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Definition: Automobile |
AutomobileNoun1. 4-wheeled motor vehicle; usually propelled by an internal combustion engine; "he needs a car to get to work". Verb1. Travel in an automobile. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "automobile" was first used: 1895. (references) |
Etymology: Automobile \Au`to*mo"bile\, noun. [French expression]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
19th Century Satire | From Eng. ought to, and Lat. moveo, to move. A vehicle which ought to move, but frequently can't. Source: Foolish Dictionary, 1904. |
Dream Interpretation | To dream that you ride in an automobile, denotes that you will be restless under pleasant conditions, and will make a change in your affairs. There is grave danger of impolitic conduct intimated through a dream of this nature. If one breaks down with you, the enjoyment of a pleasure will not extend to the heights you contemplate. To find yourself escaping from the path of one, signifies that you will do well to avoid some rival as much as you can honestly allow. For a young woman to look for one, she will be disappointed in her aims to entice some one into her favor. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
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An automobile, usually called a car (an old word for carriage), is a wheeled vehicle that carries its own engine. (Older terms include motor car, with "motor" referring to what is now usually called the engine, and horseless carriage.) It has seats for the driver and, almost without exception, for at least one passenger.
General
The vehicle is designed to travel on roads, although some, notably sport utility vehicles, allow off-road driving. Roads and highways are shared with other traffic such as motorcycles, tractor trailer and farm implements.
The typical vehicle has just an internal combustion engine and four wheels, although in 2001, gas-electric hybrid engine-powered cars have begun to enter the market. Other vehicles run on electricity and fuel cells. Three-wheeled automobiles have been built, but are not common due to stability problems.
Automobiles/cars come in configurations such as
See car classification.
- Bubble car
- Convertible
- Hatchback
- Sedan
- Sports coupé
- Coupé convertible
- Station wagon or Estate car
- Sport utility vehicles (SUVs)
- Pickup trucks
- Truck (or lorry)
- Van and minivan.
History
The first vehicles were steam engine powered, then electric vehicles were produced by a small number of manufacturers. Later on gasoline (petrol) and diesel engines were implemented.
Steam-powered self propelled vehicles were devised in the late 18th century. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot successfully demonstrated such a vehicle as early as 1769.
Cugnot's invention initially saw little application in his native France, and the center of innovation passed to Britain, where Richard Trevithick was running a steam-carriage in 1801. Such vehicles enjoyed a vogue for a time, and over the next decades such innovations as hand brakes, multi-speed transmissions, and improved speed and steering were developed. Some were commercially successfull in providing mass transit, until a backlash against these large speedy vehicles resulted in passing laws that self-propelled vehicles on public roads in Britain must be proceeded by a man on foot waving a red flag and blowing a horn (!). This effectively killed road auto development in the UK for most of the rest of the 19th century, as inventors and engineers shifted their efforts to improvements in railway locomotives.
It is generally claimed that the first automobiles with gasoline powered internal combustion engines were completed almost simultaneously in 1886 by German inventors working independently, Gottlieb Daimler on 3 July 1886 in Mannheim and later Karl Benz and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart. The major breakthrough came with the historic drive of Berta Benz in 1888. Steam, electric, and gasoline powered autos competed for decades, with gasoline internal combustion engines achieving dominence in the 1910s.
The first automobile patent in the United States was granted to Oliver Evans in 1789; in 1804 Evens demonstrated his first successfull self-propelled vehicle, which not only was the first automobile in the USA but was also the first amphibious vehicle, as his steam-powered vehicle was able to travel on wheels on land and via a paddle wheel in the water. On November 5, 1895, George B. Selden was granted the a United States patent for a two-stroke automobile engine. This patent did more to hinder than encourage development of autos in the USA until it was overturned on a challenge by Henry Ford.
The large scale, production-line manufacturing of affordable automobiles was debuted by Oldsmobile in 1902, then greatly expanded by Henry Ford in the 1910s. Early automobiles were often referred to as 'horseless carriages', which gives some idea of their design.
Cadillac introduced the electric-self starter in 1911. This device greatly helped the ease of use and popularity of the internal combustion engine auto.
1934 saw the introduction of front wheel drive by Citroën with the launch of their Traction Avant.
Alternative fuels for the gasoline (or petrol) engine have been around for many years. During World War II, coal gas was used. Methanol and ethanol (alcohols) are used as petrol extenders in some countries, notably in Australia and the United States. Methanol is often used as a fuel for racing cars.
Automobiles have changed the world with the advent of personal rapid transit. The automobile had a particulary strong impact on America.
