135

  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

135

Definition: 135

135

Adjective

1. Being five more than one hundred thirty.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 


Specialty Definition: 135 film

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

135 is a film format for still photography. It became the most widely used film format in the late 1960s and remains so today.

The film itself has the same dimensions as the 35mm movie film but is enclosed in a light-tight cartridge to allow cameras to be loaded in daylight. The standard image format is 24 x 36 mm. Other image formats were also used, like the half-frame format of 18 x 24 mm that earned some popularity during an era of unusually high film costs in the 1960s and the 24 x 24 mm of the Robot cameras. Odd formats include the 24 x 32 mm and 24 x 34 mm on the early Nikon rangefinders, and 24 x 23 mm for use with stereo cameras. In 1998, Hasselblad introduced a 24 x 65 mm panoramic format with the XPan camera. There is also a 17x17mm format used by Tessina subminiature camera.

The film is housed in a single spool metal cartridge, where the film is wound on an internal bobbin and exits via a velvet covered slot. The end of the film is cut on one side to form a leader, which is to be inserted into a correspoding slot in the cameras take up spool.

The film is available in lengths for varying numbers of exposures. The standard full-length roll has always been 36 exposures (assuming a standard 24x36 frame size). Through about 1980, 20 exposure rolls were the only shorter length with widespread availability. Since then, 20 exposure rolls have been largely discontinued in favor of 24 and 12 exposure rolls. Other, mostly shorter lengths have been manufactured, mainly as marketing gimmicks. For example, there have been some 6, 8, and 10 exposure rolls given away as samples or sold to insurance adjustors for use in documenting damage claims. Users who load their own rolls can use any length of film that will physically fit in the cartridge; with thinner emulsions up to 45 exposures will fit.

Ordinarily, the film must be rewound before the camera can be opened. Some newer cameras wind the film fully upon loading and then expose the images in reverse order.

On modern cartridges, the surface contains a pattern called DX encoding that most new cameras use for sensing the film speed and other parameters.

History

The camera that introduced the format, and also proved that a format this small was suitable for professional photography was the Leica.

In the earliest days, the photographer had to wind 35mm film film into reusable cartridges himself, and cut the film leader. In 1934, Kodak introduced the 135 single use cartridges as we know it today. It was the invention of Nagel Camerawerk in Stuttgart, and Kodak was so interested in this invention that it bought the entire company, and marketed the Nagel camera as the Kodak Retina.

Kodak launched 135 Kodachrome color film in 1935. Agfa followed with the introduction of Agfacolor-Neu in 1936.

The designations 235 and 435 refer to 35 mm film in daylight loading spools, that could be loaded into Leica or Contax style reusable cartridges without need of a darkroom. The 335 was a daylight loading spool for the 24 x 23 mm stereo format.

In the early 1960s, the Nikon F SLR system camera lifted the state of the art for this format to new heights.

The DX encoding system was introduced in the 1980s.

International standard: ISO 1007

See also: 35mm film

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "135 film."

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Synonyms: 135

Synonyms: cxxxv (adj), one hundred thirty-five (adj). (additional references)

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Crosswords: 135

English words defined with "135": cretaceous, Cretaceous periodJurassic, Jurassic periodlightweightSe, sou'-east, southeastTrioctile. (references)
Specialty definitions using "135": AllworthyBarcochebahHunters and RunnersligroineMaccabees, Books of thepetroleum etherQuos EgoTachycardia, Ectopic AtrialXenon Radioisotopes. (references)

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Modern Usage: 135

DomainUsage

Screenplays

That's 135 floors (The Towering Inferno; writing credit: Richard Martin Stern; Thomas N. Scortia)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: 135

DomainTitle

Books

  • Far/Aim 2002: Includes Federal Aviation Regulations Parts 1, 43, 61, 71, 73, 91, 97, 103, 105, 119, 135, 141, 142, Ntsb 830 and the Complete aeronaut (reference)

  • The Gluten-Free Kitchen: Over 135 Delicious Recipes for People with Gluten Intolerance or Wheat Allergy (reference)

  • Paul Bowles: Collected Stories & Later Writings (Library of America, 135.) (reference)

  • Sedona Hikes : 135 Day Hikes & 5 Vortex Sites around Sedona, Arizona (Revised 6th Edition) (reference)

  • Novel Infectious Agents and the Central Nervous System - Symposium No. 135 (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Consumer Goods

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Photo Album: 135

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Pl. XXXVI. 134. Pachystomias microdon, Gunther. From Gunther, Challenger Report, Vol. XXII. 135. Eustomias obscurus, Vaillant. From Vaillant, "Exped. Scient. du Travailleur et du Talisman." 135. Bathophilus nigerrimus, Giglioli. From Giglioli, "Pelagos." 137. Photonectes gracilis, Goode and Bean. From off Martinique at 472 fathoms. Credit: National Marine Fisheries Historical Image Collection.

