec
- Pointe-Claire, Quebec (now part of Montreal)
- Pointe-du-Lac, Quebec
- Pointe-Fortune, Quebec
- Pont-Rouge, Quebec
- Port-Cartier, Quebec
- Portneuf, Quebec
- Povungnituq, Quebec
- Prévost, Quebec
- Price, Quebec
- Princeville, Quebec
- Quebec City, Quebec
- Rawdon, Quebec
- Répentigny, Quebec
- Richmond, Quebec
- Rigaud, Quebec
- Rimouski, Quebec
- Rimouski Est, Quebec
- Rivière-Beaudette, Quebec
- Rivière-Bleue, Quebec
- Rivière-du-Loup, Quebec
- Robertsonville, Quebec
- Roberval, Quebec
- Rock Island, Quebec
- Rosemère, Quebec
- Rougemont, Quebec
- Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec
- Roxton Falls, Quebec
- Roxton Pond, Quebec
- Saint-Adolphe-d'Howard, Quebec
- Saint-Alban, Quebec
- Saint-Ambroise, Quebec
- Saint-André-Avellin, Quebec
- Saint-André-Est, Quebec
- Saint-Anicet, Quebec
- Saint-Anselme, Quebec
- Saint-Antoine, Quebec
- Saint-Apollinaire, Quebec
- Saint-Aubert, Quebec
- Saint-Augustin-Desmaures, Quebec (now part of Quebec City)
- Saint-Barthélemy, Quebec
- Saint-Basile, Quebec
- Saint-Basile-le-Grand, Quebec
- Saint-Boniface-de-Shawinigan, Quebec
- Saint-Bruno, Quebec (now part of Longueuil)
- Saint-Camille-de-Lellis, Quebec
- Saint-Casimir, Quebec
- Saint-Charles de Bellechasse, Quebec
- Saint-Chrysostome, Quebec
- Saint-Clet, Quebec
- Saint-Colomban, Quebec
- Saint-Côme-Linière, Quebec
- Saint-Constant, Quebec
- Saint-Cuthbert, Quebec
- Saint-Damase, Quebec
- Saint-Damien, Quebec
- Saint-Denis, Quebec
- Saint-Dominique, Quebec
- Saint-Donat, Quebec
- Saint-Elzéar, Quebec
- Saint-Étienne-de-Beauharnois, Quebec
- Saint-Eustache, Quebec
- Saint-Félicien, Quebec
- Saint-Félix-de-Valois, Quebec
- Saint-Ferreol, Quebec
- Saint-Flavien, Quebec
- Saint-François-du-Lac, Quebec
- Saint-Fulgence, Quebec
- Saint-Gabriel, Quebec
- Saint-Gédéon, Quebec
- Saint-Georges, Quebec
- Saint-Germaine de Grantham, Quebec
- Saint-Gervais, Quebec
- Saint-Gilles, Quebec
- Saint-Guillaume-Nord, Quebec
- Saint-Hippolyte, Quebec
- Saint-Honoré, Quebec
- Saint-Hubert, Quebec (now part of Longueuil)
- Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec
- Saint-Ignace-de-Loyola, Quebec
- Saint-Isidore, Quebec
- Saint-Jacques, Quebec
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec
- Saint-Jérôme, Quebec
- Saint-Joachim, Quebec
- Saint-Joseph-de-Beauce, Quebec
- Saint-Jovite, Quebec
- Saint-Lambert, Quebec (now part of Longueuil)
- Saint-Laurent, Quebec (now part of Montreal)
- Saint-Lazare, Quebec
- Saint-Léonard, Quebec (now part of Montreal)
- Saint-Lin, Quebec
- Saint-Louis-du-Ha! Ha!, Quebec
- Saint-Marc-des-Carrières, Quebec
- Saint-Michel-de-Bellechasse, Quebec
- Saint-Michel-des-Saints, Quebec
- Saint-Nicolas, Quebec
- Saint-Nobert, Quebec
- Saint-Pacôme, Quebec
- Saint-Pamphile, Quebec
- Saint-Pascal, Quebec
- Saint-Paul de Montminy, Quebec
- Saint-Pie, Quebec
- Saint-Polycarpe, Quebec
- Saint-Prime, Quebec
- Saint-Raphael, Quebec
- Saint-Raymond, Quebec
- Saint-Rémi, Quebec