In many countries, plentiful supplies of natural gas have seen methane sold as compressed natural gas (CNG) and propane sold as liquified petroleum gas (LPG) alongside petrol and diesel fuels since the 1970s. While a standard automotive engine will run on these fuels, there are some performance differences, notably a loss of power, due to the slower combustion of the alternative fuels. The power loss can often be reduced or eliminated by retuning the engine ignition, or fitting an electronic dual fuel ignition system that compensates for the slower burning fuel. The need to equip filling stations and vehicles with pressure vessels to hold these gaseous fuels and the more stringent safety inspections means that they are only economical in high mileage vehicles or if there are installation incentives. They are most economical where petrol has high taxes and the alternative fuels do not.
The many varieties of automobile racing (also called motorcar racing) collectively constitute one of the most popular categories of sport in the world.
Safety
Accidents seem as old as automobile vehicles themselves. Joseph Cugnot crashed his steam-powered "Fardier" against a wall in 1770. The first recorded automobile fatality was Henry Bliss on September 13, 1899 in New York, New York.
Every year thousands of people are killed in traffic, either by crashing into something, or by being crashed into. Major factors in accidents include driving under the influence of alcohol or other drugs, inattentive driving, overtired driving, road hazards such as snow, potholes and animals, and reckless driving. Special safety features have been built into cars for years (some for the safety of car's occupants only, some for the safety of others):
There are standard tests for safety in new automobiles, like the EuroNCAP. Despite these technological advances, the death toll of car accidents remains high: about 40,000 people die every year in the US, a number which increases annually in line with rising population and increased travel (although the rate per capita and per mile travelled decreases steadily), and a similar number in Europe. A much higher number of accidents result in permanent disability.
- ABS, Anti-lock Braking System, which prevents the car from skidding
- Airbags, which inflate in a crash to cushion the blow of a head on the dashboard
- ESP, Electronic Skid Prevention.
- crumple zones, which buffers the impact when the car hits something
- seat belts (or safety belts), which keep a person from being thrown forward
- cage construction
Renewable energy and the future
With heavy taxes on fuel, particularly in Europe, tightening environmental laws in the United States, particularly in California, and the possibility of further restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions, work on alternative power systems for vehicles continues.
Nowadays diesel cars can use 100% pure biodiesel, a fuel made from vegetable oils.
Attempts at building viable battery-powered electric vehicles continued throughout the 1990s (notably General Motors with the EV1), but cost, speed and inferior driving range made them unviable.
Current research and development is centred on "hybrid" vehicles that use both electric and combustion (pollution) power, and longer-term efforts are based around electric vehicles powered by fuel cells.
Other alternatives being explored involve methane and hydrogen-burning vehicles, fuel cells, and even the stored energy of compressed air (see Air Engine).
Major possible subsystems of a standard automobile
- engine
- carburetor or fuel injection
- fuel pump
- engine configuration (V8, V6, V12, straight four, six, eights, flat-fours and sixes etc).
- engine management systems
- exhaust system
- ignition system
- self starter
- pollution control devices
- turbo-chargers and superchargers
- front engine
- rear engine
- middle engine
- drivetrain
- transmission (gearbox)
- manual transmission
- automatic transmission
- 2 Wheel Drive
- 4 Wheel Drive
- differential
- limited slip differential
- axle
- Live axle
- brakes
- disc brakes
- drum brakes
- anti-lock braking systems (ABS)
- wheels and tires
- steering
- rack and pinion
- Ackermann steering geometry
- Castor angle
- Camber angle
- Kingpin
- suspension
- MacPherson strut
- wishbone
- double wishbone
- multi-link
- torsion beam
- semi-trailing arm
- axle
- body
- crumple zones
- monocoque (or unibody) construction
- interior equipment
- passive safety
- seat belts
- airbags
- controls
- seats
- ancillary equipment such as stereos, air conditioning, cruise control, positioning systems, cup holders, etc.
Related articles
- armored car
- carpool
- crash
- diesel cycle; four-stroke cycle; two-stroke cycle; Miller cycle
- future of the car
- flying car
- list of automobile manufacturers
- parking meter
- parking ramp
- road
- Road Safety
- tank
- traffic law
- urban car
- Wankel rotary engine
External links
Cars 1917 to 2003
1917 Hudson Phaeton
Larger version
1934 Austin Berkeley
Larger version
1967 BMC Wolseley 6/110
Larger version
2000 Ford Focus wagon
Larger version
1973 Australian Ford XB Falcon GT 351
1964 Chevrolet Biscayne
1991 Saturn SL-1
Larger version
circa 1960 GAZ Chaika parade car
2003 Saturn ION2 (left), 2003 Chevrolet Corvette
Larger version
1937 Chrysler Airflow, 2002 Chrysler PT Cruiser
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Automobile."