Pl. CVI. 365A, B. Notosema dilecta, Goode and Bean. At N. Lat. 32.5, W. Lon. 78.75, in 75 fathoms. 366A, B. Citharichthys arctifrons, Goode. Collected off Newport, Rhode Island, at about 135 fathoms. Credit: National Marine Fisheries Historical Image Collection.

Pl. CVIII. 369A, B. Citharichthys unicornis, Goode. Collected off Martha's Vineyard in about 135 fathoms. 370. Citharichthys spilopterus, Gunther. At N. Lat. 23.2, W. Lon. 89.2, in 84 fathoms. 371. Scianectes macrophthalmus, Alcock. From Alcock, "Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal," Vol. LVIII. Credit: National Marine Fisheries Historical Image Collection.

Plate 135. The Gulf Scup or Goat's Head Porgy. Stenotomus caprinus, Goode and Bean. Credit: National Marine Fisheries Historical Image Collection.

GOES-C awaits launch aboard Delta Launch Vehicle 142. After launch this satellite was designated GOES 3. It was placed in geostationary orbit at 135 degrees west longitude. Credit: NOAA in Space.

  

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Non-Fiction Usage: 135

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

Nearly 135,000 pregnant women get the condition every year, making it one of the top health concerns related to pregnancy. (references)

For those with relative weight of 125 to 135 percent at entry, the aggregate mortality ratio was 134 percent, as shown above. (references)

Business

In 1997, Dicscamec registered 66 new security service companies, while in 1999 there were about 135 new companies registered. (references)

The pioneer of franchising in Greece is Goody's, which now has 135 stores is the third largest restaurant chain in Europe and is presently expanding outside Greece. (references)

The firm has a fleet (1999) of 9 Embraer 145s, 8 Saab 2000s, 1 Embraer 135, 7 Embraer 120s. A total of 800 000 passengers were carried in 1999. Air France is the majority shareholder in Regional Airlines. (references)

Children

Mozambique

The mortality rate for infants was 135 per 1,000, and for children under the age of 5 it was 201 per 1,000. The Maputo City Women and Social Action Coordination Office continued its program of rescuing abandoned orphans and assisting single mothers who head families of three or more persons. (references)

Civil Liberties

Burma

Of these at least 135,000 Karen, Mon, and Karenni resided in refugee camps in Thailand. (references)

Bulgaria

Nevertheless a study on the law's impact stated that journalists increasingly took the law into account when seeking information from the Government, and the Access to Information Program (AIP) received 135 requests for help in using the APIA. (references)

Economic History

Pakistan

Population (1998 estimate): 135 million. (references)

Tunisia

THE CURRENT MONTHLY MINIMUM LEGAL WAGE (FOR A 40-HOUR WEEK IN THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR) IS ABOUT 135 USD. (references)

Slovakia

It maintains diplomatic relations with 135 countries of which 44 have permanent representation in Bratislava. (references)

Human Rights

Haiti

They injured 19 persons and destroyed more than 135 houses. (references)

India

In Bihar the NHRC recorded 135 custodial deaths in its 2000-01 reporting period. (references)

Angola

Under the criminal law a person may not be held for more than 135 days without trial. (references)

Indigenous People

Brazil

Of the 586 recognized indigenous areas, 327 have reached the final registration stage, and 135 remain to be demarcated legally. (references)

Trade

Egypt

The list consists of about 135 product categories including foodstuffs, spare parts, construction products, electronic devices, appliances, and many consumer goods. (references)

Russia

Free customs zones and free warehouses are located in customs areas (airports, seaports, railway and truck terminals) and, according to Decree 135, selected automobile factories. (references)

Worker Rights

Kazakhstan

According to Article 135, the kidnaping of persons is punishable by a term of up to 7 years. (references)

India

During 2000, SACCS helped release approximately 135 child laborers in Bhadohi district alone. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: 135

"135" is generally used as a cardinal number -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "135" is used about 243 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Cardinal Number100%24319,167

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: 135

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

kc 135

80

135 port rpc

4

canon 28 135

28

135 fo sharp

4

135 handler hobart

11

135 emb

4

135 emb embraer

10

135 entomology

4

kc 135 stratotanker

10

sennheiser ew 135

3

135 district orland school

10

135 wc

3

audiovox cdm 135

7

cdm 135

3

135 super troubleshooting up z

7

jbl scs 135

2

135 ec

7

135 port udp

2

135 hobart

7

135 mf tractor

2

mf 135

6

dark shadow v 135

2

135 district orland park school

5
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Alternative Orthography: 135


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

31 33 35

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

00110001 00110011 00110101

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#49 &#51 &#53

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0031 0033 0035

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

192123

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern
5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Photo Album
7. Quotations: Non-fiction
8. Usage Frequency
9. Expressions: Internet
10. Orthography
11. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.