- Saint-Roch-de-L'Achigan, Quebec
- Saint-Romuald, Quebec
- Saint-Sauveur-des-Monts, Quebec
- Saint-Siméon, Quebec
- Saint-Télésphore, Quebec
- Saint-Timothée, Quebec (now part of Salaberry-de-Valleyfield)
- Saint-Tite, Quebec
- Saint-Valentin, Quebec
- Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, Quebec
- Saint-Victor, Quebec
- Saint-Zacharie, Quebec
- Saint-Zénon, Quebec
- Saint-Zotique, Quebec
- Sainte-Adèle, Quebec
- Sainte-Agathe-des-Monts, Quebec
- Sainte-Angèle-de-Merici, Quebec
- Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré, Quebec
- Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec (now part of Montreal)
- Sainte-Anne-des-Lacs, Quebec
- Sainte-Anne-des-Monts, Quebec
- Sainte-Blandine, Quebec
- Sainte-Clotilde-de-Châteauguay, Quebec
- Sainte-Croix, Quebec
- Sainte-Émilie-de-l'Énergie, Quebec
- Sainte-Foy, Quebec (now part of Quebec City)
- Sainte-Julie, Quebec
- Sainte-Justine-de-Newton, Quebec
- Sainte-Madeleine, Quebec
- Sainte-Madeleine-de-Rigaud, Quebec
- Sainte-Marie, Quebec
- Sainte-Marthe, Quebec
- Sainte-Martine, Quebec
- Sainte-Mélanie, Quebec
- Sainte-Perpétue, Quebec
- Sainte-Pétronille, Quebec
- Sainte-Thecle, Quebec
- Sainte-Thérèse, Quebec
- Sainte-Véronique, Quebec
- Salaberry-de-Valleyfield, Quebec
- Salluit, Quebec
- Sault-au-Mouton, Quebec
- Sawyerville, Quebec
- Sayabec, Quebec
- Senneterre, Quebec
- Sept-ÃŽles, Quebec
- Shawinigan, Quebec
- Shawville, Quebec
- Sherbrooke, Quebec
- Sillery, Quebec (now part of Quebec City)
- Sorel, Quebec (now part of Sorel-Tracy)
- Sorel-Tracy, Quebec
- Squatec, Quebec
- Stanstead, Quebec
- Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury, Quebec
- Sutton, Quebec
- Tadoussac, Quebec
- Terrebonne, Quebec
- Thetford Mines, Quebec
- Thurso, Quebec
- Tracy, Quebec (now part of Sorel-Tracy)
- Tring-Jonction, Quebec
- Trois-Pistoles, Quebec
- Trois-Rivières, Quebec
- Val-Barrette, Quebec
- Val-Bélair, Quebec (now part of Quebec City)
- Val-David, Quebec
- Val-d'Or, Quebec
- Valcourt, Quebec
- Vallée-Jonction, Quebec
- Val-Morin, Quebec
- Vanier, Quebec (now part of Quebec City)
- Varennes, Quebec
- Vaudreuil, Quebec (now part of Vaudreuil-Dorion)
- Vaudreuil-Dorion, Quebec
- Verchères, Quebec
- Verdun, Quebec (now part of Montreal)
- Victoriaville, Quebec
- Ville-Marie, Quebec
- Wakefield, Quebec
- Warwick, Quebec
- Waterloo, Quebec
- Waterville, Quebec
- Weedon Centre, Quebec
- Westmount, Quebec (now part of Montreal)
- Windsor, Quebec
- Yamachiche, Quebec
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "List of communities in Quebec."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
This is a list of towns in Finland. In the year 1977 the juridical difference between cities, towns and municipalities were removed. Today only municipalities are recognized, some of which are commonly referred to as towns (kaupunki in Finnish, stad in Swedish). For towns founded before the 1960s the list includes the year the town was chartered.