Hyundai Motor Company
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Hyundai Motor Company (HMC), a South Korean company, is the automotive arm of Hyundai and is principally engaged in the business of manufacturing and selling automobiles.In 1998, acquired Kia Motors.
In 2000, established a strategic alliance with DaimlerChrysler.
In 2000, severed its partnership with the Hyundai Business Group.
In 2001, Daimler-Hyundai Truck Corporation inaugurated.
External links
- Company website: http://www.hyundai-motor.com/
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Hyundai Motor Company."
List of automobile manufacturers
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Automobile marques from the earliest produced to those being manufactured today. Note these are automobile makers rather than individual types.
Australia
- Holden
- Lightburn
- Hartnett
Belgium
- FN
- Germain
- Miesse
- Minerva
- Nagant
- Vivinus
Brazil
- Gurgel
- Puma
Britain
- AC
- Allard
- Alvis
- Ariel
- Armstrong Siddeley
- Ashley
- Aston Martin
- Austin
- Austin-Healey
- Bentley
- Berkeley
- Bond
- Bristol
- BSA
- Caterham
- Clan
- Daimler
- Dellow
- De Lorean
- Elva
- Fairthorpe
- Ford
- Frazer Nash
- Gilbern
- Ginetta
- Gordon-Keeble
- Hillman
- Humber
- Jaguar
- James and Browne
- Jensen
- Jowett
- Lagonda
- Lanchester
- Land Rover
- Lea-Francis
- Lister
- Locost
- Lotus
- Marcos
- McLaren
- MG
- Morgan
- Morris
- Mini
- Ogle
- Panther
- Peerless/Warwick
- Piper
- Range Rover
- Reliant
- Riley
- Rochdale
- Rolls-Royce
- Rover
- Singer
- Standard
- Sterling
- Sunbeam
- Swallow
- Talbot
- Tornado
- Trident
- Triumph
- Turner
- TVR
- Vanden Plas
- Vauxhall
- Wolseley
Canada
- Bricklin
- McLaughlin
Czech Republic
- Aero
- Jawa
- Laurin & Klement
- Praga
- Skoda
- Tatra
- Walter
Denmark
- Kewet
Finland
- Valmet
France
- Amilcar
- Alpine, aka. Alpine-Renault
- Bonnet
- Bugatti
- CD
- CG
- Citroën
- DB
- De Dion-Bouton
- Delage
- Delahaye
- Delaunay-Belleville
- Facel Vega
- Ford (France) 1947-1954 Poissy (factory sold to Simca)
- Gordini
- Hispano-Suiza
- Hotchkiss
- Ligier
- Lorraine-Dietrich
- Mathis
- Matford
- Matra
- Motobloc
- Panhard
- Peugeot
- Renault
- Rosengart
- Simca
- Sizaire-Naudin
- Talbot
- Tracta
- Venturi
- Voisin
Germany
- Amphicar
- Audi
- Benz
- Borgward
- BMW
- Daimler
- DKW
- Fend
- Ford
- Goggomobil
- Heinkel/Trojan
- MAN
- Maybach
- Mercedes
- Merkur
- Messerschmitt
- NSU
- Opel
- Porsche
- Smart
- Stoewer
- Trabant
- Volkswagen (VW)
- Wartburg
- Wanderer
Ireland
- Thomond
India
- Bajaj Tempo
- Hindustan
- Mahindra
- Maruti
- Premier
- Reva
- San Storm
- Sipani
- Tata
Italy
- Abarth
- Alfa Romeo
- Autobianchi
- Bugatti Automobili SpA
- De Tomaso
- Dino
- Ferrari
- Fiat
- Iso
- Innocenti
- Isotta Fraschini
- Itala
- Lamborghini
- Lancia
- Maserati
- OM
- Piaggio
- Qvale
- Vespa
- Zust
Japan
- Daihatsu
- Honda (also Acura)
- Isuzu
- Mazda
- Mitsubishi
- Mitsuoka
- Nissan aka. Datsun (also Infiniti)
- Subaru
- Suzuki
- Toyota (also Lexus)
Malaysia
- Proton
Netherlands
- Spyker
- DAF
North Korea
- Pyonghwa
- Tokchon
Norway
- Kewet
- Think aka. Pivco.
- Troll
Poland
- Stoewer
- Syrena
Romania
- Aro
- Dacia
- Marta
- Oltcit
Russia
- Chaika
- GAZ
- KAvZ
- Lada aka VAZ
- LZh
- Moskvitch
- PAZ
- UAZ
- Volga
- ZIS
- ZIL
Slovenia
- IMV
- TAM
South Korea
- GM Daewoo Motors
- Hyundai
- Kia Motors
- Renault Samsung Motors
- SsangYong
Spain
- Pegaso
- SEAT
Sweden
- Koenigsegg
- Saab
- Scania
- Thulin
- Tidaholm
- Tjorven, sold as Kalmar on the export market
- Vabis
- Volvo
Switzerland
- Monteverdi
Ukraine
- ZAZ
United States
There were over 1800 automobile manufacturers in the United States from 1896 to 1930. Very few survived and only a few new ones were started after that period.
Major current US Automakers
With their various brand-names, many of which earlier had been independent companies:
- Daimler-Chrysler
- Chrysler
- Dodge
- Eagle
- Jeep
- Plymouth
- General Motors
- AM General
- Buick
- Cadillac
- Chevrolet
- Geo
- GMC
- Hummer
- Oldsmobile
- Pontiac
- Saturn
- Ford
- Continental
- Edsel
- Lincoln
- Mercury
Other US auto makers
- Ace Motor Corp
- AC Propulsion
- Aerocar
- Ajax
- Allen
- Allstate
- Ambassador
- American Electric
- American Motors
- American Voiturette Company
- Anderson Electric Car Company (later Detroit Electric)
- Anhut Motor Car Company
- Apperson
- Armstrong Electric
- Auburn
- Austin Automobile
- Avanti
- Baker Electric
- Beaver
- Bobbie Kar
- Buffalo Electric
- Briscoe Motor Company
- Briggs-Detroiter
- Brush Motor Car Company
- Chalmers
- Chandler
- Chaparral
- Checker Cab
- Church
- Cleveland Electric
- Clenet
- Cole
- Colonial
- Columbia Electric
- Columbia Motors
- Commerce
- Consolidated Motor Company
- Cord Automobile
- Courier
- Crawford Automobile
- Crosley
- Crow-Elkhart
- Cunningham
- Day Automobile Company
- Dayton Electric
- Davis
- Del Mar
- De Lorean
- Demotcar
- De Soto
- Detroit Automobile (1899-1901)
- Detroit-Dearborn
- Detroit Electric
- Diplomat
- Doble
- Dort
- Durant
- Duryea
- Duesenberg
- Electrakar
- Electric Carriage and Wagon Company (1896-1897) becomes Electric Vehicle Company
- Electric Vehicle Company (1897-1909) becomes Columbia
- Electrobat
- E-M-F Company
- Essex
- Everitt
- Excelsior
- Excaliber
- Flint Motor Company
- Franklin
- Frazer
- Frazer Nash
- Frazier
- Graham
- Gregory
- Harrison
- Herreshoff
- Hollier
- Hoppenstand
- Huber
- Hudson
- Hupp
- Imperial
- International Harvester
- Jackson Automobile Company
- Jeffrey
- Johnson Service Company
- Jordan
- Kaiser
- Keller
- King Motor Car Company
- Kingsway
- Kissel Motor Car Company
- K-R-I-T Motor Car Company
- LaFayette
- Liberty
- Lion Motor Car Company
- Locomobile
- Marmon
- Martin
- Maxwell
- Maxwell-Briscoe
- Metzger Motor Car Company
- Michigan Automobile Company
- Michigan Motor Car Manufacturing Company
- Munson Company
- Muntz
- Mustang
- Overland, (Willys)
- National
- Nash
- Northern Manufacturing Company
- Northway
- Oakland
- Packard
- Paige
- Panoz
- Parry Auto Company
- W.A. Paterson Company
- Peerless
- Pierce-Arrow
- Playboy
- Pope
- Publix
- Pup
- Queen
- Rambler
- Republic
- Reo
- Riker Electric
- Rocket
- Russell-Knight
- Sampson
- Saxon Motor Car Company
- Scarab (Reventlow)
- Sears, Roebuck Company
- Standard Motor Company
- Stanley
- Stearns
- Stevens-Duryea
- Stoddard
- Stout-Scarab
- Studebaker
- Stutz
- Thomas-Detroit
- Towne Shopper
- Tucker
- United States Motor Company
- Warren-Detroit
- Waverley Electric
- Welch Motor Car Company
- White
- Willys
- Winton
- Woods Electric
- Zimmer
Yugoslavia
Please move the following to the appropriate country:
- Zastava, sold as Yugo
Many of the above mentioned brands no longer exist as separate companies. Some are totally extinct, and some are owned by larger companies. The companies and company groups are:
- BMG
See also: Lists of companies
- BMW
- Daimler-Chrysler
- Fiat
- Ford
- GAZ
- General Motors
- Honda
- Mitsubishi
- Renault
- Peugeot
- Toyota
- VAG
External Link
- Car makes of the world, 1894 - present, presenting more than 3700 makes
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "List of automobile manufacturers."