Towns (founded)
See also: Municipalities of Finland, Provinces of Finland, List of towns in Sweden, List of cities
- Alajärvi (1986)
- Alavus (1977)
- Anjalankoski (1977)
- Espoo (1972)
- Forssa (1964)
- Haapajärvi (1977)
- Haapavesi
- Hamina (1653)
- Hanko (1874)
- Harjavalta (1977)
- Heinola (1839)
- Helsinki (1550)
- Huittinen (1977)
- Hyvinkää (1960)
- Hämeenlinna (1639)
- Iisalmi (1891)
- Ikaalinen (1977)
- Imatra (1971)
- Joensuu (1848)
- Juankoski
- Jyväskylä (1837)
- Jämsä (1977)
- Jämsänkoski (1986)
- Järvenpää (1967)
- Kaarina
- Kajaani (1651)
- Kankaanpää (1972)
- Kannus (1986)
- Karjaa (1977)
- Karkkila (1977)
- Kaskinen (1785)
- Kauhajoki
- Kauhava (1986)
- Kauniainen (1972)
- Kemi (1869)
- Kemijärvi (1973)
- Kerava (1970)
- Keuruu (1986)
- Kitee
- Kiuruvesi
- Kokemäki (1977)
- Kokkola (1620)
- Kotka (1878)
- Kouvola (1960)
- Kristiinankaupunki (1649)
- Kuhmo (1986)
- Kuopio (1782)
- Kurikka (1977)
- Kuusamo
- Kuusankoski (1973)
- Lahti (1905)
- Laitila (1986)
- Lappeenranta (1649)
- Lapua (1977)
- Lieksa (1973)
- Lohja (1969)
- Loimaa (1969)
- Loviisa (1745)
- Maarianhamina (1861)
- Mikkeli (1838)
- Mänttä (1973)
- Naantali (1443)
- Nilsiä
- Nivala
- Nokia (1977)
- Nurmes (1974)
- Närpiö
- Orimattila
- Orivesi (1986)
- Oulainen (1977)
- Oulu (1605)
- Outokumpu (1977)
- Paimio
- Parainen (1977)
- Parkano (1977)
- Pieksämäki (1962)
- Pietarsaari (1652)
- Pori (1558)
- Porvoo (1346)
- Pyhäjärvi
- Raahe (1649)
- Rauma (1442)
- Raisio (1974)
- Riihimäki (1960)
- Rovaniemi (1960)
- Saarijärvi (1986)
- Salo (1960)
- Savonlinna (1639)
- Seinäjoki (1960)
- Somero
- Suolahti (1977)
- Suonenjoki (1977)
- Tammisaari (1546)
- Tampere (1779)
- Toijala (1977)
- Tornio (1621)
- Turku (1200-1300)
- Ulvila
- Uusikaarlepyy (1620)
- Uusikaupunki (1617)
- Vaasa (1606)
- Valkeakoski (1963)
- Vammala (1965)
- Vantaa (1974)
- Varkaus (1962)
- Viitasaari
- Virrat (1977)
- Ylivieska (1971)
- Ähtäri (1986)
- Äänekoski (1973)
External link
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "List of towns in Finland."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The following is a list of lists of communes of France. Sorted by département:1- Ain - Communes of the Ain département
2- Aisne - Communes of the Aisne département
3- Allier - Communes of the Allier département
4- Alpes-de-Haute-Provence - Communes of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence département
5- Hautes-Alpes - Communes of the Hautes-Alpes département
6- Alpes-Maritimes - Communes of the Alpes-Maritimes département
7- Ardèche - Communes of the Ardèche département
8- Ardennes - Communes of the Ardennes département
9- Ariège - Communes of the Ariège département
10- Aube - Communes of the Aube département
11- Aude - Communes of the Aude département
12- Aveyron - Communes of the Aveyron département
13- Bouches-du-Rhône - Communes of the Bouches-du-Rhône département
14- Calvados - Communes of the Calvados département
15- Cantal - Communes of the Cantal département
16- Charente - Communes of the Charente département
17- Charente-Maritime - Communes of the Charente-Maritime département
18- Cher - Communes of the Cher département
19- Corrèze - Communes of the Corrèze département
2a- Corse-du-Sud - Communes of the Corse-du-Sud département
2b- Haute-Corse - Communes of the Haute-Corse d