Abbreviations & Acronyms: Automobile
The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. Entry Source Expression Field AU English Automobile Transportation Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).
Synonyms: Automobile
Synonyms: auto (n), car (n), machine (n), motorcar (n). (additional references)Synonyms within Context: Automobile
Context Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). Journey
Vehicle; automobile, train, bus, airplane, plane, autobus, omnibus, subway, motorbike, dirt bike, off-road vehicle, van, minivan, motor scooter',trolley, locomotive; legs, feet, pegs, pins, trotters.
Vehicle
Motor car, automobile, limousine, car, auto, jalopy, clunker, lemon, flivver, coupe, sedan, two-door sedan, four-door sedan, luxury sedan; wheels, sports car, roadster, gran turismo, jeep, four-wheel drive vehicle, electric car, steamer; golf cart, electric wagon; taxicab, cab, taxicoach, checker cab, yellow cab; station wagon, family car; motorcycle, motor bike, side car; van, minivan, bus, minibus, microbus; truck, wagon, pick-up wagon, pick-up, tractor-trailer, road train, articulated vehicle; racing car, racer, hot rod, stock car, souped-up car.
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.
Crosswords: Automobile
English words defined with "automobile": automobile engine, automobile horn, automobile loan, automobile tire, automobile trunk. (references) Specialty definitions using "automobile": APPRAISER, AUTOMOBILE DAMAGE, AUTOMOBILE LOCATOR, automobile mechanic, radiator, automobile parker, AUTOMOBILE RACER, automobile rental agent, AUTOMOBILE RENTAL CLERK, automobile rental representative, AUTOMOBILE WRECKER ♦ BONDER, AUTOMOBILE BRAKES ♦ CONTRACT CLERK, AUTOMOBILE ♦ estimator, automobile damage ♦ INFORMATION CLERK, AUTOMOBILE CLUB ♦ MANAGER, AUTOMOBILE SERVICE STATION, MOLDER, AUTOMOBILE CARPETS ♦ TRAVEL COUNSELOR, AUTOMOBILE CLUB. (references) Non-English Usage: "Automobile" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. French (automobile, car, motor car, motorcar, motor-car), Italian (auto, automobile, car, motor, motor car, motorcar).
Modern Usage: Automobile
Domain Usage Screenplays
It's more like freshly-laundered linen handkerchiefs, like a brand new automobile. (Sunset Blvd.; writing credit: Charles Brackett)
We were talking about automobile insurance, only you were thinking about murder (Double Indemnity; writing credit: James M. Cain; Billy Wilder)
Just be glad I didn't invest the gold in that automobile industry (Shanghai Knights; writing credit: Alfred Gough; Miles Millar)
It's a hell of a thing to do to an automobile. (Bandits; writing credit: Harley Peyton)
Anyone with priorities so far out of whack doesn't deserve such a fine automobile. (Ferris Bueller's Day Off; writing credit: John Hughes)
Clever
A tree never hits an automobile except in self-defense. (references; author: unknown)
You are an engineer if you rotate your screen savers more frequently than your automobile tires. (references; author: unknown)
Movie/TV Titles
Cinque poveri in automobile (1952)
So Does an Automobile (1939)
The Making of an Automobile Tyre (1913)
Le Raid Paris-New York en automobile (1908)
The Automobile Thieves (1906)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.
Commercial Usage: Automobile
Domain Title References
Automobile Corporation of GOA Ltd.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)
Chongqing Changan Automobile Co Limited: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)
Automobile Emission Control & Testing Equipment in Mexico: A Strategic Entry Report, 1996 (reference)
The 2000-2005 Outlook for Automobile Insurance in North America & the Caribbean (reference)
The 2003-2008 World Outlook for Automobile Alternators and Starters Replacement Parts (reference)
(more reference examples)
Books
ASE Test Prep Series -- Automobile (A4): Automotive Suspension and Steering (reference)
Auto Detailing: Step-By-Step Procedures for Complete Automobile Detailing (reference)
Automobile Service Manual 1998-2002 (reference)
Comeback: The Fall and Rise of the American Automobile Industry (reference)
Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence (reference)
(more book examples)
Periodicals
Theater & Movies
Music
Take a Ride in My Automobile (reference)
The Pleasure and Pain of an Automobile (reference)
(more classical music examples; more popular music examples)
High Tech
Automobile Adapter (reference)
(more camera examples; more video game examples; more computer examples; more electronic examples; more software examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.
Image Slideshow: Automobile
Photo Album: Automobile
Thumbnail Description & Credit Thumbnail Description & Credit Exterior view of mobile Public Health Clinic near Brunswick, GA. Car, automobile. Credit: CDC.
Brown pendulum apparatus gravity meter Named for its inventor, Lt. E. J. Brown, C&GS Lt. Brown died in an automobile accident in 1935. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.
Caption: Walter Baker and Passenger in Baker's Runabout Automobile, Testing New Storage Battery; April 2, 1902; {06.111/29} (jpg).
Caption: Group Gathered Around Walter Baker's Runabout Automobile, Following Test of New Storage Battery; April 2, 1902; {06.111/31} (jpg).
Hydrotherapy : View of patient in armbath, made from automobile tank. Credit: National Library of Medicine.
Photographed standing beside an automobile, probably circa March-May 1919. They are (from left to right): Vice Admiral Robert E. Coontz, Commander, Division 7, Atlantic Fleet; Rear Admiral Thomas Washington, Commander, Division 2, Atlantic Fleet; Rear Admiral Hugo Osterhaus, assigned to the Navy Department; and Rear Admiral Edward W. Eberle, Commander, Division 5, Atlantic Fleet. Credit: NAVY.
View of the building's main entrance, at the foot of 18th Street, seen looking south from across Constitution Avenue, NW, on 26 June 1947. Dark automobile in the left center has U.S. Park Police markings. Taxicab in the center belongs to the American Cab Company. Credit: NAVY.
Architectural drawing for an automobile objective for Gordon Strong, Sugar Loaf Mountain, Montgomery County, Maryland. Perspective rendering. Credit: Library of Congress.
Automobile in crowded street. Credit: Library of Congress.
The "Aerocar," a flying automobile, manufactured in the U.S.--Wings form a trailer for road travel. Credit: Library of Congress.
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.
Digital Photo Gallery: Automobile
"My first auto" by Jason Patterson
Commentary: "Boy with a toy automobile.""The Keys" by Christie Ortiz
Commentary: "The keys to my automobile & home all on one handy keyring..who knew?."
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.Sounds Captioned with "Automobile".
Play Caption Play Caption Skidded; skidding; skid; car accident; crash; automobile accident; impact; collision; accident; crunch; smash; smashed; smashing; fender tag; fender-bender; pileup; ram; rear-ender; shock; sideswipe; smash; smash-up; stack-up; thud; thump; total; washout. Ding ding; gas station; filling station; gasoline; grease monkey; attendant; mechanic; garage; car; auto; automobile; truck. Windshield; car window; automobile window; breaking glass; smashing. Ding; gas station; filling station; gasoline; grease monkey; attendant; mechanic; garage; car; auto; automobile; truck. Glass; shatter; shattering; smash; smashing; automobile headlight; car headlight. Safety; security; electronics; automobile; car; lock; alarm; key; key chain; beep beep; secure; securing; locking. Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. Familiar Quotations: Automobile
Author Quotation John Kenneth Galbraith
Money differs from an automobile or mistress in being equally important to those who have it and those who do not. Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
Use in Literature: Automobile
Title Author Quote Grapes of Wrath
Steinbeck, John
Guarantee? We guaranteed it to be an automobile.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
Non-Fiction Usage: Automobile
Subject Topic Quote Health
Tumor suppressor genes are like the brake pedal of an automobile. (references)
A person who is sleepy and drives is at high risk for an automobile crash. (references)
To use a simple metaphor, the growth-control pathway is like the gas pedal of an automobile. (references)
Business
Five large companies dominate the used automobile market. (references)
Under the Soviet system, to own an automobile was considered a luxury. (references)
In Pakistan automobile purchase may be classified into two broad categories. (references)
Civil Liberties
Mozambique
After identifying Carvalho outside Maputo, the assailants dragged him from his automobile and beat him. (references)
Korea
During demonstrations at a Daewoo automobile factory in April and in labor-related protest marches in June, police and demonstrators clashed. (references)
Tunisia
El-Taief was charged with insulting a police officer after a street altercation with an officer after El-Taief returned to his automobile and found that it had been vandalized. (references)
Economic History
Russia
It also produces a third of Russia's automobile batteries. (references)
Chad
CFAO owns the two main automobile distributors, Tchami and SOCOA. (references)
Poland
Consumer goods and automobile sales have been hard hit by weak domestic demand. (references)
Human Rights
Malaysia
Civil suits involving automobile accidents and landlord-tenant disputes are heard by sessions courts. (references)
Belarus
At the Bruzgi customs-house in the Grodno region, customs officers spent 2 hours searching the personal possessions of former presidential candidate Syamon Domash, who was on his way to Poland via automobile. (references)
Political Economy
TAIWAN
Local content requirements in the automobile and motorcycle industries will be lifted as part of Taiwan's WTO accession. (references)
Trade
Slovak Rep
Cesmad Slovakia (Czech and Slovak Association for International Automobile Transportation) has the same responsibilities for TIR. (references)
France
Textile, automobile, and consumer electronics continue to have relatively high duties, but there is rapidly decreasing regulation. (references)
Taiwan
Similarly, local content requirements in the automobile and motorcycle industries will be eliminated as part of Taiwan's WTO accession. (references)
Travel
Slovak Rep
Most travelers prefer to use Vienna's Schwechat airport and take the airport bus or automobile to Bratislava. (references)
South Africa
With a valid carnet, a visitor may enter South Africa with his automobile for a period not exceeding 12 months. (references)
Slovak Rep
Travel by automobile is also possible, although -- due to many narrow two-lane roads -- travelers often find that car travel can take longer than expected. (references)
Worker Rights
Nicaragua
In Managua over 6,000 children work on city streets, selling merchandise, cleaning automobile windows, or begging. (references)
Australia
The dispute closed several of the country's automobile manufacturers; it ended 2 weeks after the Industrial Relations Commission ordered the termination of the bargaining period, thereby forcing the workers to return to work. (references)
Belarus
In February 2000, the management of the Mogilev Automobile Factory (MAZ) unilaterally suspended its collective bargaining agreement with the local union of the BFTU, evicted the organization from its office, and confiscated office equipment. (references)
Lexicography
Devil's Dictionary
PEDESTRIAN, n. The variable (an audible) part of the roadway for an automobile. Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.
Spoken Usage: Automobile
Speaker Phrase(s) Andrew Weil
Look, I say, if I'm in an automobile accident, I don't want to first go to a shaman or an herbalist, I want to go to a trauma center and get put back together. Art Linkletter
So losing two out of five. Suicide from having been given LSD and a son in an automobile accident. So I have had tragedies. Bob Costas
I did the NBA Finals, because it was--and I filled in on a handful of games when Marv Albert had an automobile accident. This was our last time around at NBC. And I'll still host the Olympics every other year. Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.
Speeches: Automobile
Speaker Term Phrase(s) Jimmy Carter
1977-1981 While the private automobile will continue to be the principal means of transportation for many Americans, public transportation can become an increasingly attractive alternative. Ronald Reagan
1981-1989 Our automobile industry has overhauled assembly lines, increased worker productivity, and is competitive once again. Bill Clinton
1993-2001 Every state in this country already requires hunters and automobile drivers to have a license. Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
Usage Frequency: Automobile
"Automobile" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 98.19% of the time. "Automobile" is used about 221 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of Speech Percent Usage per
100 Million WordsRank in English Noun (singular) 98.19% 217 20,530 Noun (proper) 1.81% 4 175,879 Total 100.00% 221 N/A Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Usage in Company Names: Automobile
Country Name Country Name China Chongqing Changan Automobile Co Limited
France Equipements et Composants pour l'Industrie Automobile S.A. (ECIA)
India Automobile Corporation of GOA Ltd.
Japan Automobile Foundry Co., Ltd.
(more examples...) Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expression: Automobile
Expressions using "automobile": automobile battery ♦ automobile driver ♦ Automobile Driver Examination ♦ Automobile Driving ♦ automobile engine ♦ automobile factory ♦ automobile horn ♦ automobile industry ♦ automobile insurance ♦ automobile loan ♦ automobile mechanic ♦ automobile race ♦ automobile tire ♦ automobile traffic ♦ automobile trunk ♦ automobile tyre ♦ automobile works ♦ electric automobile ♦ public automobile service ♦ Recycling of Automobile Fuel Tanks. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage Beginning with "automobile": automobile-free.
Ending with "automobile": pre-automobile.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. Frequency of Internet Keywords: Automobile
The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
Expression Frequency
per DayExpression Frequency
per Dayautomobile
13,167 automobile donation
416 american automobile association
1,634 automobile shopping
411 automobile insurance
1,104 automobile sale
354 automobile tire
975 automobile extended warranty
345 ford automobile
892 bmw automobile
316 automobile magazine
794 automobile auction
314 automobile review
662 automobile accident
305 nissan automobile
642 automobile history
299 used automobile
618 automobile warranty
291 automobile purchase
598 automobile club
290 automobile blue book
582 chrysler automobile
287 automobile part
564 automobile bill of sale
285 automobile association
540 infinity automobile
278 automobile rental
514 automobile dealer
263 automobile repair
494 mazda automobile
245 automobile dealer new car
494 new automobile
241 automobile club of southern california
490 dodge automobile
238 honda automobile
454 automobile price
235 automobile accessory
450 automobile rating
228 automobile recall
443 consumer report automobile
226 Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. Modern Translation: Automobile
Language Translations for "automobile"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. Afrikaans
motor (car, motor car, motor-car). (various references)
Albanian
automobil (auto, motor car). (various references)
Arabic
سيارة (car, motor, motor car, sedan), ذاتي الحركة (auto, automatic, automatical, self propelling). (various references)
Bulgarian
автомобилен (automotive, motor, vehicular), автомобил (auto, car, motor, motor car, motorcar). (various references)
Chinese
汽车 (automotive, Car), 汽車 (car). (various references)
Czech
automobil (buggy, car). (various references)
Danish
bil (car, motor car, motor-car), automobil (car, motor car, motor-car). (various references)
Dutch
automobiel (car, motor car, motor-car), auto (car, motor car, motor-car). (various references)
Esperanto
aŭtomobilo (car, motor car, motor-car). (various references)
Faeroese
bilur (car, motor car). (various references)
Farsi
ماشین متحرک خودکار, ماشین خودرو, خودرو (Automotive, Weedy, Wild), اتومبیل سوارشدن , اتومبیل راندن (Motor), اتومبیل (Car, Motor). (various references)
Finnish
auto (auto, car, motor car, taxi). (various references)
French
automobile, auto (auto). (various references)
Frisian
auto (car, motor car), wein (car, motor car). (various references)
German
auto (auto, car, motor, motor car, motorcar), selbstbeweglich (automatical), automobil (car, motor car, motorcar). (various references)
Greek
αυτοκίνητο (auto, car, coupe, motorcar). (various references)
Hebrew
מכונית (car, motor car, vehicle). (various references)
Hungarian
autó (can, car, coupe, motor car, motor-car, sedan), személygépkocsi (motor car, motor-car, saloon). (various references)
Icelandic
bifreið (car, motor car), bíll (car, motor car). (various references)
Indonesian
mobil (auto, car, mobile, motor car). (various references)
Italian
automobile (auto, car, motor, motor car, motorcar). (various references)
Japanese Kanji
自動車 , 自動車 , 乗用車 , 四輪車 (car), オートマチック車 (autoload, auto-manipulator, automat, automatic camera for detecting and recording speeding vehicles, automatic repeat, automatic return, automatic reverse, automatic transmission car, automation, automaton, autoracing, auto-raise, awning, ball hit over the head of an outfielder, convertible, eau de toilette, exaggeration, exceeding, going beyond, hors d'oeuvre, oatmeal, OB, ode, old boy, open, open account, open caption, open course, open game, open golf, open sandwich, open side, open system, open toaster, open-air, open-end mortgage, opener, opening, opening game, opening number, orb, orbiter, ornament, out-of-bounds, oven, oven toaster, over, over doctor, over fence, over par, overaction, overall, overblouse, overbooking, overborrowing, overcharge, overcoat, overdraft, overdrive, overdub, overflow, overhand, overhand pass, overhand throw, overhang, overhaul, overhaul net, overhead, overhead pass, overhead projector, overheat, overkill, overlap, overlay, overload, overloading, overloan, overnight, overnight bag, overnight photo service, overpace, overpresence, overproof, override, overrun, overshoes, overskill, overslide, overstep, overtime, overture, overweight, overwork, overwrite, overzone, owner, owner system, owner-driver, owner-pilot, self-locking, water of life). (various references)
Japanese Katakana
オートモビル , よんりんしゃ (car), じどうしゃ, じょうようしゃ (addict, constant user). (various references)
Korean
자동차 (Auto, auto-). (various references)
Lombard
macchina (car, motor car). (various references)
Malay
oto (car, motor car), motokar (car, motor car), mobil (car, motor car). (various references)
Manx
gleashtan (motor car). (various references)
Norwegian
bil (car, motor car, motor-car). (various references)
Papago
hejel memdatham. (various references)
Papiamen
outo (car, motor car). (various references)
Pig Latin